Голицинский упражнения в формате word

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ

Ю. Голицынский

Н. Голицынская

ГРАММАТИКА

СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

ИЗДАНИЕ ПЯТОЕ ИСПРАВЛЕННОЕ И ДОПОЛНЕННОЕ

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УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922 Г 60

Авторы:

Ю. Б. Голицынский,

Н. А. Голицынская (исправления и дополнения)

Голицынский Ю. Б.

Г 60 Грамматика: Сборник упражнений.— 5-е изд. —

СПб.: КАРО, 2006.— 544 с.— (Английский язык для школьников).

ISBN 5-89815-595-3

Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения. Дополнен теоретическим материалом и сло­варем.

Предназначен для учащихся VIX классов школ с базовым уровнем изучения английского языка и школ с углубленным изучением английского языка.

УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922

© КАРО, 2005
ISBN 5-89815-595-3 Все права защищены


Предисловие

Предлагаемый сборник содержит грамматические упражнения по основным темам грамматики англий­ского языка: артикль, существительное, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные, местоиме­ния much, many, (a) little, (a) few, степени сравнения прилагательных, предлоги, употребление времен, стра­дательный залог, согласование времен и косвенная речь, неличные формы глагола, сложное дополнение, слож­ное подлежащее, условные предложения и употребление сослагательного наклонения после / wish, модальные глаголы.

Настоящее пятое издание сборника подверглось пе­реработке, в процессе которой были сделаны многочис­ленные исправления и дополнения, например, по таким темам, как артикль, существительное, местоимения, предлоги, употребление времен, страдательный залог. В большинство упражнений добавлены новые предложе­ния, а также составлены новые упражнения. Суще­ственно переработаны главы, посвященные герундию, сложному дополнению и сложному подлежащему.

Сборник завершается контрольным упражнением, позволяющим проверить правильность усвоения учащи­мися применения артиклей, употребления времен в ак­тивном и пассивном залогах, герундия, причастия и модальных глаголов.

Для исправлений и дополнений некоторых грамма­тических явлений в сборнике приведены примечания, в которых указана ссылка на следующее пособие по грам­матике английского языка: Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use".

4 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Кроме того, в настоящем пятом издании расширен и выверен словарь,, исправлены орфография и транскрип­ция. Изменения, внесенные в словарь сборника, вы­полнены в соответствии с орфографией и транскрипци­ей словаря Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. Longman Group UK Limited 1992. Англо­русский и русско-английский словарь сборника поме­щен в конце книги, причем он включает все слова, име­ющиеся в упражнениях, благодаря чему у ученика не будет необходимости обращаться к большому словарю в поисках незнакомых слов, что облегчит ему работу и сократит время на выполнение упражнений. Перед сло­варем приведены таблицы с фонетическими символами, используемыми в словаре, которые характерны для анг­лийского предложения.

Сборник предназначен дяя учащихся средних школ, независимо от их профиля, а также может быть исполь­зован при работе со взрослыми. При существующем в настоящее время большом разнообразии учебных про­грамм и учебников не представляется целесообразным согласовывать лексический и грамматический матери­ал с каким-нибудь определенным учебником. В преде­лах каждого раздела сборника упражнения расположе­ны по мере возрастания трудностей, что дает возмож­ность учителю подбирать упражнения в соответствии с языковым уровнем учащихся.

Из собственного многолетнего опыта преподаватель­ской работы авторы сборника знают, что количество грамматических упражнений, предлагаемых любым учебником, недостаточно, а учитель всегда испытывает потребность в дополнительных упражнениях. Поэтому предлагаемый сборник упражнений может оказаться уместным и полезным для работы по любому учебнику и с любой аудиторией.

Авторы


АРТИКЛЬ

Запомните следующие правила:

Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.

Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существи­тельным стоит притяжательное или указательное мес­тоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание "по" (не "not"!).

Упражнение 1

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? — No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is my sis­ter's ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got ... headache. 6. Have they got ... car? — Yes, they have. Their ... car is not very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got ... calculator? — No, I haven't. 8. Is this ... watch? — No, it isn't ... watch, it's ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 10. I can see

6 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

... pencils on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11. Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it. 14. My ... friend says he is going to be ... millionaire one ... day. 15. Would you like ... orange? 16. Mr. Smith is ... artist, Mrs. Smith is ... poetess.

Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем пе­ред ним неопределенный артикль a (an). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

Упражнение 2

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Не hasn't got ... car. But he's got ... comput­er. ... computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yester­day. ... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restau­rant. 15. I've got ... idea. 16. What ... shame.


7

Артикль 7

Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употреб­ляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляе-мыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опус­кается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существи­тельными, как с единственным, так и с множествен­ным числом.-

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

исчисляемое в единственном числе

This is s meat. The meat is fresh.

неисчисляемое

These are s books. The books are good.

множественное число

Упражнение 3

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pen­cils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... ve­getarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you!

  1. My ... cousin is upset. He's got ... sore throat.

  2. This is ... cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... po­tatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea.

8 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.

Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:

at school at s home at work

Упражнение 4

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... stu­dents. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no ... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school.

  1. Is your father at... home? — No, he is at... work.

  2. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home.

Если перед существительным употребляется

прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем

и существительным.

E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

Упражнение 5

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny of­ten tells us ... long ... interesting ... stories. 3. My


Артикль 9

... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ... cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ... engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil. 11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... pencil. 13. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pen­cil. Give me ... pencil, please.

Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем не менее употребляем перед ним определенный ар­тикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является един­
ственным
в мире:

E.g. The sun is shining brightly.

б) если этот предмет является определенным по
ситуации
:

E.g. Put the book on the table.

Упражнение 6

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English les­son yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... ques­tions. ... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your

10 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

... brother? — Не is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... home­work. ... homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sit­ting on ... sofa. 8. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.

Упражнение 7

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shin­ing brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in ... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? — No, I am ... student. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interest­ing ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.

Кроме того, существует огромное количество так называемых устойчивых словосочетаний, в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.

Запомните следующие конструкции:

There is a ... . Where is the ... ?


Артикль 11

Запомните также следующие предложения:

The (book) is on the (table). Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)1.

Упражнение 8

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... big tree in ... garden. 2. There is ... bank near here. — Where is ... bank? 3. There is ... new supermarket in ... centre of our ... town.

  1. There is ... hotel over there. ... hotel isn't cheap.

  2. Where is ... cat? — ... cat is on ... sofa. 6. Where is ... book? — ... book is on ... shelf. 7. Where are ... flowers? — ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 8. Where is ... vase? — ... vase is on ... little table near ... window. 9. Open ... window, please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ... tree is green. 10. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 11. We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ... little lamp on ... wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and read ... good book.

Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание:

in s front (of)

1 Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть лю­бым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо пред­лога "on" может быть любой другой предлог или заменяющее его словосочетание, напр. "in front of".

12 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 9

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... wonderful small computer in ... front of ... books there. 2. Where is ... soup? — ... soup is in ... big saucepan on ... gas cooker. 3. Where are ... cutlets? — ... cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... little plate. 4. There is no ... bread on ... ta­ble. Where is ... bread? 5. There is ... little brown coffee table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 6. Where is ... table in your ... room? 7. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor in my mother's ... room.

  1. Is your brother at ... home? — No, he is at ... work. He works at ... big factory. He is ... engineer.

  2. My sister has many ... books. ... books are in ... big bookcase. 10. ... weather is fine today. Let's go and play in ... yard. There are many ... children in ... yard. They are playing with ... ball.

Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:

I have а ... This is a ... I am a ...

Не has a ... That is a ... Не is a ...

I see a ... It is a ... She is a ...

There is a ...

Упражнение 10

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... juice on ... kitchen table. 2. Her ... son has ... great ... sense of ... humor. 3. There was ... discotheque at ... club last Saturday but he didn't go. 4. Is there ... bus stop near ... building? 5. We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has ... very good comput-


Артикль 13

er. 7. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 8. There is ... very large piano in ... hall. 9. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It's ... bush. 10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I study at ... school. 11. My sis­ter is at ... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 12. This is ... very difficult ques­tion. I don't know ... answer to it. 13. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school. 14. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is ... excit­ing city to visit, but ... very expensive place to live.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in the middle in the corner to the right to the left

Упражнение 11

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... jar of ... orange ... marmelade in ... middle of ... shelf. 2. There is ... big ... box of ... cereal to ... right of you. 3. There is ... bunch of ... bananas on ... table. Don't keep them in ... re­frigerator. 4. There is ... loaf of ... white ... bread on ... upper ... shelf of ... refrigerator. If you want your ... bread to be fresh, keep it only in ... refrigerator. 5. Is there ... bag of ... flour in ... cupboard? 6. There was ... bottle of ... lemonade in ... corner of ... kitchen. 7. There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ... sofa. 8. Where is ... table in your brother's ... room? —

14 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

His ... table is near ... window. 9. I can see ... fine ... vase .on ... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 10. We have no ... piano in our ... living room. 11. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 12. I can see ... nice ... coffee table in ... middle of ... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee table. 13. Our ... TV set is on ... little ... ta­ble in ... corner of ... room. 14. There is ... beautiful picture in my father's ... study. ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ... window.

Упражнение 12

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My aunt's flat is in ... new house. There is ... liv­ing room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dress­ing table with ... mirror on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is very cosy.

Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит неисчисляемое существительное или существитель­ное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово some.


Артикль 15

Упражнение 13

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... English and German books in this ... library. 4. There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 5. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please.

7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ...
shelves? — There is ... butter in ... butter dish.
There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There
are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ...
lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ...
juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 9. There
are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys.
Where are ... boys? — Oh, all ... boys are playing
football at... stadium. 10. There is ... peculiar charm
in her ... voice.

Упражнение 14

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Where is ... bus station? — ... bus station is next to ... gas station. 2. There are two ... pets in ... house: ... cat and ... dog. 3. There is ... TV antenna on ... roof. 4. There is ... mailbox between ... build­ing and ... bus stop. 5. There is ... big ... dog in ... front of ... fireplace. 6. Do you speak English at ... work or at... school? 7. She had ... bad ... day today.

8. I have ... colour TV set. ... TV set is on ... little
table in ... corner of ... room. 9. There is ... book,
... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing desk. 10. My
... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He

16 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 11. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 12. Where is ... coffee table in your ... room? — ... coffee table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee table and ... newspa­pers. There is ... coffee in ... cup. 13. There are ... photographs on ... sofa. 14. There is ... guitar on ... chair near ... piano.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in the morning in the evening

in the afternoon at s night

А также:

to go to ± bed to go to school

to go to s work

Упражнение 15

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Every day my ... brother and I get up at eight o'clock and walk to ... school. I like ... school. It's ... fun. My ... brother loves ... football. He hates ... homework. So he doesn't like to go to ... school. Will he go to ... work in ... future? 2. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening. 3. ... weather was very bad in ... morn­ing yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm.


Артикль 17

I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard. There were ... boys and ... girls in ... yard. We played in ... yard till late in ... evening. When I came ... home, I drank ... tea, ate ... sandwich and went to ... bed at once. I slept very well at ... night.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

at s half past five at a quarter past five
to go
s home to come s home

to leave S home for S work (for S school)

Упражнение 16

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My brother is ... pupil. He goes to ... school. He goes to ... school in ... morning. He has five or six ... lessons every day. In ... afternoon he goes ... home. At ... home he does his ... homework. In ... evening he reads ... books. He usually goes to ... bed at ... half past ten. At ... night he sleeps. 2. My fa­ther goes to ... work in ... morning and comes ... home in ... evening. 3. I get up at ... half past seven in ... morning and go to ... bed at ... quarter to eleven in ... evening. 4. When does your mother leave ... home for ... work? — She leaves ... home for ... work at ... quarter past eight. 5. When do you leave ... home for ... school? — I leave ... home for ... school at ... half past ... eight. 6. What do you do when you come ... home from ... school? — I do my ... homework, talk to my ... friends on ... phone and go for ... walks. I often listen to ... music. I like ... jazz best.

18 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Перед названиями месяцев и дней недели артикль не употребляется.

School begins in {_ September. We rest on s Sunday.

Перед порядковыми числительными обычно упот­ребляется определенный артикль.

Our classroom is on the second floor. Today is the tenth of May.

Упражнение 17

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We always go to ... Russian Museum on ... Sun­day. 2. On ... Saturday she usually goes to ... Phil­harmonic. 3. In ... August he has his ... birthday. He is planning to have ... nice party with his ... friends. 4. There are three rooms and ... kitchen in our new flat. 5. My new dress is made of ... silk. 6. If you want to write something on ... blackboard, you must have ... piece of ... chalk. 7. Are there any pupils in ... classroom? 8. I have ... new English book. ... book is very interesting. 9. There is ... gar­den in ... front of our school. ... garden is not large, but it is very nice. 10. ... May is ... fifth month of the year. 11. ... Saturday is ... sixth day of the week. 12. ... Sunday is ... day off. 13. Today is ... ninth of ... May. Anton has got ... new mobile phone. He is going to make ... phone call to his ... grandfather. 14. This is ... nice place. In ... June we are going there for ... holiday.


Артикль 19

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

after s work after s school

from s work from /_ school

Упражнение 18

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My friends live in ... small town. It is ... new town. ... streets in ... town are broad and straight. There are ... beautiful buildings in them. ... town is very green, and so ... air is fresh. There are ... beau­tiful parks and gardens in ... town. ... people like to go there after ... work. In ... evening you can hear ... sounds of ... music from ... parks. There are ... schools, ... libraries, ... supermarket, ... hospital, ... theatre, ... cinemas, ... clinics and ... kindergartens in ... town. 2. This is ... classroom. ... classroom is large and light. 3. There is ... picture on ... wall. 4. What is ... date today? It is ... seventh of ... De­cember. 5. ... third lesson today is ... lesson of En­glish. 6. Pete, go to ... blackboard. 7. After ... school I usually go ... home. 8. My father always comes from ... work late: at eight o'clock or at ... half past eight. But on ... Friday he comes ... home early: at half past four or at ... quarter to five. On ... Satur­day and on ... Sunday he does not go to ... work.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

to have (cook, make, prepare) ■{_ breakfast

/_ lunch /_ tea " dinner Ssupper

20 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 19

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I go to ... school in ... morning, so I get up early. I usually get up at ... quarter past seven. I go to ... bathroom, turn on ... water and wash my face and hands. My father and mother also get up early in ... morning. My mother works at ... office. She is ... typist. My father is ... doctor. He works at ... hos­pital. We have ... breakfast in ... kitchen. We eat ... porridge and ... eggs. We drink ... tea. My father and mother leave ... home for ... work at... half past eight. My father goes to ... hospital, and my mother goes to ... office. I don't leave ... home with my par­ents: ... school where I study is near our house. I leave ... home for ... school at ... quarter to nine. My granny stays at ... home and cooks ... dinner. I have ... lunch at ... school after ... third lesson. My father and mother have ... lunch at ... work. When we come ... home, we have ... dinner.

Упражнение 20

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Every day my husband goes to ... work, my son goes to ... school and I go to ... institute. 2. There is ... new school at ... corner of our street. 3. My daughter came ... home from ... school on ... Mon­day and said to me, "There will be ... parents' meet­ing on ... tenth of February at six o'clock in ... evening." 4. ... teacher told us ... very interesting story at ... lesson. 5. When ... bell rang, ... pupils went into ... classroom. 6. We are usually at ... school from nine o'clock in ... morning till two o'clock in ... afternoon. 7. We don't go to ... school on ... Sunday.


Артикль 21

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

after S breakfast before S breakfast

after s lunch before s lunch

after s tea before S tea

after *f dinner before s dinner

after S supper before S supper

at s breakfast for breakfast

at /_ lunch for s lunch

at tea for tea

at /_ dinner for dinner

at s supper for ^ supper

Упражнение 21

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What do you do after ... breakfast? — After ... breakfast I go to ... school. 2. My granny likes to read ... book after ... lunch. 3. ... people usually have ... breakfast in ... morning. They have ... dinner in... afternoon. In ... evening ... people have ... supper. 4. There is a proverb: "After ... dinner sleep awhile, after ... supper walk ... mile." 5. Who cooks ... din­ner in your family? 6. Yesterday father told us ... very interesting story at ... breakfast. 7. What did you have for ... lunch at ... school on ... Wednes­day? — We had ... salad and ... tea. 8. My mother never has ... supper with ... family because she does not like to eat in ... evening. 9. When do you clean your teeth in ... morning: before ... breakfast or af­ter ... breakfast?

22 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Артикль


23


Упражнение 22

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. For ... breakfast I have ... coffee with ... milk and ... sugar. I have ... jam, too. There are ... dif­ferent things on ... dinner table. There is ... bread, ... butter and ... ham. There are ... cups and ... glasses there. There is ... jug on ... table. ... milk in ... jug is hot. There is ... teapot on ... table. There is ... tea in ... teapot. ... tea is hot, too. There are ... plates, ... forks and ... knives on ... table. 2. ... lamp is on ... table. 3. There is ... lamp on ... table. 4. Is there ... lamp on ... table? 5. Is ... lamp on ... table? 6. Is there ... clock on ... wall? 7. There are two ... shelves on ... wall. 8. Where are ... shelves? — ... shelves are on ... wall. 9. They have ... large flat. There are ... four rooms in ... flat. 10. Is ... newspa­per on ... table? 11. Is there ... newspaper on ... ta­ble? 12. There is ... butter on ... plate. 13. Where is ... butter? — ... butter is on ... little plate. 14. There is ... white and ... brown bread on ... table.

Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание:

to watch s TV

Упражнение 23

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Pete has ... small family. He has ... father and ... mother. He has no ... brother, but he has ... sis­ter. His sister is ... pupil. She is ... good girl. She has ... many Russian books, but she has no ... En-


glish books. 2. There is ... writing desk in ... room. ... writing desk is good. There is ... lamp on ... writ­ing desk. 3. My uncle has ... large family. They are six in ... family. 4. My father is ... engineer. He works at ... big factory. 5. We have ... good library. Our books are in ... big bookcase. 6. Is your ... sis­ter married? 7. What do you do after ... breakfast?

  • I go to ... school. 8. When do you come ... home?

  • I come ... home at ... half past two. 9. Do you like to watch ... TV in ... evening? 10. He watches ... television all day. I never do it. I can't watch ... TV very often. But tonight I can spend ... evening in ... front of ... box, because there is ... very in­teresting ... film on. It is "My Fair Lady" with Rex Harrison and Audrey Hepburn. I love it.

Упражнение 24

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... aunt and my ... uncle are ... doctors. They work at ... hospital. They get up at seven o'clock in ... morning. They go to ... bed at eleven o'clock. 2. I work in ... morning and in ... afternoon. I don't work in ... evening. I sleep at ... night. 3. When do you leave ... home for ... school? — I leave ... home at ... quarter past eight in ... morn­ing. 4. What does your mother do after ... break­fast? — She goes to ... work. 5. Is there ... sofa in your ... living room? — Yes, there is ... cosy little ... sofa in ... living room. — Where is ... sofa? — It is in ... corner of ... room to ... left of ... door. I like to sit on this ... sofa in ... front of ... TV set in ... evening. 6. There is ... nice coffee table near ... win­dow. There are ... newspapers on ... coffee table. 7. There is ... tea in ... glass. 8. When do you watch

24 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

... TV? — I watch ... TV in ... evening. We have ... large colour TV set in our ... room. There is ... beau­tiful vase on ... TV set. There are ... flowers in ... vase. 9. I have ... large writing desk in ... study. There is ... paper on ... writing desk. My ... books and ... exercise books are on ... writing desk, too.

Упражнение 25

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My friend's ... flat is very comfortable. There are ... three rooms in ... flat: ... living room, ... study and ... bedroom. ... living room is not very large. ... walls in ... living room are blue. There are ... pic­tures on ... walls. There is ... table in ... middle of ... room with some chairs around it. To ... left of ... door there is ... sofa. Near ... sofa there are ... two large armchairs. They are very comfortable. There is ... piano in my friend's living room. ... piano is to ... right of ... door. ... bedroom and ... study are small. ... furniture in ... flat is brown.

Если перед существительным стоит вопроситель­ное или относительное местоимение, артикль опускается.

E.g. What colour is your cat?

I want to know what book you are reading.

Упражнение 26

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What ... colour is your new ... hat? — It's ... red. 2. Is there ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen?


Артикль 25

3. Where is ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? — It is in ... corner of ... kitchen. 4. There are ... flow­ers in our ... living room. ... flowers are in ... beau­tiful vase. 5. I have ... tea in my ... cup. 6. He has no ... coffee in his ... cup. 7. What ... book did you borrow from ... library on ... Tuesday? 8. I have ... books, ... exercise books and ... pens in my ... bag. 9. I am ... engineer. I work at ... office. I go to ... office in ... morning. As ... office is far from ... house I live in, I take ... bus to get there. 10. What ... bus do you take to get to ... work? 11. Whose ... pen is this? 12. What ... colour is your ... new ... T-shirt? — It's ... white. 13. She is going to ... music shop to buy ... cassette. — What ... cassette is she going to buy? 14. That's ... man whose ... com­puter was stolen last night.

Упражнение 27

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Here is ... large window. Through ... window we can see ... room. Opposite ... window there is ... door. On ... door there is ... curtain. In ... corner of ... room there is ... round table. On it we can see ... books and ... telephone. There is ... bookshelf over ... table. On ... bookshelf we can see ... newspapers and ... book by ... Jack London. There are ... two ... pictures in ... room. One ... picture is small, ... other picture is very large. There are ... two bookcases in ... room. ... bookcases are full of ... books. There is ... large sofa in ... room. On ... sofa we can see ... bag. Whose ... bag is that? There is no ... bed in ... room. On ... small table near ... window there are ... flowers and ... glass of ... water. In ... front of ... window we can see ... armchair.

26 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Артикль 27


Перед названиями наук, учебных предметов и язы­ков1 артикль не употребляется.

E.g. He studies chemistry. I speak English.

Упражнение 28

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... English is ... world language. 2. I study ... English. I attend ... English classes in ... evening. On ... days when I have no ... classes, I stay at ... home and do some work about ... house. I have ... dinner with my ... family. After ... dinner I talk to ... members of my ... family, watch ... TV and read ... books, ... newspapers and ... magazines. I go to ... bed late at ... night. 3. I am thirsty. Give me ... water, please. 4. There is ... book on ... table. Give me ... book, please. 5. I enjoy listening to ... music but I don't really like ... music that that man plays on his ... guitar. 6. What did you have for ... lunch? — I only had ... tuna sandwich. 7. He is ... wonder­ful ... teacher. He teaches ... history.

Упражнение 29

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. When my grandfather was ... young man, he studied ... physics. 2. Do you speak ... Spanish? 3. My uncle is ... great specialist in ... biology. 4. ...

1 Если после названия языка не стоит слово "language". В противном случае употребляется определенный артикль. Е. g. S_ Chinese is difficult.

The Chinese language is difficult.


Japanese is more difficult than ... French. 5. We listened to ... very interesting lecture on ... English literature yesterday. 6. Yesterday at ... lesson of ... geography ... teacher told us ... very interesting things about ... famous travellers. 7. My father speaks ... English and ... French, but he does not speak ... German. 8. We had ... lesson of ... math­ematics yesterday. We wrote ... paper in ... mathematics. ... teacher said, "I shall correct ... pa­pers in ... evening. Tomorrow you will know ... re­sults".

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

to play £_ chess to play the piano

to play «f football to play the guitar

out of s doors

Упражнение 30

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... name is Charlie. I come from ... pretty big ... family. I have two ... brothers and ... sister. I am ... oldest and my ... sister is ... youngest; she plays ... violin really well and wants to be ... profes­sional ... musician. She has other ... hobbies, too, and she often goes swimming with her ... friends if ... weather is nice. 2. Do you play ... piano? 3. There is ... big black piano in our living room. It is at ... wall to ... left of ... door opposite ... sideboard. My mother likes to play ... piano. She often plays ... pi­ano in ... evening. 4. ... boys like to play ... foot­ball. 5. What do you do in ... evening? — I often play ... chess with my grandfather. 6. Where are ...

28 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Артикль


29


children? — Oh, they are out of ... doors. ... weather is fine today. They are playing ... badminton in ... yard. 7. What... games does your sister like to play? — She likes to play ... tennis. 8. Do you like to play ... guitar? 9. What ... colour is your guitar?

Запомните, что перед обращением артикль опускается:

E.g. What are you doing, s children?

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in a loud voice in a thin voice

in a low voice in a tiny voice

in an angry voice in a trembling voice

in a high voice in a weak voice

in a kind voice in a ... voice

Упражнение 31

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

It was ... hot day. ... sun was shining brightly in ... blue sky. ... wolf and ... lamb met at ... stream. ... water in ... stream was cool and clear. ... wolf saw that ... lamb was fat and wanted to eat it. He began to shout, "You, ... fool, you are making ... water dirty!" ... lamb was afraid. It looked at... wolf and said in ... thin voice, "But, ... Mr. Wolf, I can­not make ... water dirty for you from ... place where I am standing, because ... stream runs from you to me." "Stop talking!" shouted ... wolf in ... angry


voice. "I know you! I met you six months ago, and you were very rude to me." "You are wrong, ... Mr. Wolf," cried ... lamb, "you could not have met me six months ago: I am only four ... months old." "Never mind," said ... wolf, "if it wasn't you, it was your brother." And with these ... words he seized ... poor lamb and carried it into ... wood.

Запомните, что перед превосходной степенью при­лагательных употребляется определенный артикль:

E.g. Asia is the largest continent.

My brother is the best pupil in his class.

Упражнение 32

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Bill Robins was ... very rich man. He was ... richest man in ... village. 2. Pete is ... tallest boy in our class. Nick is ... shortest boy, but he is very ... strong. He is ... stronger than many boys who are ... taller than he. I think Nick is ... strongest boy in ... class. 3. Granny often tells us ... long stories. Today her story was still ... longer. It was ... long­est story. She began telling it after ... dinner and finished only before ... supper. But... story was very interesting. I think it was ... most interesting of Granny's stories. 4. Which was ... most difficult exercise in ... paper? 5. Which is ... best season of the year? 6. February is ... shortest month of the year. 7. Do you know ... longest river in our coun­try? 8. In ... May ... days are ... longer than in ... April.

30 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Артикль


31


Запомните правила употребления артикля с географическими названиями:

Определенный артикль употребляется перед назва­ниями рек, каналов, морей, заливов, проливов, океа­нов, архипелагов, горных цепей.

Артикль не употребляется перед названиями озер, отдельных горных вершин, отдельных островов, го­родов, стран, континентов.

Исключения:

the United States of America

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland the Netherlands the Ukraine the Crimea the Congo

Упражнение 33

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.... Moscow is situated on ... Moscow River. ... Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is ... canal called ... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ... Volga runs into ... Cas­pian Sea. 2. Several rivers run into ... sea at ... New York. ... most important is ... Hudson River which empties into ... Atlantic Ocean. Besides ... Hudson there are ... two other rivers: ... East River and ... Harlem River. 3. In ... Siberia there are many long rivers: ... Ob, ... Irtysh, ... Yenissei, ... Lena and ... Amur. 4. ... Altai Mountains are ... higher than ... Urals. 5. There is ... splendid ... view of ... Lake Ge­neva from this hotel. 6. My ... friends have travelled a lot. This ... year they are going to fly to ... Canary Islands. 7. Which river flows through ... London? —


... Thames. 8. Of which country is ... Washington ... capital? — ... United States. 9. ... United King­dom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 10. Chicago is on ... Lake Michigan.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in the north to the north

in toe south to toe south

in toe east to toe east

in toe west to toe west

Упражнение 34

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Russia occupies ... eastern half of ... Eu­rope and ... northern third of ... Asia. 2. ... climate of ... northern part of ... Russia is severe. 3. This winter is ... true Russian winter with ... hard frosts. 4. It is warm in ... Crimea and ... Caucasus. 5. ... Washington is ... capital of ... United States of America. 6. I want to go to ... New York some day. 7. ... best way to know and understand ... people of ... other countries is to meet them in their own homes. 8. Is ... Australia ... island or ... continent?

9. ... Red Sea is between ... Africa and ... Asia.

10. There are seven continents on ... Earth. 11. ...
France is to ... north of ... Italy
.

Упражнение 35

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Neva flows into ... Gulf of ... Finland. 2. ... Pacific Ocean is very deep. 3. ... Urals are not very

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

high. 4. ... Kazbek is ... highest peak of ... Cauca­sus. 5. ... Alps are covered with ... snow. 6. ... Shet­land Islands are situated to ... north of ... Great Britain. 7. ... USA is ... largest country in ... America. 8. ... Crimea is washed by ... Black Sea.

9. ... Lake Baikal is ... deepest lake in ... world.

10. ... Paris is ... capital of ... France.

11. Lomonosov was born in ... small village on ...
shore of ... White Sea. 12. Gogol was born in ...
Ukraine in 1809. 13. ... Caucasus separates ... Black
Sea from ... Caspian Sea. 14. ... Europe and ...
America are separated by ... Atlantic Ocean. 15. ...
Baltic Sea is stormy in winter. 16. There are many
small islands in ... Pacific Ocean. 17. ... North Sea
separates ... British Isles from ... Europe. 18. ... Bal­
kans are old mountains. 19. ... Nile flows across ...
northeastern part of ... Africa to ... Mediterranean
Sea. 20. Which are ... highest mountains in ...
Russia?

Упражнение 36

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Thames is ... short river. 2. ... Russia is washed by ... Arctic Ocean in ... north. 3. Kiev is to ... south of ... Moscow. 4. ... Europe is ... continent. 5. ... Moscow is ... capital of ... Russia. 6. Is ... Asia ... island or ... continent? 7. ... Black Sea is in ... south of our country. 8. ... White Sea is in ... north of our country. 9. This is ... map of ... world. Can you read ... map? What can you see on ... map? What ... colour are ... valleys on ... map? 10. Petrov is ... architect. He is ... experienced architect. He is in ... Far East. He has ... wife. His wife is ... typist. They have ... son and ... daughter. 11. ... Philippines are situated to ... southeast of ... Asia.


Артикль 33

Упражнение 37

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... pen. It is ... good pen. ... pen is black. It is on ... table. 2. I have got ... dog. ... dog's name is Spot. He is ... big grey dog. ... dog is very strong. 3. My friend has ... sister. Her name is Ann. ... girl is ... pupil. 4. We have ... picture in ... living room. ... picture is very good. It is on ... wall. 5. ... Irish Sea is between ... Great Britain and ... Ireland. 6. There is ... map on ... wall of ... classroom. It is ... map of ... world. There are many seas and lakes on ... map. This is ... Mediterranean Sea and that is ... Red Sea. These are ... Himalayas. They are ... highest mountains in ... world. 7. We live in ... St. Petersburg. ... St. Petersburg is ... very large city. It is one of ... largest cities in ... Russia. 8. My brother is ... doctor. His flat is in ... centre of ... city. It is in ... new house. There are three rooms in ... flat. ... living room is .. largest of all. It is ... nice light room. There are ... pictures on ... walls. There is ... round table in ... middle of ... room. There is ... sofa at ... wall with ... large thick carpet in ... front of it. ... study and ... bedroom are small, but very comfortable.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

to have a good time from s morning till s night all o£ day long a lot of

2 Ю. Голицынский

34 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Артикль


35


Упражнение 38

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Did you have ... good time in the country? — Oh, yes. ... weather was fine. We were out of ... doors from ... morning till ... night. We played ... football, ... volleyball and ... other games. We came ... home late at ... night and went to ... bed at once. 2. Look at ... clock! It is ... quarter past ten. Go to ... bed at once. 3. ... sun rises in ... east and sets in ... west. 4. We spent last summer in ... Ukraine, in ... little village on ... bank of ... big river with ... very warm water. There was ... wood on ... other side of ... river. We often went to ... wood and gathered ... lot of ... mushrooms. 5. My friend likes to play ... chess. He is ready to play ... chess all ... day long. He is ... best chess player in our school.

Перед названиями университетов артикль не употребляется.

E.g. I shall study at s St. Petersburg University.

My grandfather graduated

from s Oxford University.

Упражнение 39

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Teckle comes from ... very old country on ... Nile. It is called ... Ethiopia. ... Ethiopia is ... beau­tiful mountainous country. Teckle is ... young man. He wants to become ... engineer. He is very happy to be ... student of ... St. Petersburg University. He


spends ... lot of time at ... library reading and stud­ying different subjects. Very often in ... evening his new friends and he walk about ... city talking about their native countries. 2. Galina lives in ... Ukraine. She lives in ... small village near ... Odessa. She is ... librarian. She always has ... lot of ... work. Gali­na wants to enter ... Moscow University and now she is preparing for ... entrance exams. 3. My friend lives in ... America. He is ... student. He studies ... history at ... Harvard University. 4. Every year, thousands of ... students come to ... Cambridge from overseas to study ... English. Use, ... German student, graduated from ... Cambridge University two ... years ago.

Упражнение 40

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

When we want to write ... letter, we take ... piece of ... paper and ... pen. We first write our ... ad­dress and ... date in ... right-hand corner. Then on ... left-hand side we write ... greeting. We may write, for instance, "My dear brother," "Dear Hen­ry," etc., and then on ... next line we begin ... body of ... letter. We must not forget to leave ... ;background: #ffffff; line-height: 0.15in"> Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание:

What's the use?

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Артикль 37


Упражнение 41

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Once there lived ... man who was very fond of ... gold. He used to say, "While I have my gold, I am ... happiest man in ... world." And so all his life he saved ... money. One day he was travelling in ... desert of ... North Africa. He lost his way. He had no ... food or ... water. He was almost dying of ... hunger. He was so weak that he could not walk, he could only crawl. ... heat was terrible. There were only ... stones and ... sand around. Just then he saw ... bag lying on ... sand. He hoped that he would find ... food in it and ... water, too. He crawled up to ... bag and opened it. He saw that ... bag was full of ... gold. What is ... use of ... gold to ... hungry man in ... desert? He left ... bag on ... hot sand, crying bit­terly, "I am ... most unhappy man in ... world."


theatre, but I am very busy. I work from ... morn­ing till ... night. I even have no ... time to play ... piano. 4. Oleg has ... lot of ... interesting books at ... home. 5. ... lot of ... tourists from ... different countries come to ... St. Petersburg. They want to see one of ... most beautiful cities in ... world. 6. My new friend said to me, "I am ... student in ... first year at Harvard." 7. We went to ... cinema in ... evening. 8. What ... foreign languages does your father speak? — He speaks ... English. He studied ... English at ... school. 9. I am interested in ... his­tory. 10. We played ... tennis at ... lesson of ... physical training yesterday. We had ... good time. 11. Did you go for ... walk yesterday? — No, we didn't. ... weather was bad, and we went to ... cine­ma. 12. What are your friends doing? — Mary is playing ... piano. Tom and Nick are playing ... chess.


Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

to the cinema at the cinema

to the theatre at the theatre

to the shop at the shop

to the market at the market

to go for a walk

Упражнение 42

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Let's go to ... shop. I must buy ... bread and ... milk. 2. I was at ... cinema yesterday. — What ... film did you see? — Oh, I saw ... very good film. I think it is ... best film of ... year. 3. Do you often go to ... theatre? — No, I don't. I like to go to ...


Упражнение 43

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Three men came to ... New York for ... holiday. They came to ... very large hotel and took ... room there. Their room was on ... forty-fifth floor. In ... evening ... friends went to ... theatre and came back to ... hotel very late. "I am very sorry," said ... clerk of ... hotel, "but ... lifts do not work tonight. If you don't want to walk up to your room, we shall make ... beds for you in ... hall." "No, no," said one of ... friends, "no, thank you. We don't want to sleep in ... hall. We shall walk up to our room." Then he turned to his friends and said, "It is not easy to walk up to ... forty-fifth floor, but we shall make it easier. On ... way to ... room I shall tell you some jokes; then you, Andy, will sing us some songs; then you, Peter, will tell us some interesting stories." So they

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began walking up to their room. Tom told them many jokes; Andy sang some songs. At last they came to ... thirty-sixth floor. They were tired and decided to have ... rest. "Well," said Tom, "now it is your turn, Peter. After all ... jokes, I would like to hear ... sad story. Tell us ... long and interesting story with ... sad end." "... story which I am going to tell you," said Peter, "is sad enough. We left ... key to our room in ... hall."


... morning Swift asked ... servant why he had not cleaned ... boots. "What's ... use cleaning ... boots now?" said ... servant. "... roads are muddy, and ... boots will soon be dirty again." "All right," said ... writer. "Let's go. We must continue ... journey." "But I haven't had ... breakfast," said ... displeased servant. "Well, what's ... use giving you ... break­fast now?" said Swift. "You will soon be hungry again."


Запомните следующие конструкции:

The famous English writer Dickens lived in the 19th century.

Dickens, a famous English writer, lived in the 19th century.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

on S horseback on / board a ship


Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in fact the same

Запомните употребление артикля в восклицатель­ных предложениях, начинающихся со слова what:

What a good boy! What a long story! What a day!


Упражнение 44

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Swift, ... famous English writer, was travelling one day on ... horseback with his servant. ... weather was bad, it was raining, and ... roads were muddy. In ... evening the two1 men came to ... inn. Before going to ... bed Swift told his servant to clean his boots. But ... servant was lazy and did not do it. In

1 Обратите внимание на употребление определенного артик­ля перед количественным числительным. В этом случае опре­деленный артикль имеет значение „эти"; „эти двое мужчин"; „эти два человека".


Упражнение 45

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

In ... small town in ... East there was once ... man who had ... parrot. ... parrot was taught to say ... words, "There is no doubt about it." It used to re­peat these words all ... day long. Every time it was asked ... question, it gave ... same answer, "There is no doubt about it." One day ... man decided to sell ... bird; so he put ... parrot into ... cage and went to ... market with it. "Twenty pounds for ... very clever parrot!" he cried. ... man who was passing by heard this and turned to ... parrot. "Are you worth twenty pounds?" he asked. "There is no doubt about it!"

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answered ... parrot. "What ... clever parrot!" said ... man and bought ... bird. He took ... parrot home and invited his friends to look at ... clever bird. ... friends came and looked at ... parrot and talked to it. Now you must know that ... man was not rich. In ... fact, he was often short of ... money. So ... week or two later, sitting in ... armchair and looking at ... parrot, he said, "What... fool I was to throw away such ... lot of ... money!" "There is no doubt about it!" cried ... parrot. And this time ... bird was right.

Упражнение 46

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... train stopped at ... little station. ... passenger looked out of the window of ... train carriage and saw ... woman selling ... cakes. ... man had not had ... breakfast in ... morning. He was hungry and wanted to buy ... cake. ... woman was standing rather far from ... carriage. ... man did not want to go and buy ... cake himself because he was afraid to miss ... train. He saw ... boy who was walking along ... platform near ... carriage. He called ... boy and asked him, "How much does ... cake cost?" "Three­pence, sir," answered ... boy. ... man gave him a six­pence and said, "Bring me ... cake, and with ... other threepence buy ... cake for yourself." ... boy took ... money and went to ... woman. A few minutes later ... boy returned. He was eating ... cake. He gave ... man threepence change and said, "... woman had only one cake, sir."

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

it's {_ high time to take care of

to take s aim such a ...


Упражнение 47

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... crow once said to her children, "It's ... high time for you to look for ... food." With these words she turned them out of ... nest and took them to ... field. But ... crow's children did not like ... idea. "We'd rather go back to ... nest," they cried. "It's so nice when you bring ... food to us!" "Indeed!" said their mother. "You are big enough to feed your­selves. My mother turned me out of ... nest when I was much younger, and I had to take ... care of myself." "But... people will kill us with their guns," said ... young crows. "No ... fear of that," answered their mother. "Before ... people shoot, they take ... aim, and that takes ... time. When you see ... man raising ... gun to his face, you must just fly away." "That's ... simple thing to do," said ... children, "but supposing ... man or ... boy wants to throw ... stone at us: in such ... case he won't have to take ... aim." "Well, then he will have to bend down to pick up ... stone," said ... crow. "But what if he carries ... stone in his hand ready?" "Why, if you are clever enough to think of that," said ... mother, "you are clever enough to take ... care of yourselves." And she flew away leaving ... young crows in ... field.

Упражнение 48

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... Russia is such ... large country that when it is night in one part of ... country, it is day in another part, when it is winter in one part of ... country, it is already summer in another. Imagine it is ... be­ginning of ... May now. It is spring in ... St. Petersburg. ... weather is fine. It is still cool at...

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night, but it is quite warm in ... afternoon. It some­times rains, but ... rain is warm, too. ... ground is covered with ... soft green grass, and ... trees are covered with ... green leaves. But while it is spring in St. Petersburg, it is still winter in ... north of our country at ... beginning of ... May. Here it is cold and sometimes frosty, ... rivers and ... seas are cov­ered with ... ice. ... ice does not melt in some places even in summer. ... ground is covered with ... deep snow. In ... south of our country ... weather is quite different. It is already summer in ... Cauca­sus. It is much warmer than in St. Petersburg. It is sometimes even hot. ... sky is usually cloudless and it seldom rains here. People wear ... summer clothes.

Упражнение 49

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Is this ... interesting book? Is this ... very in­teresting book? Is this ... very interesting book you have spoken about so much? It is such ... interest­ing book. Is it ... same book you have recommended to us? 2. She is ... teacher. She is ... good teacher. She is ... teacher of our school. She is ... teacher of ... English. Here is ... teacher, ask her about... ques­tions which interest you. 3. There is ... word in ... text which I cannot understand. There is ... very difficult word, too, which I cannot pronounce. Here is ... word I was looking up in the dictionary. This word is ... adverb. 4. ... first men were vegetarians. 5. Serfdom was abolished in ... Russia in ... 19th century. 6. Columbus, who discovered ... America, was ... native of ... Genoa. 7. ... Rome is ... ancient town. 8. ... Ireland, ... Scotland and ... Wales are


parts of ... United Kingdom. 9. What is ... name of ... ocean between ... America and ... Asia? — ... Pa­cific. 10. Last summer I visited ... Switzerland and ... Germany. 11. ... Amsterdam is ... capital of ... Netherlands.

Упражнение 50

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Once there lived ... king. His name was Midas. He had ... little daughter. They lived in ... beautiful palace with ... wonderful garden around it. Now ... king was very fond of ... gold. He loved ... gold more than anything else in ... world. One day, when ... king was looking at his gold, ... young man appeared before him. "You are ... very rich man, Midas," said ... young man. "Yes," said ... king, "but I would like to be richer. I would like to have ... golden touch. I want everything that I touch to turn into ... gold." ... young man was ... magician, and he gave ... king ... golden touch which he wanted to have. ... king was very happy. He touched ... table, and ... table became gold. He went into ... garden. There were ... beautiful roses in ... garden. He touched ... roses, and they also became gold. ... king's daughter, who loved ... roses very much, saw it and began to cry. "Don't cry, ... dear daughter," said ... king and touched his daughter's head. ... next moment ... girl turned into ... beautiful gold statue.

Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание:

The fact is (was) that ...

44 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Обратите внимание на употребление артикля со словом other (другой):

another другой (неопределенный), какой-то дру­гой, еще один (во множественном числе или перед неисчиспяемым существительным other);

the other другой (определенный), тот другой, другой из двух.

Упражнение 51

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... group of ... farmers were sitting in ... village house, and among ... other things they began talk­ing about ... echoes. One of ... farmers said that there was ... wonderful echo in ... field near his farm where there was ... large group of ... trees. All ... other farmers said that they would like to hear ... echo, and ... farmer invited them to come ... next afternoon. But ... fact was that ... farmer did not really have ... echo he had told ... other farmers about. So when he came ... home, he sent for ... son of ... cook and told him to go to ... field, hide him­self among ... trees and imitate everything that was said. ... next day ... other farmers came, and ... farmer took them to ... field to listen to ... wonder­ful echo. When they were in ... field, he shouted at ... top of his voice, "Are you there?" The answer came back, "Yes, I've been here for two hours!"

Упражнение 52

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

It was ... nice summer day. ... weather was fine, ... sun was shining in ... blue sky, ... air was fra-


Артикль 45

grant with ... smell of ... grass and ... flowers. ... dog which was running about ... streets of ... little town saw ... butcher's ... stall with ... lot of ... meat. ... dog cautiously approached ... stall and, when ... butcher turned away to talk to ... woman, quickly seized ... big piece of ... meat and ran away with it. On ... way home ... dog had to cross ... stream by ... narrow bridge. As he was crossing, he looked down into ... stream and saw his reflection in ... water. He thought it was ... other dog with ... other piece of ... meat. He snapped at ... reflection and dropped his own piece of ... meat. That's how ... dog was pun­ished for ... greediness.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

at sunrise at sunset

in the country in s town

to the country to s town

by s bus by {_ tram by ± train by car

Упражнение 53

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

On ... Sunday our family went to ... country. We got up at ... sunrise and quickly had ... breakfast. After ... breakfast we left ... home. There is ... lit­tle village not far from ... St. Petersburg where we have ... friends. We went there by ... train. We had ... very good time in ... country. ... weather was fine, ... sky was blue and ... sun was shining. We stayed out of ... doors all ... day long. We played ... volley­ball and ... tennis. We returned to ... town late in

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... evening. When we came ... home, we had ... sup­per and went to ... bed at once.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in *f spring in s autumn

in S summer in £ winter

Упражнение 54

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Look at ... sky. It is covered with ... dark clouds. Let's hurry ... home. 2. It was very pleasant to live in ... country in ... summer. ... weather was fine and it seldom rained. Summer is ... fine season. 3. How lovely ... night is! There are no ... clouds in ... sky and ... air is so fresh. 4. When spring comes, ... sun shines brighter, ... snow melts, ... days be­come longer. 5. Winter is ... good time for sports. 6. On ... Sunday my friend and I usually go to ... country. We ski, skate, play ... snowballs and have ... very good time. 7. ... fog is so dense that it is

difficult to walk. 8. My friend is ... very good chess

player. 9. In ... summer we lived in ... country and

went up to ... town by ... train. 10. Tomorrow is ...

Sunday. If it is too hot in ... town, we shall go to ...

country. And on ... Monday we shall come back.

11. ... Autumn is ... most beautiful ... season of ...

year.

Упражнение 55

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Last Tuesday ... evening, when ... whole family was at ... home, ... burglar came into ... house and


stole $500! When we discovered ... theft, we called ... police. Because ... burglar's ... shoes were wet and dirty, ... detective could follow his ... footprints. Here is what ... burglar did. He broke in through ... front door. It was locked, so he broke ... lock. Dad was reading ... newspaper in ... study near ... front door. He was facing ... big window, so he didn't see ... man, and because he was also listening to ... loud ... music, he didn't hear him. It was raining and there was ... thunder, so there was ... lot of ... noise outside, too. ... burglar crossed ... hall to ... kitchen. Mum was making ... pot of ... tea, so he didn't go into ... kitchen. ... man went back across ... hall and looked into ... dining room. No one was in there. He looked through all ... drawers and found $300. But this wasn't enough. He came out of ... dining room and went upstairs. Tom was doing his ... homework in his ... bedroom and listening to his ... Walkman. ... burglar went past Tom's ... room. Sally was tak­ing ... shower and singing at ... top of her ... lungs. He went into ... TV room. He opened everything but found nothing. Then he left ... TV room, went back down ... stairs and into ... kitchen. Mum was sitting in ... living room with Dad. ... burglar was very quiet! He found $200 in ... old ... teapot on ... top shelf of ... left kitchen cupboard. Then ... man went out through ... French window in ... dining room. It wasn't locked, so it was easy to get out. ... police couldn't believe it! We never heard ... burglar!

Упражнение 56

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My brother read to me ... extract from ... book which he had brought ... day before. ... main char­acter of ... book is ... young doctor who went to ...

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distant village in ... Siberia. 2. ... weather was very bad in ... October. 3. When he came into ... room, he saw ... man sitting on ... sofa. He at once remem­bered that it was ... man he had seen at ... theatre ... night before. 4. Yesterday I saw ... film you are speaking about. 5. He took ... taxi and gave ... ad­dress to ... driver. 6. Tower Bridge is ... first bridge over ... Thames coming from ... sea. Built in 1894, it is ... suspension bridge. ... central portion of it can be opened to admit ... ships to ... docks in this part of ... river. When ... ship arrives, ... traffic is stopped and ... great bridge opens in ... centre: its two halves go up into ... air and ... ship passes through.


cafe could speak ... French. Then ... Frenchman took ... piece of ... paper and ... pencil and drew the pic­ture of ... mushroom. ... waiter looked at ... picture and left ... room at once. Five minutes later he re­turned with ... umbrella.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

after a while

from place to ^ place


Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

It was morning. It was evening.

It was daytime. It was s night.

Упражнение 57

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Once ... Frenchman was travelling in ... Sweden. He stopped at ... hotel in ... little Swedish town. It was ... evening, ... man was tired, so he went to ... bed at once. In ... morning he had ... breakfast in ... hotel restaurant. After ... breakfast he went for ... walk. He walked along ... streets of ... town, visited ... museum and ... shops. Presently he felt hungry and dropped into ... cafe for ... lunch. He sat down at ... table, called ... waiter and ordered ... mush­rooms. But ... Frenchman did not know ... Swedish and ... waiter did not know ... French. Nobody in ...


Упражнение 58

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... guide was once showing ... group of ... rich American tourists ... places of ... interest in ... lit­tle town in ... south of ... Italy. He took ... tourists from ... place to ... place, but as ... town was small, after ... while ... guide could not think of anything that might be of ... interest to ... Americans. "Tell us something unusual about ... weather or ... climate of this place," said ... American lady to ... guide. "What can I tell her about our climate?" thought ... guide. Then he had ... idea. "Well," he said, "there is one unusual thing about our climate. One can eas­ily notice that the wind here always blows from ... west." "Really?" said ... lady in ... surprised tone, "What ... interesting thing!" But ... other tourist said, "You must be wrong. Look! ... wind is blowing from ... east now!" At ... first moment ... guide did not know what to say. But he was ... clever man and soon found ... way out. "Oh," he said, "is that so? Well, then it must be ... west wind coming back."

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Упражнение 59

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... English king Richard the Lion-Hearted was ... tall, strong man. He was very proud of his strength and liked to show ... people how strong he was. Once, as he was riding on ... horseback in ... countryside, his horse lost ... shoe. Luckily he was not far from ... village and soon he found ... blacksmith. "Give me ... good horseshoe," he said to ... man. ... black­smith gave ... king ... horseshoe. Richard took it in his hand and broke it in two. "This horseshoe is no good," he said, "give me ... better one." ... black­smith did not say ... word. He gave ... king ... other horseshoe, but Richard broke it, too. The blacksmith gave him a third shoe. This time Richard was satis­fied and ordered ... blacksmith to shoe his horse. When ... work was done, Richard offered ... man ... coin. ... blacksmith took ... coin between his fingers and broke it in two. Now it was Richard's turn to be surprised. He took ... larger coin out of his pocket and handed it to ... blacksmith. ... man broke it, too, saying, "This coin is no good, give me ... better one." Richard smiled and gave ... man ... gold coin.

Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание:

to set s sail

Упражнение 60

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

In ... fifteenth century ... people knew only three continents: ... Europe, ... Asia and ... Africa. They


knew nothing about such ... big continent as ... America. ... man who discovered ... America was born in 1451 in ... Italy. His name was Christopher Columbus. He became ... sailor at ... early age. Knowing that ... Earth was round, he decided to reach ... India sailing to ... west. He tried to arrange ... expedition, but did not have ... money, and no­body wanted to help him. At last ... king of ... Spain gave him ... money for ... expedition. He set ... sail in 1492. ... voyage was very dangerous and difficult. On ... 12th of ... October his ship reached ... land. When they landed, they saw ... strange trees and ... flowers. ... men and ... women with ... olive-coloured skins gathered around ... sailors and looked at them with ... great surprise. Columbus was sure that he had discovered ... new way to ... India. Some time later ... other sailor reached ... America. ... name of ... sailor was Amerigo Vespucci. He understood that it was ... new continent.

Упражнение 61

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. He's looking for ... plain shirt, but all ... shirts are striped. 2. I'm looking for ... pair of ... black pants. 3. She's looking for ... blouse. Polka-dot ... blouses are very popular this ... summer. 4. I bought ... new hat yesterday. ... shop assistant said it was ... latest style. 5. I want to ask you to accompany me to ... shop. I must buy ... dress. 6. Where did you buy this overcoat? — I bought it at ... big store in Nevsky Prospect on ... Tuesday. 7. My sister bought ... blue hat on ... Wednesday. ... colour suits her very nicely as she has got ... blue eyes. 8. I must buy ... pair of ... new gloves. 9. Where is ... shoe

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department? — It is on ... third floor. 10. I think ... coat is a little tight. 11. We came to ... big store to find out if we could have ... suit made to order. 12. I don't like ... hat you have chosen. ... colour is not becoming to you. 13. Here is ... department of ready-made clothes. Let's go in and see if we can buy ... nice pair of ... trousers for you. 14. I am going to give him ... tie as ... birthday present.

Упражнение 62

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Mr. Jones was ... teacher of ... physics at ... school. He was fond of the experimental method in ... physics and often told his pupils to use this method. One day Mr. Jones came to ... school on ... new bicycle. ... bicycle had ... pair of ... pneumatic tyres, which had just been invented, and none of ... pupils had ever seen them. During ... lesson ... teacher took ... pupils into ... school yard and showed them ... new invention. "Now, ... children," he said, "who can tell me what is inside this tyre that makes it so hard and yet so elastic?" ... boys touched ... tyres. "... cotton wool," said one of them. " ... steel springs," said ... other. "Oh no," said ... teacher, "you are wrong." Suddenly ... little boy, who was standing beside ... bicycle, cried out, looking very happy, "I know what it is! There's ... wind inside." Mr. Jones smiled and said, "You are " "Well, I used ... experimental method," said ... boy, "I stuck ... nail into ... tyre, and some wind-came out of it." For ... first time in his life Mr. Jones did not like ... use of ... experimental method.


Упражнение 63

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Everyone in our country knows Lomonosov, ... founder of ... first Russian university. 2. Nekrasov, ... famous Russian poet, described ... life of ... Rus­sian peasants. 3. I don't want to miss ... concert which will take place at ... Philharmonic on ... 15th of ... April. 4. He graduated from ... university six years ago. Now he is ... scientist. And though he is ... young scientist, his name is well known. 5. My aunt is ... teacher of ... physics. 6. Yesterday I read ... book by Dickens, ... famous English writer. 7. I am sorry, I don't know ... way to ... nearest cafe. I am ... stranger here myself. 8. ... town I was born in is on ... Volga. 9. Who is ... author of this book? 10. ... quarter of ... hour was left before ... begin­ning of ... concert. We entered ... hall and saw ... group of ... pupils of our school. We joined them.

Упражнение 64

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. During ... vacation I attended some interest­ing lectures. I remember two of ... lectures best of all. They were about ... Russian music. 2. I am sure he won't stay in ... town for ... vacation. 3. Two weeks are left before ... end of ... school year. ... ex­aminations are coming. On ... first of ... June we shall take ... exam in ... literature. 4. Today is my day off. I am going to spend ... day in ... country. 5. My brother brought ... new book yesterday. When I looked at ... title, I was very glad: it was ... book which I had wanted to get for ... long time. 6. My sis­ter is acquainted with ... actor who played ... leading part in ... play you saw yesterday. 7. What ... river

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is ... longest in ... Europe? — Why, what ... strange question to ask! Any schoolboy can tell you that it is ... Volga. 8. I am afraid you will have ... lot of ... trouble with this business. 9. ... day was not bright yesterday. ... sky was covered with ... clouds.

Упражнение 65

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I knew ... man who had travelled very much in his life. He had visited many ... countries in ... east and in ... west. He loved ... children and often told them ... interesting stories. I remember some of ... stories which he told me. One of ... stories was about ... adventure he had had in ... London. He was ... young man at that time and was interested in ... his­tory of ... architecture. One day he visited one of ... towers of ... Houses of ... Parliament. He came out on to ... balcony of ... tower and began to look at ... ornaments on ... walls. Then he climbed up on ... roof. Suddenly ... man came running to him and seized him by ... arm. He began shouting something in ... English, but my friend knew only a few words of ... English and did not understand him. ... En­glishman called ... policeman. ... fact was that he thought that ... Russian tourist wanted to kill him­self by jumping from ... top of ... tower. Later, when everything became clear, they laughed ... lot over it.

Упражнение 66

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

One ... day ... father and his ... rich ... family took his ... son on ... trip to ... country with ... firm


... purpose of showing him how poor ... people can be. They spent ... day and ... night at ... farm of ... very poor family. When they returned from their ... trip, ... father asked his ... son, "How was ... trip?" "Very good, Dad!" "Did you see how poor ... people can be?" ... father asked. "Yeah!" "And what did you learn?" ... son replied: "I saw that we have ... dog at ... home, and they have four. We have ... pool that reaches to ... middle of ... garden; they have ... river that has no ... end. We have ... imported lamps in ... garden; they have ... stars. Our ... pa­tio reaches to ... front yard; they have ... whole ho­rizon." When ... little boy finished speaking, his ... father was speechless. His ... son added, "Thanks, Dad, for showing me how poor we are."

Упражнение 67

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... room in which ... boys were fed was ... large stone hall, with ... copper at one end, out of which ... cook took ... gruel which he put into each bowl at ... mealtimes. Each boy had one portion of ... gruel, and no more, and on ... Sundays they had two ounces and ... quarter of ... bread besides. ... bowls never needed washing — ... boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again. At last ... boys got so wild with ... hunger that one boy said he was afraid he would some night eat ... boy who slept next to him. ... boys believed him. ... council was held. Oliver was chosen to go up to ... cook that evening after ... supper and ask for more. ... evening arrived, and ... boys took their places. ... cook stood at ... copper. ... gruel was served out and disappeared. Then Oliver rose from ... table and advancing to ... cook, said in ... weak voice, "Please, sir, I want some

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more." ... cook was ... healthy man, but he turned pale. "What?" said he in ... trembling voice. ... man could not believe his ears.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

to go on strike to be on strike

Упражнение 68

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Many years ago ... London theatre performed ... play in which there was ... great storm on the sea. In those days ... theatres had no ... machines. That is why ... manager engaged ... several boys to make ... waves of ... sea. They jumped up and down under ... big piece of ... sea-green cloth. ... boys received ... shilling ... night for their work. They worked for ... several weeks. But then ... manager decided to pay them less ... money — only sixpence ... night. So ... boys decided to go on ... strike. During ... per­formance, when ... storm began, when ... wind blew and it was raining, ... sea remained calm — there was not... single wave on it. ... angry manager lifted one corner of ... "sea" and said to ... boys, "Make ... waves, ... boys, make ... waves!" "Do you want ... waves for ... shilling or for sixpence?" asked ... boy in ... loud voice. "Oh, for ... shilling," answered ... manager. ... boys began to jump up and down, and did it so well, that ... storm looked quite real.

Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание:

the rest of the...


Упражнение 69

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

In the old days it was necessary for all ... parts of ... city to be close together, in order that ... de­fensive wall might surround it, and ... streets, there­fore, were made as narrow as possible. Many ... Eu­ropean cities began with ... walls round them. But in ... America there was little need for ... defensive walls, and that's why many ... American cities have been built on ... regular plan, modified a little ac­cording to ... natural surroundings. ... streets in ... American cities, instead of having ... names, are numbered, and so when one has once understood ... plan of ... American city, it is very easy to find one's way from one part of it to ... other. ... old part of ... New York lies in ... southern half of ... Manhattan Island, and there ... streets are narrow and twisted, as in ... towns of ... Old World. But ... rest of ... streets, with but few exceptions, all run in ... straight lines. There is one street in ... city, how­ever, that does not follow ... straight line. And that is Broadway, ... New York's most famous street. It starts within sight of ... dancing waters of ... har­bour and runs between ... tall skyscrapers in ... northwestern direction. This great street is ... long­est in ... world.

Упражнение 70

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... Africa is ... very large continent lying to ... south of ... Europe and to ... southwest of ... Asia to which it is joined by ... Isthmus of Suez. Less than one hundred years ago ... men knew almost nothing of ... middle of ... continent. ... travellers from ...

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Europe made ... long journeys into ... centre but they met with ... terrible difficulties, for ... conti­nent is covered with ... forests full of ... fearful wild animals. Some travellers died of ... hunger or ... thirst or ... strange illnesses, ... others were killed by ... lions, still ... others by .,. natives; but nevertheless bold men were found ready to go along ... rivers into ... heart of ... Africa. The merchants who came from ... European countries had much to sell, and here were ... millions of ... people ready to buy; here was ... country, ... richness of which was unimaginable.

Упражнение 71

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Robert Burns, ... son of ... small farmer in Ayr­shire, was born on ... 25th of ... January, 1759. His parents were poor, so Burns did not get a good educa­tion. He worked hard as ... ploughboy. He was fond of reading and always had ... ballad book before him at ... dinner. After ... death of his father Robert and his brother and sisters took over ... farm together. Working in ... fields Burns wrote many wonderful songs. However, things became so bad on ... farm, that... poet decided to go to ... Jamaica hoping to get ... job on ... plantation there. Luckily some friends helped Burns to publish ... book of poems. ... book was noticed and praised highly. In 1786 Burns went to ... Edinburgh, and his book of poems unlocked ... doors of ... rich Edinburgh houses to a peasant with such a wonderful talent. In 1788 he married Jean Armour and spent... peaceful and happy year. ... rest of his life story is ... tale of ... poet's hardships. ... hard life ruined ... poet's health, and on ... 21st of ... July, 1796 he died at ... age of thirty-seven.





следующие устойчивые

словосочетания:


in a day

in a

month

in a week

in a

year

Упражнение 72

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

"Is there ... post office near ... house you live in?"

"Yes, there is. Go to ... corner of ... street along which ... trams run. Then turn to ... left and walk ... short distance down ... street. Do not cross ... street, of course. You will see ... sign over ... door which says 'Post and Telegraph Office'."

"Thank you very much. I am sure I shall find it without ... difficulty. I must buy ... stamps, send ... telegram and ask whether they receive ... parcels there. I want to send ... parcel to ... old friend. It will be her birthday in ... week. Perhaps you can tell me where I can find ... shop that sells ... nice things that one can give as ... presents?"

"Yes, certainly. There's ... very good shop not far from here. You can easily walk there in a few min­utes. Go straight down ... street that you will see directly in ... front of you when you come out of ... post office till you come to ... wide street along which ... buses and ... trolleybuses run. Then turn to ... left again and almost immediately you will come to ... beautiful shop with ... big windows full of all sorts of ... things. I am sure you will find ... nice presents there."

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания: for s life a great deal

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Упражнение 73

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Until near ... end of ... 19th century it was the law in ... England that if ... man was unable to pay ... debt, even ... small one, he could be imprisoned. This imprisonment might very well be for ... life, as it was impossible for ... people in prison to work at their ordinary occupations and so make ... money to repay ... sum they had borrowed. If they had ... friends who could bring them ... materials to work with, they might work with their hands, sewing or making ... boots, for instance.

... great English novelist Charles Dickens knew ... great deal about the debtors' prisons from per­sonal experience, for when he was about ten, his fa­ther was imprisoned for debt, and ... whole family had to go and live with him in ... prison because they had nowhere else to live. ... mother and ... children, however, could leave ... place when they wished; but at ten o'clock every evening ... great gates were shut for the night, and no one could leave or enter until morning. Dickens described ... life in the debtors' prisons in some of his novels. It was largely because of Dickens' sharp criticism that ... English Govern­ment was finally forced to do away with ... debtors' prisons.

Упражнение 74

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

At ... beginning of ... 19th century ... little boy was born in ... family of John Dickens, ... clerk at ... office in ... Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had ... sister who was older than himself, and


there were several other children in ... family. When Charles was seven, he was sent to ... school. He was not... strong child. He did not like to play ... cricket or ... football and spent all his free time reading. In 1821 ... family went to ... London, and little Charles left behind him ... happiest years of his childhood. His father was in ... money difficulties, and ... fam­ily became poorer and poorer. ... boy had to give up his studies. Mr. Dickens was put into ... debtors' prison. Little Charles learned to know all ... horrors and cruelty of ... large capitalist city. He had to go to work at... blacking factory. He worked there from ... morning till ... night. When his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to ... school for some time. Soon he got work as ... clerk. Then he learned ... stenography and became ... reporter in Parlia­ment. In 1836 at ... age of 24 Charles Dickens pub­lished his first book. It was ... collection of ... sto­ries. ... title of ... book was "Sketches by Boz." These were followed by "Pickwick Papers" and "Oliver Twist" and many other famous novels. Charles Dick­ens is one of ... greatest writers of ... 19th century. His novels are now translated into most languages of ... world.

Упражнение 75

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

During ... American War of ... Independence, ... commander of ... small unit of soldiers was giving ... orders to his men about... heavy cannon that they were trying to lift to its place at ... top of some for­tifications. It was almost beyond their power to lift ... weight, and ... commander kept shouting ... en­couraging words. ... officer, not in uniform, was passing by, and he asked ... commander why he did

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not help ... soldiers. Greatly surprised, ... man turned round and said proudly, "Sir, I am ... corpo­ral!" "Oh, you are, are you?" replied ... officer: "I did not know that. I beg your pardon, Mr. Corpo­ral." Then he got off ... horse he was riding and, taking hold of ... rope that ... men were pulling at, he pulled with all his strength. And when ... cannon was in its place, he turned to ... little great man and said, "Mr. Corporal, when you have ... other job like this and have not enough ... men, send for your com­mander in chief, and I shall gladly come and help you." ... corporal was struck with ... astonishment. ... man who had helped his soldiers was George Washington.

Упражнение 76

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

William Shakespeare, ... greatest English play­wright, was born in 1564 in ... Stratford-upon-Avon in ... England. ... Stratford is ... small country town in ... farming district near ... centre of ... England. ... Avon, which is ... pretty river with ... grass and ... trees all along its banks, runs through ... Strat­ford. Not much is known of ... Shakespeare's father. He was ... farmer who, at ... different times of his life, sold ... meat and bought and sold ... wool. He was poor and was often in ... money difficulties. Also very little is known about ... life of his only son William. ... little house in which ... great writer was born still stands. It is now ... museum. William went to ... school in ... Stratford. In 1586 he went to ... London. Probably ... first work he did there was at one of the two theatres that were in ... London at that time. Then he became ... actor and soon began to write ... plays for ... company of actors to which


he belonged. Shakespeare bought ... largest house in his home town in 1597, but he did not spend much time there till 1610. He spent ... last years of his life mostly in ... Stratford, but he often visited ... London. He died in 1616.

Упражнение 77

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Last July, my ... 65-year-old father was on his ... daily run. It was ... unusually hot ... day, and he felt ... little sick, so he stopped to rest in ... shade. ... passerby asked if he needed help, but my ... fa­ther said, "No," figuring he'd be able to get... home. Minutes later, ... other person stopped. ... man rea­lized something was seriously wrong and called 911. That ... stranger saved my father's ... life. Dad suf­fered ... heart attack and was hospitalized for five ... days.

I cannot thank that ... passerby enough for get­ting involved and helping ... stranger when it would have been easier to walk away. Now, my ... father has many ... years left to enjoy his ... grandchildren.

Let everybody be ... Good Samaritans when they see ... need. ... life could depend on it.

Упражнение 78

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... young man attempted to rob ... store near my ... office. He bought ... bag of ... potato chips, and while ... clerk was making ... change, he attempted to grab ... money from ... cash register. When ... clerk quickly closed ... drawer, ... man tried to take ... cash register but it was so heavy, he couldn't lift

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it. He got angry. There was ... rack full of ... ciga­rettes in ... corner of ... store. He decided to grab ... cigarettes but ... clerk stopped him.

... man drove away empty-handed, but was spot­ted by ... police for driving ... stolen car. ... police pursued him with ... lights flashing and ... sirens blaring. He was soon arrested and charged with ... possession of ... stolen vehicle, careless and reckless driving and speeding. His ... fine was set at $2,000.

While being escorted, ... man asked if he could stop near ... store and get his ... potato chips, since he had paid for them. ... clerk at ... store identified him as ... man who tried to steal ... cash register, and he was charged with ... attempted robbery. His ... fine was increased to $15,000; he sits in ... jail awaiting ... trial.


what ... kind of ... property he had. He learned about it from ... conversation with Lickcheese, Sar­torius' rent collector. It turned out that Sartorius was ... owner of some tenements in the London slums, and that all ... property he had was built by getting ... money out of ... poor people who lived there. Trench was greatly shocked. He did not want to take ... money from Blanche's father. But Blanche said she could not live on ... small income Trench had. They had ... quarrel, and Trench left ... house. After some time Trench learned that ... land on which Sartorius' houses were built belonged to Trench's aunt and that he himself was living on ... money got in ... same way. Everything comes out "all right" in ... end: Trench marries Blanche and becomes ... partner in Sartorius' business. The au­thor shows that in ... fact Trench is no better than Sartorius, Lickcheese and the like.


Упражнение 79

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

  1. George Bernard Shaw, ... well-known English playwright, was born in ... Ireland in 1856. He was ... son of ... clerk and had to begin working at ... early age. At ... age of twenty he moved to ... Lon­don where he became ... journalist.

  2. ... play "Widowers' Houses" shows ... egoism and hypocrisy of some businessmen who got their profits from ... London slums where ... poorest peo­ple lived.

  3. While travelling in ... Germany Harry Trench, ... young English doctor, got acquainted with Mr. Sartorius, ... respectable-looking gentleman, and his daughter Blanche. ... young people fell in love with each other and were going to get married. Trench knew that Sartorius was rich, but he did not know


Упражнение 80

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My ... husband picks up ... local newspaper every morning from ... vending machine on our ... way to ... work. ... other morning, ... girl who appeared to be about six was in ... front of him in ... line, buy­ing ... paper for her ... mother, who was sitting in ... car. ... child put ... money for one ... paper in ... slot and took two ... newspapers!

My ... husband said to her, "Oh, is this two-for-one day?" ... child did not reply. She just took ... two ... newspapers to her ... mother.

This is stealing, pure and simple. I wonder what this ... mother is going to think when her ... daugh­ter becomes ... teen and gets arrested for ... shop-

3 Ю. Голицынский

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lifting at ... mall? I suppose she'll wonder where her ... daughter got ... idea that it is OK to take something without paying for it.

... mother missed ... opportunity to teach her ... child right from wrong. If ... child took ... extra newspaper in ... error, ... mother should have in­structed her to put it back. However, if she put ... child up to it — shame on her.


ink! As ... men left ... room and tried to leave ... hospital, ... emergency room doctor saw them and she thought, "Oh God, they're all covered in ... blood." So she tried to help them but they refused her ... help and ran off. ... doctor realized something funny was going on and she called ... police. ... po­lice caught ... robbers — guess where? Outside ... bank on Main Street.


Упражнение 81

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Three ... bank robbers got ... surprise last night. This is what happened. ... three ... robbers, who all work as ... cleaners at ... hospital, drove up to ... bank on Main Street. ... three men, wearing ... masks over their ... faces, got out of ... car and ran into ... bank. Inside ... bank, they pointed ... guns at ... customers and ... bank tellers. One of ... men told all ... customers to lie down on ... floor. And then one of ... other men said something like, "Quick, ... money! Give me ... money!" So one of ... tellers handed them some ... bags. After leaving ... bank, ... three men jumped into their ... van and drove off. One ... mile down ... road, ... robbers parked their ... van next to ... ambulance they had parked before ... robbery. They got into ... ambulance and drove off. They went straight to their ... hospital. After leaving ... ambulance in ... hospital parking lot, ... three ... men went together into ... small room. There, they opened ... bags of ... money they had been given — and got... very ... unpleasant surprise! ... bank teller had given ... robbers ... special bags containing ... bright red ... ink! ... red ink is released when ... bag is opened, and it can't be washed off. So suddenly, ... men found themselves covered in red


Упражнение 82

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... tsunami is ... natural phenomenon consisting of ... series of ... waves generated when ... water in ... lake or ... sea is rapidly displaced on ... massive scale. It is also ... very large dangerous ocean wave caused by ... underwater explosion, earthquake, etc. ... earthquakes, ... landslides, ... volcanic eruptions and ... large meteorite impacts all have the poten­tial to generate ... tsunami. ... effects of ... tsunami can range from unnoticeable to ... devastation.

... magnitude 9.0 2004 ... Indian Ocean Earth­quake triggered ... series of ... lethal tsunamis on December 26, 2004 that killed over 310,000 people (more than 220,000 in ... Indonesia alone), making it ... deadliest tsunami in ... recorded history. ... tsunami killed ... people over ... area ranging from ... immediate vicinity of ... quake in ... Indonesia, ... Thailand and ... north-western coast of ... Malay­sia to thousands of kilometres away in ... Bangla­desh, ... India, ... Sri Lanka, ... Maldives, and even as far as ... Somalia, ... Kenya and ... Tanzania in ... eastern Africa. ... disaster prompted ... huge worldwide effort to help ... victims of ... tragedy, with hundreds of ... millions of ... dollars being raised for ... disaster relief.

Существительное


69


СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Упражнение 83

Дайте соответствующие существительные жен­ского рода.

A lion, a tiger, an actor, a poet, a man, an uncle, a husband, a brother, a grandfather, a son, a mas­ter, a baron, a count, a shepherd, a host.

Упражнение 84

Дайте соответствующие существительные мужского рода.

A lady, a girl, a niece, Mrs. Smith, a widow, a stewardess, a French woman, a cow, a queen, a princess, a duchess, a hen, a mother.

Образование множественного числа существительных

a cat cats a dog dogs a car cars a chair chairs

a dress dresses a box boxes a dish dishes a watch watches

a boy boys a potato potatoes1

a city cities a leaf leaves2

Ho: 1) a piano pianos; a photo photos. 2) a roof roofs; a safe safes; a handkerchief handkerchiefs.


Упражнение 85

Поставьте следующие существительные во мно­жественное число (не забудьте, что перед множе­ственным числом неопределенный артикль нужно опустить).

A pen, a class, a story, a road, a day, a cat, a bush, a desk, a table, a plate, a fox, a room, a lady, a knife, a chair, a bus, a hero, a match, a way, a house, a family, a flag, a town, a wolf, a country, a lion, a park, a play, a dictionary, a thief, a key.

Запомните форму множественного числа следующих существительных:

a man men a goose geese

a woman women a tooth teeth

a child children a foot feet

a mouse mice an ox oxen

Запомните также: an Englishman Englishmen a Frenchman Frenchmen Ho: a German Germans

Запомните три существительных,

имеющих во множественном числе ту же форму,

что и в единственном:

a sheep sheep a deer deer a swine swine

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Упражнение 86

" Поставьте следующие существительные во мно­жественное число (обратите внимание на артик­ли: неопределенный артикль во множественном числе опускается, определенный артикль сохраня­ется).

A baby, a plant, a lemon, a peach, a banana, a brush, a star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a to­mato, a secretary, a crowd, the airport, a theatre, the tornado, a shop, the tragedy.

Упражнение 87

Поставьте следующие словосочетания во множе­ственное число.

This magazine, that sticker, this stamp, that sandwich, this poster, this teacup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this man, that match, this knife, this book, this family, this pie, that answer, that apartment, that teacher, that comedy.



Запомните:


this

is these

are

that

is those

are

there is there

are

it is

they are



Упражнение 88

Поставьте следующие предложения во множе­ственное число.

1. This is a spider. 2. That is a snail. 3. This is a space film. 4. That is a cartoon. 5. This is a star. 6. This is a boy. 7. This is a baby. 8. That is a plate. 9. That is a flower. 10. That is a bookshelf. 11. Is this a sofa? 12. Is this a bookcase? 13. Is this a man? 14. Is that a ball? 15. Is that a train? 16. Is that a plane? 17. Is the window open? 18. Is the door closed? 19. Is the boy near the window? 20. That is not a king. 21. That is not a queen. 22. That is not a bus. 23. This isn't a mountain. 24. That isn't a goose. 25. This isn't a mouse. 26. It is a sheep. 27. It is a cigarette. 28. It is a cat. 29. It is not a girl. 30. It isn't a bag. 31. It isn't a tree. 32. It is not a bad egg. 33. It is a good egg. 34. Is that a flower?

Упражнение 89

Поставьте следующие предложения во множе­ственное число.

1. This cup is dirty. 2. That biscuit was tasty.

  1. This hotel is very expensive but it's very nice.

  2. There is a children's playground in the park.

  3. That is a new supermarket in our town. 6. It's a delicious lemon pie for dessert. 7. It's a nice cot­ton dress for my niece. 8. This man is an engineer. 9. That woman is my sister. 10. This child is my son. 11. That goose is big. 12. This mouse is white. 13. This man is a doctor. 14. That woman is my cousin. She is a teacher. 15. That girl is my niece.

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She is a pupil. 16. This girl has a blue sweater. 17. This boy has a good coat. 18. My uncle has a large flat. 19. There is a table in the room. 20.1 have a good pen. My pen is in my pocket. 21. There is a flower in the vase. 22. This child's foot is sore.

Упражнение 90

Поставьте следующие предложения во множе­ственное число.

1. This phone in the office is out of order. 2. That blouse is made of silk. 3. This is an excellent paint­ing. 4. His book is very popular and it really in­terests me. 5. It's a difficult word to write. 6. My son is a journalist and he has been very successful. 7. This purse isn't made of leather. 8. That is my neighbour's car. 9. Has he got a camera? 10. It's a new cassette recorder. 11. This room is very large. 12. There is a match in the box. 13. Has this lady got a knife? 14. There is a man and a woman in the street. 15. This lady is that gentleman's wife. 16. This shoe is too large for my foot. 17. The child is sitting on a bench. 18. My tooth is white. 19. This key is made of steel. 20. A potato is a ve­getable and a cherry is a fruit. 21. This is my friend's study.

Упражнение 91

Поставьте следующие предложения во множе­ственное число.

1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Russian one. 5. I heard her voice. 6. His dog does not like


bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town isn't very large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is that girl your sister? 11.1 shall give you my book. 12. This story will be a good one. 13. Is this a good match? 14. The boy put his book on the desk. 15. She took off her hat. 16. That house is new. 17. The young man put his hand in his pocket. 18. Is this student coming with us, too? 19. The woman didn't say anything. 20. Does she speak English? 21. The police officer has caught the thief. 22. He is holding the child hostige.

Упражнение 92

Поставьте следующие предложения во множе­ственное число.

1. It's a very difficult question to answer. 2.1 think I'll have that cake on the right. 3. Look at that pumpkin! It's the biggest one I've seen this year. 4. Is this your scarf? 5. That was a cookie jar. 6. What is that child's name? 7. The cat has caught a mouse. 8. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy, and a girl in the room. 9. In the farmyard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow, and a goose. 10. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? — He is a Frenchman. 11. Why don't you eat this potato? 12. This strawberry is still green. 13. The withered leaf has fallen to the ground. 14. Can you see a bird in that tree? 15. Does your tooth still ache? 16. I held up my foot to the fire to warm it. 17. His child stud­ies very well. 18. This man works at our office. 19. There is a new house in our street. 20. This story is very interesting. 21. I have hurt my foot. 22. The wolf has been shot. 23. He keeps his toy in a box. 24. Put this knife on that table.

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Упражнение 93

Поставьте следующие предложения во множе­ственное число.

1. This is a bird. 2. Is that also a bird? — No, it isn't. That is a cat. 3. Is that a good horse? — Yes, it is. 4. Is that cow big or small? — It is big. 5. This is an apple and that is a flower. 6. Where is the coin? — It is in the box. 7. What colour is the box? — It is green. 8. What is it made of? — It is made of wood. 9. What is that man? — He is a clerk. 10. Is he in the office? — Yes, he is. 11. Is that woman a typist? — No, she isn't. — What is she? — She is a doctor. 12. Is his brother at home? — Yes, he is. 13. This house has a balcony looking out on the street. 14. The architecture of this building is quite modern. 15. This is a new district of St. Petersburg. 16. There is a shop, a cinema and a theatre in the new district. 17. He is a retired worker. 18. I am a doctor. 19. We hear the sounds of a child's voice. 20. She is a nice girl.

Притяжательный падеж существительных the child's toys the children's toys the boy's books the boys' books

Упражнение 94

Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания и предложения, употребляя притяжательный падеж.

1. The ball of the dog. 2. The skateboard of that man. 3. The songs of the children. 4. The umbrella of my grandmother. 5. The room of my friend. 6. The questions of my son. 7. The wife of my broth­er. 8. The table of our teacher. 9. The poems of Push-


kin. 10. The voice of this girl. 11. The new club of the workers. 12. The letter of Pete. 13. The car of my parents. 14. The life of this woman. 15. The handbags of these women. 16. The flat of my sister is large. 17. The children of my brother are at home. 18. The room of the boys is large. 19. The name of this girl is Jane. 20. The work of these students is interesting. 21. The computer of my son is modern. 22. He was a friend of my cousins.

Упражнение 95

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя при­тяжательный падеж.

1. Глаза у кошки зеленые. 2. Игрушки детей в большом ящике. 3. День рождения моего отца в мае. 4. И что за совпадение! Это любимый торт и моей мамы. 5. Я люблю книги моего мужа. 6. Как зовут того молодого человека? 7. Он пока­зал мне письмо своей сестры. 8. Она взяла коньки своего брата. 9. Дайте мне тетради ваших учени­ков. 10. Принесите вещи детей. 11. Вчера дети нашли птичье гнездо. 12. Это семья моего друга. Отец моего друга — инженер. Мать моего друга — преподаватель. 13. Чья это сумка? — Это сумка Тома. 14. Чьи это словари? — Это словари студен­тов. 15. Вы видели книгу нашего учителя? 16. Мне нравится почерк этого мальчика. 17. Я слышу го­лос моей сестры. 18. Она открыла окно и услыша­ла смех и крики детей. 19. Она поставила мокрые сапоги мальчиков к печке. 20. Это бабушкино кресло. 21. Я считаю, что ответ этого студента от­личный. 22. Мой муж много знает о романах (кни­гах) Агаты Кристи. 23. В воскресенье у Дианы был день рождения. 24. Вчера вечером мы смотрели телевизор в доме моего друга. 25. Собака Лизы прыгнула с нами в пруд.

Местоимения some, any, no, every


77


МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY

И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ

Some обозначает некоторое количество.

We have got some dictionaries.

We have got no dictionaries.

We haven't got any dictionaries.

Have you got any dictionaries?

Употребление

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма

Вопросительная форма

Упражнение 96

Вставьте some, any или no.

A

1. There are ... pictures in the book. 2. Are there ... new students in your group? 3. There are ... old houses in our street. 4. Are there ... English text­books on the desks? — Yes, there are ... . 5. Are there ... maps on the walls? — No, there aren't ....


6. Are there ... pens on the desk? — Yes, there are ... . 7. Are there ... sweets in your bag? — Yes, there are ... . 8. Have you got ... English books at home? — Yes, I have ... . 9. There are ... beautiful pictures in the magazine. Look at them. 10. There is ... ink in my pen: I cannot write. 11. Is there ... paper on your table? 12.1 haven't got ... exercise books. Give me ... , please. 13. It is winter. There are ... leaves on the trees.

В

1. I need ... sugar, ... flour, ... eggs, ... butter and ... milk to make a cake. 2. There is ... butter in the fridge, but there isn't ... milk. 3. Are there ... eggs? — There aren't ... eggs left. 4. We haven't got ... flour. 5. To make cabbage soup I need ... cab­bage, ... onions, ... carrots, and ... salt. I don't need ... plums or ... pineapples. 6. I need to buy a lot of things. There isn't ... time to waste. 7. Oh, dear! There is ... money in my purse.

Упражнение 97

Вставьте some, any или по.

1. We haven't got ... milk. We can't make an omelette. 2. Bob always likes ... sugar in his cof­fee. 3. Poor Oliver was hungry. He wanted ... bread.

  1. They haven't got... stamps. I can't post my letter.

  2. He has got ... money. He can't spend his holidays in Switzerland any more and stay at luxury hotels.

  3. There are ... schools in this street. 7. Are there ... pictures in your book? 8. There are ... flowers here in winter. 9. I can see ... children in the yard. They are playing. 10. Are there ... new buildings in your street? 11. There are ... people in the park be­cause it is cold. 12. I saw ... boys in the garden, but

78 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Местоимения some, any, no, every 79


Mike was not among them. 13. They brought ... good books from the library. 14. Give me ... tea, please, I am thirsty. 15. Dinner was not yet ready, so she gave the children ... bread and butter because they were hungry. 16. Do you want ... milk in your coffee? 17. Have you got ... time to spare? I'd like to ask you ... questions. 18. Is there ... cheese on the plate? 19. There is ... ham on the plate. 20. There is ... tea in the cup: the cup is empty.

Сравните следующие предложения:

After dinner he drank some juice.

сока (некоторое количество)

He does not drink milk after dinner, he drinks s juice.

сок (не некоторое коли­чество, а сок вообще; сок, а не молоко)

I brought some books from the library.

(некоторое количество книг)

I like s books.

(не некоторое количество, а вообще книги)

Упражнение 98

Вставьте some, any, по или оставьте пропуски незаполненными, смотря по смыслу.

1. There are ... buses today and I can't go shop­ping. 2. There is ... caviare in the can. I love it. Would you like ... ? 3. Please don't offer her ... chips. She doesn't want .... 4. Can I have ... milk in my tea? I don't like it black. 5. There is ... ink in my pen. 6. Is there ... snow in the street this morn­ing? 7. My mother likes ... music. 8. Are there ... chess players here? 9. There are ... diagrams in the


new book. 10. Are there ... newspapers on the ta­ble? 11. Was there ... water in the glass or ... milk? 12. There was ... soap in the box; he used it to wash his hands. 13. There was ... soap in the box: it smells of ... soap. 14. There are ... letters for you on the table. 15. Do you like ... apples? 16. Were there ... of our teachers at the stadium? 17. There were ... students of our group at the consultation yesterday.

  1. Will there be ... concerts at the club next month?

  2. There were ... yellow and green pencils on the table. 20. People need ... oxygen for breathing. 21. Are there ... mistakes in my dictation? — Yes, there are .... 22. My brother doesn't like ... carrots.



something что-нибудь, что-то

Употребление

Утвердительная форма

1 can see something on the table.

Отрицательная форма

1 can see nothing on the table.


1 cannot see anything on


the table.

Вопросительная форма

Can you see anything on the table?

everything всё

Упражнение 99

Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.

1. My husband taught his son ... he knows. 2. Her patient has a bad memory. She can't remember ... . 3.1 think there is ... wrong with my watch. 4. We've

80 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Местоимения some, any, no, every 81


[pic] [pic] got ... to eat. We've got only ... to drink. 5. The student-didn't understand ... because she heard ... . 6. Does he know ... about computers? — Yes, he knows ... because he is the best specialist in comput­er science at Harvard University. 7. He felt terri­ble. He couldn't do ... else. 8. ... is all right, the patient is much better today. 9. Is there ... interest­ing in the programme of the concert? 10. I could see ... : it was quite dark. 11. Give me ... to drink. 12. I didn't take any money with me, so I couldn't buy .... 13. My new eyeglasses are very good, I can see ... now. 14. I saw ... near the wood that looked like a tent.


somebody кто-нибудь, кто-то

Употребление

Утвердительная форма Не asked somebody

to help him.

Отрицательная форма Не asked nobody

to help him.

He did not ask anybody to help him.

Вопросительная форма Did he ask anybody

to help him?

everybody все


Упражнение 100

Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.

1. She has to go to the supermarket. There isn't ... in the fridge. 2. I've had a terrible day. ... went wrong. 3. The young man is very upset. There is ... wrong with his car. 4. His grandparents like doing ... : cooking, playing board games, going to muse­ums, visiting their friends. 5. She never says ... nice about her neighbours. 6. What do you want to drink? — .... I'm not thirsty. 7. Nobody told me ... about his lung cancer. I could do ... to save his life. 8. Give me ... to read, please. — With plea­sure. 9. I don't know ... about your town. Tell me ... about it. 10. Please give me ... warm: it is cold here. 11. I understand ... now. Thank you for your explanation. 12. There is ... white in the box. What is it? 13. Is there ... that you want to tell me? 14. Where is the book? — It is on the table. — No, there is ... there.


Упражнение 101

Вставьте somebody, anybody, nobody или every­body.

1. Don't tell ... about it. It's a secret. 2. Life is tough! ... has problems. 3. ... has eaten all the ice cream. That's terrible! ... will be able to have it for dessert tonight. 4. I think, ... in our class is honest. That's why we trust ... . 5. If you look in the yellow pages, I am sure you'll find ... who can fix your TV. 6. I am not a perfectionist. ... is perfect in this world. 7. Is there ... in the office? 8. ... needs good friends. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 9. Has ... in this group got a dictionary? 10. ... left a maga­zine in our classroom yesterday. 11. The question was so difficult that ... could answer it. 12. I am afraid I shan't be able to find ... in the office now: it is too late. 13. ... knows that water is necessary for life. 14. Is there ... here who knows French? 15. You must find ... who can help you. 16. ... knew anything about America before Columbus discovered it. 17. I saw ... in the train yesterday who looked

82 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Местоимения some, any, no, every 83


like you. 18. There is ... in the next room. I don't know him. 19. Please tell us the story. ... knows it. 20. Is there ... in my group who lives in the dormi­tory? 21. Has ... here got a red pencil? 22. ... can answer this question. It is very easy.


Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English books. 9. There are some tall trees in front of their house. 10. Peter has something in his box. 11. There are some parks in this town. 12. There are some good bookshops in our district.


Упражнение 102

Заполните пропуски, вставив одно из слов, дан­ных в скобках.

1. We haven't... black stockings (no, any). 2. They have ... red boots, Kate (any, no). 3. I don't want ... today, thank you (nothing, anything). 4. "I haven't got ... clean exercise books, Mother," said the boy (any, no). 5. "We shall not buy ... in this shop, chil­dren," said the mother (nothing, anything). 6. Didn't you buy ... potatoes yesterday (any, no)? 7. I didn't see ... in the street when I went out (anybody, no­body). 8. We did not play ... games in the yard be­cause it was raining all day long (no, any). 9. There is ... at home (anybody, nobody). 10. How much did you pay for these boots? — I didn't pay ... (nothing, anything). They are a present from my grandmoth­er. 11. Have you lost ... (anything, nothing)? — No, nobody here has lost ... (nothing, anything).

Упражнение 103

Поставьте следующие предложения в отрица­тельную и вопросительную форму.

1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have taken some English books from you. 5. She was reading something. 6. He has written a letter to somebody. 7. Somebody by the name of


Упражнение 104

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я ничего не сказал. Ни слова. 2. Все хотели получить автограф Юрия Гагарина. 3. Все, что у меня есть, принадлезкит тебе. 4. В столовой есть кто-нибудь? 5. В саду никого нет. 6. В нашей ком­нате есть кто-нибудь? 7. Там есть кто-то. 8. Там никого нет. 9. В библиотеке есть кто-нибудь? 10. За занавеской есть что-нибудь? — Нет, там ни­чего нет. 11. В сумке что-то есть. 12. В доме есть кто-нибудь? — Да, там есть кто-то. 13. Под сто­лом есть что-нибудь? — Да, там что-то есть. 14. Там ничего нет. 15. В кабинете врача есть кто-нибудь? — Нет, там никого нет. 16. В нашей биб­лиотеке есть кое-какие книги на английском язы­ке. 17. В вашей библиотеке есть какие-нибудь кни­ги Джека Лондона? 18. Мой дядя хочет мне что-то сказать. 19. На другой день мой брат знал всех. 20. Если вы захотите что-нибудь поесть, идите в вагон-ресторан. 21. Расскажите нам всё о вашем путешествии.

Заметьте, что в утвердительных предложениях:

any значит „любой" anything значит „что угодно" anybody значит „кто угодно"

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Местоимения some, any, no, every 85


Упражнение 105

Вставьте some, any, по или их производные.

1. Here are ... books by English writers. Take ... book you like. 2. There are ... boys in the garden because they are at school. 3. I can see ... on the snow, but I don't know what it is. 4. Are there ... desks in the classroom? — Yes, there are many. 5. There are ... books on this desk, but there are ... exercise books. 6. Did he say ... about it? — No, he said ... . 7. What shall I do now, Mom? I have done my homework. — You can do ... you like. 8. There was ...in the street because it was very late. 9. ... wants to see him. 10. Is there ... here who knows this man? 11. Have you ... books on Dickens? I want to read ... about him. I have read ... books by Dickens and I am interested in the life of the writer. 12. Can ... tell me how to get to the Public Library? — Yes, take ... bus that goes from here towards the railway station and get off at the third stop. 13. Please bring me ... apples, Mary. 14. That is a very easy ques­tion — ... can answer it.



somewhere где-нибудь, куда-нибудь, где-то, куда-то

Употребление

Утвердительная форма

1 saw this man somewhere.

Отрицательная форма

1 saw this man nowhere.


1 did not see this man anywhere.

Вопросительная форма

Did you see this man anywhere?

everywhere везде


Упражнение 106

Вставьте somewhere, anywhere, nowhere или everywhere.

1. I can't find my book .... I have looked all over the house. 2. Johnny lives ... near Chicago. 3. It so happened that he had ... to go to. So last summer he stayed at home in his beloved city for his holidays. 4. This book can be found .... Let's buy it. 5. Do you live ... near them? 6. Is it ... in Russia? — Yes, it's ... in Russia. 7. Where are you going? — I am not going ... . 8. I put my dictionary ... yesterday and now I can't find it ... . — Of course, that is be­cause you leave your books ... . 9. You must go ... next summer. 10. Did you go ... on Sunday? 11. Let's go ... . The weather is fine. I don't want to stay at home in such weather. 12. I cannot find my glasses ... . I always put them ... and then look for them for hours. 13. Today is a holiday. The streets are full of people. There are flags, banners and flowers ....

Упражнение 107

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Здесь нет Кати. Мы ее везде искали, но не можем нигде найти ее. Кто-нибудь видел Катю? — Вот она. Никто ничего не знает о ней, а она сидит на скамейке и читает книгу. 2. На столе лежит что-то круглое. Что это такое? 3. Никто об этом ничего не знает. 4. В городе много парков. Везде деревья и цветы. 5. В той комнате кто-то есть. 6. Анна живет где-то в этом районе. 7. Я никого не знаю в этом городе. 8. Дай мне, пожалуйста, что-нибудь поесть. 9. Кто-нибудь знает адрес на­шего учителя? 10. Все в порядке. 11. Кто-нибудь хочет посмотреть телевизор? 12. Мы слышали эту песню повсюду. 13. Он где-то в саду.

86 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 108

Вставьте одно из следующих слов:

a) some, any, по.

1. There were ... of my friends there. 2. Well, anyway, there is ... need to hurry, now that we have missed the train. 3. Have you ever seen ... of these pictures before? 4. There is ... water in the kettle: they have drunk it all. 5. There were ... firtrees in that forest, but many pines. 6. We could not buy cherries, so we bought ... plums instead.

b) somebody, anybody, nobody.

1. I saw ... I knew at the lecture. 2. I dare say that there may be ... at the lecture that I know, but what does that matter? 3. Do you really think that ... visits this place? 4. I have never seen ... lace their boots like that.

c) somewhere, anywhere, nowhere.

1. I haven't seen him ... . 2. I know the place is ... about here, but I don't know exactly where. 3. Did you go ... yesterday? — No, I went ... , I stayed at home the whole day.

Упражнение 109

Вставьте some, any, no, every или их производ­ные.

1. To know ... is to know ... . 2. ... is rotten in the state of Denmark (W. Shakespeare). 3. Wealth is ... without health. 4. ... is good in its season.

  1. Can I have ... milk? — Yes, you can have ... .

  2. Will you have ... tea? 7. Give me ... books, please. I have ... to read at home. 8. Put ... sugar in her


Местоимения some, any, no, every 87

tea: she does not like sweet tea. 9. Is ... the matter with you? Has ... offended you? I see by your face that ... has happened. 10. We did not see ... in the hall. 11. ... was present at the lesson yesterday. 12. He is busy. He has ... time to go to the cinema with us. 13. Do you need ... books to prepare for your report? 14. Have you ... questions? Ask me ... you like, I shall try to answer ... question. 15. ... liked that play: it was very dull. 16. If ... is ready, we shall begin our experiment. 17. Money isn't... in the world.

Упражнение 110

Вставьте some, any, no, every или их производ­ные.

  1. Can you see ... in an empty box? No, I can't see ... in an empty box. I can see ... in an empty box. Why not? Because there is ... in an empty box. There isn't ... in an empty box. What is an empty box? An empty box is a box that has ... in it. An empty box is a box without ... in it. An empty room is a room without ... in it.

  2. Can ... see? No, ... people can't see. ... people are blind. Blind people can't see. They can't see ... ; they can see ....

  3. Can ... hear? No, ... people can't hear. ... peo­ple are deaf. People who are quite deaf can't hear. They can't hear ..., they can't hear .... They can hear ... ; they can hear ....

  4. Can we see ... ? No, we can't see .... We can­not see the air. ... can see the air.

  5. We can't walk without legs and feet. People without legs and feet can't walk. They can't walk .... They can walk ....

88 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Местоимения some, any, no, every 89


Упражнение 111

Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.

1. Are there ... cinemas or theatres in your town?

  • There aren't ... cinemas, but there is a theatre festival in summer. 2. Is there ... for young people

  • a zoo, interesting museums? — I'm sorry, there is ... zoo in our town. But there are ... museums, ... discos and every three weeks there is a rock concert for young people here. 3. Have you ... relations? — No, I haven't ... , I have ... relations. 4. Has she ... nephews or nieces? — She has ... nephews. 5. She has ... sisters, she has only brothers. 6. Do you know ... about Chinese art? 7. They have ... cousins in Minsk. 8. Have you ... brothers? — No, I haven't ... , I have ... brothers. 9. I have ... good friends. 10. We did not know ... about his problems: he told us ... . 11. Have you got ... interesting books? 12. Have you ... friends in America? 13. He has ... English books in this bookcase. 14. Did you meet ... on your way to school? 15. Have you got ... pencils in your bag? 16. Do we have ... chalk on the black­board? 17. How could I know that he was ill? ... told me .... 18. She has ... mistakes in her test.

Упражнение 112

Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, any, no, the или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.

1. Передай мне масло. Pass me ... butter, please. 2. Дай ему масла. Give him ... butter. 3. Я не хочу масла. I don't want ... butter. 4. Эта ферма производит масло. This farm produces ... butter. 5. В этом стакане нет молока. There is ... milk in this glass. 6. Возьми варенья. Take ... jam. 7. Возьми варенье. Take ... jam. 8. Любите ли вы бекон? Do


you like ... bacon? 9. Какова цена бекона? What is the price of ... bacon? 10. Он никогда не кладет са­хару в чай. Не never puts ... sugar in his tea. 11. Сахарважный пищевой продукт. ... sugar is an important food product. 12. Суп (вообще) содержит много воды. ... soup contains much wa­ter. 13. Суп готов. ... soup is ready. 14. Дайте мне супу. Give me ... soup. 15. Название этого супа — борщ. The name of ... soup is borshch. 16. Прежде всего нам нужно согреть воды. First of all we must heat... water. 17. Прежде всего нам нужно согреть воду. First of all we must heat ... water. 18. Вода состоит из водорода и кислорода. ... water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 19. Мыло необходимо для мытья. ... soap is necessary for washing. 20. Ha умывальнике нет мыла. There is ... soap on the washstand. 21. Мыло на полке. ... soap is on the shelf. 22. Мне не нравится цвет этого мыла. I don't like the colour of ... soap. 23. Есть у вас карболовое мыло? Have you got ... carbolic soap? 24. В Ка­релии много фабрик, которые производят бумагу. There are many factories in Karelia that produce ... paper. 25. Бумага для стенгазеты на столе. ... paper for the wall newspaper is on the table. 26. Дайте мне бумаги. Give me ... paper. 27. Я очень люблю этот сорт бумаги. I like this sort of ... paper very much.

Упражнение 113

Вставьте a, the, some или оставьте пропуски не­заполненными.

1. a) I've just made ... coffee. Would you like ... ? b) Wait ... minute! ... coffee is very hot. — I'd like ... milk, please. — I prefer ... black coffee.

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Местоимения some, any, no, every 91


2. a) Give me ... water, please. I am thirsty.

  1. ... water in this river is always cold.

  2. ... water is necessary for animals and plants.

3. a) Do you like ... brown bread?

b) Please go to the shop and buy ... brown bread.

4. a) He likes ... modern music.

  1. I should like to listen to ... music.

  2. I don't like ... music, it is too noisy. Switch off the radio, please.

5. a) Ann has bought ... cheese.

  1. Where did she put ... cheese?

  2. Give me ... cheese, please.

6. a) Yesterday she invited us to dinner. It was

... good dinner, b) I cannot forget ... dinner we had at the Savoy.

Упражнение 114

Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, the, a или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.

1. In ... bedroom of this flat there are twin beds, ... little bedside table between them, and ... chair. There are clothes thrown over ... chair. 2. Here is ... book that you left on my table yesterday. 3. ... men saw ... boat on ... river. 4. Can you give me ... match? 5. I get ... long letters from my mother, but only ... postcards from my brother. 6. The waitress put ... salad into each plate. 7. When did ... lesson begin? 8. Children must go to ... school. 9. Pass me ... piece of ... bread, please. 10. Do you like ... cu­cumbers? 11. We bought ... cucumbers at ... mar­ket. 12. We use ... pencils or ... pens when we write. 13. He was reading ... book when I came into ... room. 14. Give me ... water to drink, please. 15. At


what time will ... meeting begin? 16. Do you find ... English difficult? 17. I got ... letter from my brother yesterday. 18. I had ... bread and ... butter and ... egg for ... breakfast this morning.

Упражнение 115

Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, any, no, the, а или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.

1. I'm afraid there's ... juice in ... fridge. Would you like ... lemonade? 2. My friends from Chicago can't speak ... foreign languages. 3. She bought ... new books yesterday. 4. Where are ... books which you brought from ... library yesterday? 5. Did you buy ... apples when you were at... shop? 6. We could not skate because there was ... snow on ... ice. 7. ... house must have ... windows. 8. Most people like ... music. 9. There was ... meat on Nick's plate and ... fish on Tom's. 10. We saw ... houses in the distance. 11. ... cats like ... milk. 12. They stopped in ... front of ... house where Tom lived. 13. I showed him ... way to ... station. 14. What is ... name of ... street in which you live? 15. I want to say ... words to your sister. 16. ... tea in this glass is cold. 17. ... sun was high in ... sky. 18. Oh, there are ... apples in ... vase: ... children have eaten all of them. Please put ... apples into ... vase. 19. Yesterday we had ... fish for dinner. 20. He gave me ... coffee. 21. I drank ... cup of ... coffee after ... dinner.

MUCH, MANY, (A) LITTLE, (A) FEW

_ much time (ед. ч.)

Много *=^Щ7

' many books (мн. ч.)

Упражнение 116

Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.

Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много снега, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много ли­монов, много мяса, много комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.

Упражнение 117

Вставьте much или many.

1. A don't eat ... mangoes. 2. Не eats ... fish. 3. She ate so ... dessert that she is in bed today with


Much, many, (a) little, (a) few 93

a stomachache. 4. That man drank so ... wine, and he smoked so ... cigarettes that he has a terrible headache today. 5. Mary must not eat too ... salt be­cause she has problems with her blood pressure. 6. My mother says I eat too ... French fries and drink too ... beer. She wants me to be healthy. 7. There is not too ... space in my flat. 8. There are ... new pic­tures in this room. 9. There are ... teachers at our school, and ... of them are women. 10. ... of these plays are quite new. 11. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. — Don't mention it, it wasn't ... bother. 12. ... of her advice was useful. 13. He had ... pairs of socks. 14. Please don't put ... pepper on the meat. 15. There were ... plates on the table. 16. I never eat ... bread with soup. 17. Why did you eat so ... ice cream? 18. She wrote us ... let­ters from the country. 19. ... of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary. 20. ... in this work was too difficult for me. 21. ... of their an­swers were excellent. 22. ... of their conversation was about the university.

_____- little time (ед. ч.)

Мало -=d^T7

"——- few books (мн. ч.)

Упражнение 118

Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.

Мало домов, мало чая, мало чашек, мало яблок, мало окон, мало бумаги, мало кофе, мало статей, мало радости, мало супу, мало деревьев, мало тра­вы, мало детей, мало игрушек, мало света, мало парт, мало колбасы, мало сока, мало книг, мало цветов, мало соли, мало друзей, мало дворцов.

94 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Much, many, (a) little, (a) few


95


Упражнение 119

Вставьте little или few.

1. Не has got ... friends. 2. I drink ... coffee. I don't like it. 3. We must hurry. We've got very ... time. 4. There are very ... scholarships for students in this university. 5. The Smiths have ... money. They aren't rich. 6. The theatre was almost empty. There were very ... people there. 7. There was ... lem­onade in the bottle. There were ... peaches in the basket. 8. I have ... time, so I can't go with you. 9. He has ... English books. 10. There is ... juice in my glass. Have you got any juice? 11. There are ... bears in the zoo. 12. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very ... clothes. 13. There is too ... soup in my plate. Give me some more, please.

  1. The children returned from the wood very sad because they had found very ... mushrooms.

  2. There was too ... light in the room, and I could not read. 16. There are very ... people who don't know that the Earth is round.


We have very ... time. 8. I am sorry to say, I have read very ... books by Walter Scott. 9. My brother is a young teacher. Every day he spends ... time pre­paring for his lessons. 10. I know very ... about this writer. It is the first book I am reading. 11. The pu­pils of our class ask ... questions at the lesson. They want to know everything. 12. You do not make ... mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard at it? — Oh, yes, I do, I work very ....



Сравните:

плохо

1 have little time.

У меня мало времени.

хорошо

1 have a little time.

У меня есть немного времени.

плохо

1 have few books.

У меня мало книг.

хорошо

1 have a few books.

У меня есть несколько книг.


Упражнение 120

Вставьте much, many, little или few.

1. Robert wrote so ... letters that he's never go­ing to write a letter again. 2. She ate so ... ice cream that she's going to have a sore throat. 3. His father earned ... money, but he enjoyed his job. He loved teaching English very ... . 4. There are ... cookies in the box. I should have bought them last Monday. 5. Does your sister read ... ? — Yes, she does. And your brother? — Oh, he doesn't. He has so ... books, but he reads very ... . 6. Have you ... work to do today? — No, not very ... .7. Walk quicker, please.


Упражнение 121

Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.

Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало стульев, несколько песен, мало песен, немно­го веселья, мало веселья, мало мальчиков, немно­го воды, несколько человек, мало воды, мало воз­духа, мало столов, несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного удачи, несколько дней, мало работы, немного соли, несколько ло­жек, мало света, мало окон, несколько машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.

96 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Much, many, (a) little, (a) few


97


Упражнение 122

Вставьте a little, a few.

This is my mother's favorite recipe for fruitcake, and everybody says it's out of this world!

  1. Put 3 cups of flour into a mixing bowl.

  2. Add ... sugar.

  3. Slice ... apples.

  4. Cut up ... oranges.

  5. Pour in ... honey.

  6. Add ... baking soda.

  7. Chop up ... nuts.

  8. Add ... salt.

  9. Mix in ... raisins. 10. Bake for 45 minutes.

Enjoy, dear!

Упражнение 123

Вставьте little, a little, few или a few.

1. There is ... salad left in this bowl. 2. Would you like ... salad? — Yes, thank you. My doctor says it's good for my health. 3. I have ... money, so we can go to the cinema. 4. I have ... money, so we can­not go to the cinema. 5. This girl works very ... , that's why she knows nothing. 6. Mother gave us ... apples, and we were glad. 7. He did not like it at the camp: he had very ... friends there. 8. This lemon drink is sour; if you put ... sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 9. This lemon drink is sour; if you put ... lumps of sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 10. The hall was almost empty: there were very ... people in it. 11. I can't buy this expensive hat today: I have too ... money. 12. She left and returned in ... minutes. 13. I think you can spare me ... time now. 14. I am sorry I have seen ... plays by this author.


Упражнение 124

Вставьте much, many, little, few, a little или a few.

1. When we walked ... farther down the road, we met another group of students. 2. Have you got ... money on you? — I'm sorry. I have very ... money at the moment. 3. At the conference we met ... peo­ple whom we knew well. 4. There are very ... old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down. 5. If you have ... spare time, look through this book. You will find ... stories there which are rather interesting. 6. There are ... things here which I cannot understand. 7. Shall I bring ... more chalk? — No, thank you. There is ... chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson. 8. He had ... English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books. 9. She gave him ... water to wash his hands and face. 10. I'd like to say ... words about my journey. 11. After the play ev­erybody felt ... tired. 12. Let's stay here ... longer: it is such a nice place. 13. There were ... new words in the text, and Peter spent ... time learning them. 14. There was ... hay in the barn, and the children could not play there. 15. My friend isn't going to the concert this evening because he has got ... work to do. 16. My mother knows German ... and she can help you with the translation of this letter. 17. He's got very ... time left. If he doesn't hurry up, he'll miss the plane.

4 Ю. Голицынский

Степени сравнения прилагательных 99

СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ



Запомните особые случаи образования степеней сравнения:

Положительная степень

Сравнительная степень

Превосходная степень

old

elder older

the eldest the oldest

far

farther

the farthest

good

better

the best

bad

worse

the worst


и двусложные прилагательные

Положительная степень

Сравнительная степень

Превосходная степень

small

smaller

the smallest

large

larger

the largesf

big

bigger

the biggesf

happy

happier

the happiest


Упражнение 126

Переведите на английский язык.

Старый, старше, самый старый, самый стар­ший, мой старший брат, мой старый друг, даль­ше, самый дальний, самый длинный, короче, счаст­ливый, счастливее, самый счастливый, самый луч­ший, самый черный, длиннее, хуже, лучше, теп­лее, ее лучший друг, ее младший сын, его стар­ший сын.


Упражнение 125

Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную сте­пень следующих прилагательных. Не забудьте упо­треблять определенный артикль перед превосходной степенью прилагательных.

Hot, long, short, clever, silly, great, red, black, white, thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, cold, merry, small, tall, high, weak, strong, heavy, light, green, dry, clean, dirty, wide, deep, brave.





Многосложные прилагательные

Положительная степень

Сравнительная степень

Превосходная степень

interesting beautiful

тоге interesting

more beautiful

the most ■ interesting

the most beautiful

100 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Степени сравнения прилагательных 101


Упражнение 127

Переведите следующие предложения на англий­ский язык.

1. а. Я знаю интересную историю.

б. Он знает более интересную историю.

в. Она знает самую интересную историю.

2. а. Это длинный путь.

б. Это более длинный путь.

в. Это самый длинный путь.

3. а. Ее работа очень важна.

б. Его работа важнее.

в. Моя работа самая важная.

4. а. Это плохая песня.

б. Это еще более плохая песня.

в. Это самая плохая песня.

5. а. Он хороший инженер.

б. Он более хороший инженер.

в. Он самый лучший инженер.

6. а. Он принес ей красивый цветок.

б. Он принес ей более красивый цветок.

в. Он принес ей самый красивый цветок.

7. а. Он рассказал нам о счастливом человеке.

б. Он рассказал нам о более счастливом чело­
веке.

в. Он рассказал нам о самом счастливом чело­
веке.

Упражнение 128

Переведите следующие предложения на англий­ский язык.

1, Я,думаю, что наш учитель английского язы­ка был очень терпелив. 2. Hani старый доктор был очень занят. Наш новый доктор даже более занят. 3. Моя учительница немецкого языка — самый


энергичный человек. 4. Мы знаем, твой сосед — очень скучный человек. 5. Я считаю, твой дедуш­ка — самый щедрый человек, которого я когда-либо встречал. 6. Часы Рональда точные, но часы его тети более точные. 7. Она купила часы в Швей­царии, потому что она считает, что швейцарские часы самые точные в мире. 8. Тот телевизионный фильм гораздо хуже, чем сегодняшний. 9. Какая самая смешная телевизионная программа? 10. Это были самые счастливые дни в ее жизни. 11. Это очень легкая задача. Дайте мне более трудную за­дачу. 12. Летом дни длинные, а ночи короткие. 13. 22 июня — самый длинный день. 14. В июле дни короче. 15. В декабре дни самые короткие. 16. „Четверка" — хорошая отметка, но „пятер­ка" лучше. 17. „Пятерка" — самая лучшая отмет­ка. 18. Самая плохая отметка — „двойка". 19. Твое платье, конечно, очень красивое, но мое платье красивее. 20. Мой папа — высокий мужчина. 21. Это более теплое пальто.

Упражнение 129

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му прилагательного.

1. — How do you like Smucker's Sweet Orange Marmalade, Mrs. Johnson? — I think it's (delicious). It's much (delicious) than the marmalade I usually buy. — We agree with you, Mrs. Johnson. We think Smucker's Sweet Orange Marmalade is (delicious) marmalade in the world. 2. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 3. The island of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 4. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 5. The English Channel is (wide) than the Straits of Gibral­tar. 6 Russia is a very (large) country. 7. Which is

102 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

(large): the United States or Canada? 8. What is the "name of the (big) port in the United States? 9. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia. 10. The Lon­don underground is the (old) in the world. 11. There is a (great) number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia. 12. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world.

Запомните:

as ... as такой же... как not so ... as не такой... как not as ... as не такой... как1

Упражнение 130

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. English is as difficult as German. 2. My com­position is not as long as yours. 3. It isn't as warm today as it was yesterday. 4. The house his aunt lives in is as old as the one his uncle lives in. 5. His apart­ment isn't as elegant as her apartment, but it's much bigger. 6. Johnny isn't as rich as Don but he is younger and much happier. 7. My dog isn't as friend­ly as your dog. 8. You can eat as much as you like. 9. A football match isn't as exciting as a hockey match. 10. The hotel isn't as cheap as we expected. 11. His songs aren't as popular as the Beatles songs. 12. Her brother is as intelligent as his wife.

1 В современном английском языке употребляется not as ... as. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar In Use".

  1. A book for elementary students: Unit 88 — Rome is not as old as Athens.

  2. A book for intermediate students: Unit 106 — But he isn't iin rifh as Shirly.


Степени сравнения прилагательных 103

Упражнение 131

Вставьте as ... as или so ... as.

1. Mike is ... tall ... Pete. 2. Kate is not ... nice ... Ann. 3. My room is ... light ... this one. 4. This book is not ... thin ... that one. 5. Sergei is ... old ... Michael. 6. She is ... young ... Tom's brother. 7. This woman is ... good ... that one. 8. Nick's English is not ... good ... his friend's. 9. I am not ... tall ... Pete. 10. This woman is ... young ... that one. 11. I am ... thin ... you. 12. Kate is ... lazy ... her brother. 13. This child is not ... small ... that one.

Упражнение 132

Переведите следующие предложения на англий­ский язык.

1. Он не такой усталый, как она. 2. Упражне­ние 2 такое же трудное, как и упражнение 3. 3. Она думает, что бокс такой же опасный вид спорта, как и борьба. 4. Этот дом такой же высокий, как тот.

  1. Сегодня вода в реке не такая теплая, как вчера.

  2. Ты не такой умный, как папа. 7. Индия не та­кая большая, как Китай. 8. Темза такая же краси­вая, как Нева. 9. Его бабушка не такая старая, как дедушка. 10. Яблоки такие же вкусные, как сли­вы, но не такие вкусные, как груши. 11. Русский музей такой же богатый, как Эрмитаж? 12. Держа­вин не такой знаменитый, как Пушкин. 13. Днепр не такой длинный, как Волга. 14. В прошлом году август был такой же жаркий, как июль. 15. Он не такой старый, как я. 16. Она такая же щедрая, как ее бабушка. 17. Его машина такая же удоб­ная (комфортабельная), как твоя. 18. Экзамен был не таким трудным, как мы ожидали. 19. Он та­кой же сильный, как его брат. 20. Этот компью-

104 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Степени сравнения прилагательных 105


тер не такой дорогой, как я ожидал. 21. Ее сын такой же вежливый, как и она. 22. Эта работа такая же интересная, как и твоя.

Не забывайте употреблять союз than при сравнительной степени прилагательного:

E.g. Tom is taller than Kate.

Том выше Кати.

Упражнение 133

Переведите следующие предложения на англий­ский язык.

1. Эта работа легче той. 2. Этот роман более увле­кательный, чем тот. 3. Андрей Миронов был бо­лее талантливым актером, чем другие. 4. Эти люди более приятные, более вежливые и более госте­приимные, чем те. 5. Этот дом выше того. 6. Сегод­ня вода в реке холоднее, чем вчера. 7. Папа умнее тебя. 8. Китай больше Индии. 9. Его бабушка моложе дедушки. 10. Груши вкуснее яблок. 11. Наша кошка меньше нашей собаки. 12. Мой брат моложе меня. 13. В прошлом году февраль был холоднее января. 14. Днепр короче Волги. 15. Эрмитаж богаче Русского музея.

Упражнение 134

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. The new cinema in our district is much bigger than the old one. 2. He is one of the most danger­ous criminals in the world. 3. Nevsky Prospect is


much more beautiful than our street. 4. Our house isn't as big as yours. 5. That's the funniest story I've ever heard. 6. The tram system isn't as reliable as it used to be. 7. What is your height? You are taller than me. 8. She felt as strong as her brother. 9. We start­ed earlier than you. 10. He was more careful than I.

  1. This student is the most attentive in our group.

  2. I need a warmer coat. 13. He is as tired as you. 14. He was one of the most experienced workers at the factory. 15. Better late than never. 16. She was not so attractive as her mother. 17. His work is not so difficult as mine. 18. He was the eldest in the family.


  1. It is easier to swim in the sea than in the river.

  2. This is the smallest room in our flat.

Упражнение 135

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му прилагательного.

1. We should eat (healthy) food. 2. Today the streets aren't as (clean) as they used to be. 3. It's (bad) mistake he has ever made. 4. This man is (tall) than that one. 5. Asia is (large) than Australia. 6. The Volga is (short) than the Mississippi. 7. Which build­ing is the (high) in Moscow? 8. Mary is a (good) stu­dent than Lucy. 9. The Alps are (high) than the Urals. 10. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town. 11. She speaks Italian (good) than English. 12. Is the word "newspaper" (long) than the word "book"? 13. The Thames is (short) than the Volga. 14. The Arctic Ocean is (cold) than the Indian Ocean. 15. Chinese is (difficult) than English. 16. Spanish is (easy) than German. 17. She is not so (busy) as I am. 18. It is as (cold) today as it was yesterday. 19. She is not

106 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

so (fond) of sports as my brother is. 20. Today the weather is (cold) than it was yesterday. 21. This book is (interesting) of all I have read this year. 22. January is the (cold) month of the year. 23. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do. 24. Which is the (hot) month of the year? 25. Which is the (beau­tiful) place in this part of the country? 26. This good-looking girl is the (good) student in our group.

Упражнение 136

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му прилагательного.

1. Her eyes are (grey) than mine. 2. He was the (fat) man in the village. 3. As he went on, the box became (heavy) and (heavy). 4. My sister is the (tall) girl in her class. 5. Who is the (attentive) student in your group? 6. It is autumn. Every day the air becomes (cold), the leaves (yellow). 7. This is the (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life. 8. Your handwriting is now (good) than it was last year; but still it is not so (good) as Nick's handwriting. Nick has a (good) handwriting than you. And of course Nellie has the (good) handwriting of all. 9. Oil is (light) than water. 10. We shall wait for a (dry) day to go on the excursion. 11. A bus is (fast) than a tram. 12. Take some of these sweets: they are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box.

  1. He clearly did not like the explanation, and as he listened to it, he became (angry) and (angry).

  2. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer. 15. The (tall) trees in the world grow in California. 16. Please be (careful) next time and don't spill the milk again. 17. Bobby was a (qui­et) child. He was (quiet) than his sister.


Степени сравнения прилагательных 107

Упражнение 137

Переведите следующие предложения на англий­ский язык.

1. Это самая ценная картина в Русском музее. 2. Мой компьютер не такой новый, как компью­тер моего друга. 3. Наши экзамены гораздо труд­нее, чем ваши. 4. Здание Московского универси­тета самое высокое в столице. 5. Наш город не та­кой большой, как Киев, но он такой же красивый. 6. Невский проспект — одна из самых красивых улиц Санкт-Петербурга. 7. Кто самый младший ученик в нашей группе? — Петров. Но он самый высокий. 8. Грамматика английского языка труд­ная, но английское произношение труднее. 9. Ма­газины на нашей улице больше, чем магазины на вашей улице. 10. Наш телевизор такой же хо­роший, как этот. 11. Эта комната светлее той. 12. Погода сегодня хуже, чем вчера. Сегодня хо­лоднее, и идет дождь. 13. Моя комната не такая большая, как комната моей подруги, но она свет­лее и теплее. 14. Какая из этих книг самая инте­ресная? 15. Ноябрь — не такой холодный месяц, как январь. 16. Мой отец — очень занятой чело­век. 17. Крым — одно из самых лучших мест для отдыха. 18. Сегодня он чувствует себя гораз­до лучше.

[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]

ПРЕДЛОГИ

Предлоги места и направления

В целях выработки беглости речи полезно запомнить следующие словосочетания:


Упражнение 138

Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.

1. Where is the book? — It is ... the table. 2. Where is the tea? — It is ... the cup. 3. Put the plates ... the table. 4. Put the book ... the bag. 5. There is a beautiful picture ... the wall. 6. He went ... the room. 7. I like to sit... the sofa ... my room. 8. Moth­er is cooking dinner ... the kitchen. 9. She went ... the room and sat down ... the sofa. 10. There are many people ... the park today. 11. There is a girl standing ... the bridge. Why is she crying? — She has dropped her doll ... the water. 12. There is no tea ... my cup. 13. Pour some tea ... my cup. 14. Put these flowers ... the windowsill. 15. I saw many people ... the platform waiting for the train. 16. We went... the garden and sat down ... a bench. 17. The


ГДЕ?

НА столе ON

On the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the windowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard, on the ta­ble, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the windowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the plat­form, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the black­board.


КУДА?

НА стол ON

On the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the windowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard, on the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the win­dowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cup­board, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the black­board.


ГДЕ?

В комнате IN

In the room, in the kitchen, in the house, in the car, in the box, in the cupboard, in the bag, in the pocket, in the hall, in the plate, in the cup, in the glass, in the bottle, in the snow, in the water, in the river, in the lake, in the sea, in the wood, in the park, in the garden, in the yard, in the classroom.


КУДА?

В комнату INTO

Into the room, into the kitchen, into the house, into the car, into the box, into the cupboard, into the bag, into the pocket, into the hall, into the plate, into the cup, into the glass, into the bottle, into the snow, into the water, into the river, into the lake, into the sea, into the wood, into the park, into the garden, into the yard, into the class­room.

110 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Предлоги


111


teacher hung a picture ... the blackboard. 18. I ope­ned the door and went... the classroom. The teacher was writing some words ... the blackboard. The pupils were writing these words ... their exercise books. There were some books and pens ... the teacher's table. There were two maps ... the wall and some flowers ... the windowsills. I saw a pen ... the floor. I picked it up and put it ... the table. 19. He put his hand ... his pocket, took out a let­ter and dropped it ... the mailbox which hung ... the wall of the house. Then he got ... his car and drove off.



Запомните также следующие словосочетания:

ГДЕ?

КУДА?

У стены AT

К стене ТО

At the wall, at the door, at the window, at the blackboard, at the map, at the bookcase, at the tree, at the river.

То the wall, to the door, to the window, to the blackboard, to the map, to the bookcase, to the tree, to the river.

И следующие словосочетания:

ГДЕ?

КУДА?

ЗА столом

AT the table

ЗА партой

AT the desk

ЗА стол

AT the table ЗА парту

AT the desk


Упражнение 139

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги on, in, at, to, into.

  1. Идите к доске.

  2. Напишите число на доске.

  3. Повесьте картину на доску.

  4. Она налила в вазу воды и поставила в нее цве­ты. Потом она пошла к окну и поставила вазу на подоконник.

  5. Учитель стоит у доски. Он пишет на доске предложение. Ученики сидят за партами. Они пи­шут это предложение в своих тетрадях.

  6. Ник вошел в кухню и сел за стол. Мама сто­яла у плиты. Она подошла к столу, поставила на стол чашку и налила в чашку чаю.

  7. Мы собрали в лесу много грибов.

  8. Маша открыла дверь и вошла в дом. В доме никого не было. Медведи были в лесу. В комнате Маша увидела стол. Она подошла к столу. На сто­ле она увидела три тарелки.

  9. Катя была в комнате. Она стояла у книжно­го шкафа.


  1. На полу лежал толстый ковер. Дети сели на ковер и начали играть.

  2. Где мальчики? — Они играют во дворе.

  3. Сейчас зима. На земле лежит снег. На реке лед.

  4. Она подошла к доске, взяла мел и начала пи­сать на доске.

  5. Масло на столе. Поставь его в холодильник. А теперь садись за стол. В этом стакане сок. Вы­пей его и поставь стакан на полку.

  6. Где твоя ручка? — Она в (моем) кармане.

  7. Положи в карман платок.

17. Он прыгнул в реку и быстро поплыл к
острову.

112 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Предлоги


113




Запомните следующие словосочетания:

ГДЕ?

КУДА?

At the theatre, at the cinema, at the museum, at the swimming pool, at the library, at the shop, at the university, at the port, at the railway station, at the concert, at the exhibition, at the stadium, at the stop, at the factory, at work1, at school1, at the lesson.

To the theatre, to the cinema, to the museum, to the swimming pool, to the library, to the shop, to the university, to the port, to the railway station, to the concert, to the exhibition, to the stadium, to the stop, to the factory, to work1, to school1, to the lesson.

Упражнение 140

Переведите на английский язык следующие сло­восочетания, употребляя предлоги in или at.

В кухне, в порту, в плавательном бассейне, в парке, в лесу, в театре, в саду, в библиотеке, в реке, в магазине, в стакане, в комнате, в кино, в снегу, в школе, в классе, в доме, в чашке, в му­зее, в университете.

Упражнение 141

Переведите на английский язык следующие сло­восочетания, употребляя предлоги on или at.

На полке, на подоконнике, на скамейке, на за­воде, на стене, на вокзале, на платформе, на полу, на крыше, на выставке, на остановке, на земле, на концерте, на доске, на уроке, на мосту, на ста­дионе, на снегу, на траве, на работе.

1 Обратите внимание на отсутствие артикля в этих слово­сочетаниях.


Упражнение 142

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги at, on, in, to, into.

1. Где Коля? — Он в университете. 2. Папа хо­дит на работу каждый день. 3. Вчера папа был на работе, а мама была дома. 4. Вчера я ходил в библиотеку. В библиотеке я взял очень интерес­ную книгу. 5. Катя сидела за столом. На столе ле­жали книги и тетради. Папа подошел к столу и поставил на стол вазу. В вазу он поставил цветы. 6. Вчера мы ходили на выставку. На выставке мы видели много картин. 7. Где Том? — Он на ста­дионе. Он всегда ходит на стадион в воскресенье. А его сестра ходит в плавательный бассейн. Сей­час она в бассейне. 8. Ты любишь ходить в театр? 9. Когда мы пришли на вокзал, мы поставили свои вещи на платформу и сели на скамейку. Мама по­шла в магазин и купила лимонаду. 10. Вчера на уроке учитель сказал мне: „На доске две ошибки. Иди к доске и исправь ошибки". 11. Вы были вче­ра на концерте? — Нет, мы работали в библиоте­ке, а потом мы пошли в парк. В парке мы играли, а потом сидели на траве. 12. Положи книгу в порт­фель и иди к доске. 13. Сегодня во дворе, много ре­бят.



Обратите внимание на разницу в значении в за­висимости от употребления предлогов to и into со словами wood, park, garden, yard, etc.:

пошел, ходил в лес, парк и т. д. went TO

вошел в парк, лес и т. д. went INTO

(преодолел какое-то расстояние прежде, чем дошел)

(был рядом и вошел внутрь)

114 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 143

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги to или into.

1. Я пошел в сад. 2. Я вошел в сад. 3. Мы по­шли в лес. 4. Мы вошли в лес. 5. Идите в класс. 6. Войдите в класс. 7. Иди в парк. 8. Войди в парк. 9. Она пошла в кухню. 10. Она вошла в кухню. 11. Не ходите в магазин. 12. Не входите в мага­зин. 13. Она побежала во двор. 14. Она вбежала во двор.



Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

ГДЕ?

КУДА?

в постели in bed1 в городе in town1 за городом in the country

в постель to bed1 в город to town1 за город

to the country

Упражнение 144

Вставьте предлоги in или to.

1. In winter I usually go ... bed at ten o'clock be­cause I go... school and have to get up early. But in summer, when I don't go ... school and live ... the country, I like to go ... bed late. 2. Do you like to read ... bed? 3. We did not want to stay ... town on such a hot day, so we went ... the country. 4. It is very late. Go ... bed at once. 5. Where is your little sister? — She is ... bed. Mother always puts her ... bed at eight o'clock. 6. In summer my mother does

1 Обратите внимание на отсутствие артикля в этих слово­сочетаниях.



115

Предлоги

not go ... work and I don't go ... school. We live ... the country. My father goes ... work every day, so he stays ... town. But sometimes he comes ... the country after work and goes back ... town early in the morning, when I am still ... bed.



Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

ГДЕ?

КУДА?

на севере in the north на юге in the south на востоке in the east на западе in the west

на север to the north на юг to the south на восток to the east на запад to the west

Упражнение 145

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги on, in, at, to, into.

1. Летом они всегда ездят на юг. 2. Мой папа работает на заводе, а мама в библиотеке. Мой стар­ший брат учится в университете, а я учусь в шко­ле. Утром папа идет на завод, мама идет в биб­лиотеку, мой брат идет в университет, а я иду в школу. Наша бабушка обычно ходит в магазин утром. В магазине она покупает продукты. 3. Мой друг живет на севере. 4. Мы провели лето на юге. 5. В городе было очень жарко, и мы решили по­ехать за город. После завтрака мы поехали на вок­зал. На вокзале было много народу. Люди стояли на платформе и ждали поезда. За городом было чу­десно. Сначала мы пошли в лес. Было жарко, но, когда мы вошли в лес, стало прохладно. Потом мы подошли к реке. Мы плавали в реке, а бабушка

116 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Предлоги 117


сидела у реки на траве. Вечером мы поехали в город. 6. Владивосток расположен на Дальнем Востоке. 7. Вчера мы были в театре. 8. Позавче­ра мы были в парке. 9. Завтра мы пойдем в кино или в музей. 10. Где твой брат? — Он в комнате, стоит у окна. 11. Где твоя сестра? — Она в шко­ле. 12. Где ребенок? — Он в постели. Мама уло­жила его в постель полчаса назад. 13. Где твой папа? — Он на работе. 14. Где твой дедушка? — Он в парке. 15. Где Коля? — Он на стадионе.



Предлоги времени: AT

в пять часов

at five o'clock

в полдень

at noon

в полночь

at midnight

на восходе солнца at sunrise

на закате

at sunset

Упражнение 146

Переведите на английский язык следующие сло­восочетания.

В четыре часа, в половине шестого, без четвер­ти три, на закате, в четверть пятого, в полночь, в пять минут шестого, без десяти два, в полдень, на восходе солнца, в двадцать пять третьего.


Упражнение 147

Вставьте предлоги at или on.

1. I get up ... seven o'clock or ... a quarter past seven. 2. ... Sunday I usually get up ... nine o'clock or ... half past nine. But last Sunday I slept very long and got up only ... noon. 3. My birthday is ... the ninth of July. 4. The school year begins ... the first of September. 5. ... the twenty-fifth of Decem­ber people celebrate Christmas. 6. ... Wednesday I usually have a lot of homework. 7. Lev Tolstoy liked to get up ... sunrise. 8. Our lessons are usually over ... twenty minutes to two. 9. They returned from the wood ... sunset. 10. I began writing my composition ... seven o'clock and finished only ... midnight.



Предлоги времени: IN


в 1997 году in 1997


в марте in March

Ho:

в этом году J_ this year


в прошлом году s_ last year


в будущем году S_ next year

А также:

в этом месяце S_ this month


в прошлом месяце S_ last month


в будущем месяце S_ next month

А также:

на этой неделе £ this week


на прошлой неделе Ц last week


на будущей неделе S_ next week


Предлоги времени: ON

в воскресенье on Sunday пятого марта on the 5th of March


Упражнение 148

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги at, on, in, to.

В прошлом месяце моя тетя не ходила на рабо­ту. Она вставала в десять часов и ложилась спать

118 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Предлоги 119


в полночь. Она часто ходила в театр и в кино. Но в этом месяце она встает на восходе солнца, пото­му что она опять ходит на работу. Она работает в нашем университете. Учебный год в университете начинается в сентябре, а кончается в мае. В янва­ре и в июне студенты сдают экзамены. Тетя ходит в университет во вторник, в среду, в четверг и в субботу. В понедельник она всегда работает в биб­лиотеке. В пятницу она обычно ездит за город. Она встает в семь часов и едет на вокзал. За городом она проводит целый день и возвращается в город на закате. На будущей неделе моя тетя поедет в Лондон, а в будущем году — в Нью-Йорк.


в море. В полдень мы обедали и отдыхали. Вече­ром мы ходили в парк. На закате мы часто ходи­ли к морю и возвращались домой в половине одиннадцатого или в одиннадцать. 8. В будущем году мы поедем на Дальний Восток. 9. На буду­щей неделе я пойду в театр. 10. Диккенс родил­ся в 1812 году.

Предлоги времени: BY

к пяти часам by 5 o'clock

к 2010 году by 2010

к завтрашнему дню by tomorrow


[pic] [pic] Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания с предлогом in.

весной in spring утром in the morning

летом in summer днем in the afternoon

осенью in autumn вечером in the evening

зимой in winter Но: ночью at night


Предлоги времени: SINCE

с прошлого года s/лсе last year

с весны s/лсе spring

с 1998 года since 1998

с утра since morning

с трех часов since 3 o'clock


Упражнение 149

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Четвертого июня мы поедем за город. 2. Я люб­лю ходить в парк осенью. 3. На этой неделе мы будем встречать наших друзей в аэропорту. Само­лет прибывает в семь часов вечера. Я думаю, что мы ляжем спать только в полночь. 4. Прошлой зимой он часто ходил на каток в воскресенье. 5. На прошлой неделе мы ходили в Русский му­зей. 6. Летом солнце встает рано утром, а садится поздно вечером. 7. Прошлым летом мы ездили на юг. Когда мы были на юге, мы ходили к морю каждый день. Мы вставали на рассвете и купались


Упражнение 150

Переведите на английский язык следующие сло­восочетания.

В пять часов, к пяти часам, с пяти часов, в пол­день, к полудню, с полудня, с полуночи, к полу­ночи, в полночь, с прошлого года, в прошлом году, в этом году, к 2005 году, к двадцатому февраля, двадцатого февраля, с утра, к ночи, ночью, к пер­вому ноября, в ноябре, с лета, во вторник, к пят­нице, в половине третьего, к завтрашнему дню, на восходе солнца, к весне, весной, прошлой весной, с прошлой весны, к зиме, в будущем году, к буду­щему году, со вчерашнего дня.

120 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Предлоги


121


Обратите внимание на употребление Present Perfect в отрицательных предложениях с предлогом since:

I haven't been to the Hermitage since winter.

Упражнение 151

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я не слышал эту песню с прошлой зимы. 2. Она не была в театре с прошлого месяца. 3. Мы не разговаривали об этом с прошлой недели. 4. Ты не подходила к роялю с понедельника. 5. Сейчас уже вечер, а ты с трех часов ничего не сделал. 6. Мы не были в Москве с 1999 года. 7. Он не пи­сал нам с прошлого года. 8. Я не видел его со вче­рашнего дня. 9. Она не ела с самого утра. 10. Мы не играли в футбол с лета.

Запомните:

через час in an hour

через год in a year

через два дня in two days

через несколько минут in a few minutes


минут. Мы поехали на вокзал. Через полчаса мы были на вокзале. На платформе мы встретили сво­их друзей. Через час мы были уже за городом. Мы пошли в лес. Было жарко, но когда мы вошли в лес, стало прохладно. Мы провели за городом весь день и вернулись в город на закате. 2. Он придет через час. 3. Подождите, пожалуйста, я вернусь через несколько минут. 4. Мы окончим школу че­рез несколько лет. 5. Через два или три года все изменится. 6. Я не был в Эстонии с 1997 года. Будущим летом я поеду туда. Я проведу там все лето и вернусь в Санкт-Петербург к первому сен­тября.

Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения

Обратите внимание на соответствие некоторых предложных оборотов русским падежным формам:

of родительный

the leg of the table ножка стола

to дательный

explain to me объясните мне


Упражнение 152

Переведите на английский язык.

1. В прошлое воскресенье мы встали на рассве­те и к семи часам были готовы идти. В десять ми­нут восьмого мы отправились. Мы пошли на авто­бусную остановку. На остановке было мало наро­ду: в воскресенье люди не любят вставать на рас­свете. Автобус подошел к остановке через десять


Упражнение 153

Вставьте предлоги to или of.

1. The young scientist was trying to prove ... the professor the necessity ... the experiment. 2. Lon­don is the capital ... Great Britain. 3. The embank­ments ... the Neva are faced with granite. 4. It is clear ... me that you don't know your lesson. 5. He was devoted ... his friend. 6.1 explained ... the teach­er that by the end ... the leseon I had not finished

122 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Предлоги 123


the translation ... the text and that's why I had not handed it ... him. The surprise ... the teacher was great. My explanation seemed strange ... the teach­er. 7. He bought a book ... English poems and gave it ... his sister. 8. I wrote ... him asking to send me a box ... chocolates. 9. The roof ... the house is very old. 10. There is a monument ... Pushkin in Arts Square. 11.Would you like to try a piece ... lemon pie? 12. He was standing outside the door ... his house and explaining ... the mechanic what was wrong with his car. 13. He gave her a big bunch ... beautiful flowers. 14. I sent a letter ... my friend.

15. The streets ... St. Petersburg are straight.

16. Many pages ... this book are torn.

Сочетания существительных с предлогами with и by соответствуют русскому творительному падежу.

Не путайте употребление этих предлогов:

with обозначает орудие (чем произведено дей­ствие)

by обозначает деятеля (кто совершил действие)

  • with a knife ножом

  • by my brother братом

Упражнение 154

Вставьте предлоги with или by.

1. Не was taken to hospital ... an ambulance. 2. He was treated ... very effective drugs. 3. He was cured ... a very skilful doctor. 4. He wrote his letter ... a pencil. 5. He was scolded ... his mother. 6. The boy cut his finger ... a knife. 7. The boat was car­ried ... the waves into the open sea. 8. The teacher was pleased ... our work. 9. America was discovered ... Columbus. 10. "Hamlet" was written ... Shakes­peare. 11. We eat soup ... a spoon. 12. He was killed


... a knife. 13. He was killed ... the robbers. 14. He was knocked down ... a big stick. 15. He was knocked down ... a car.

Запомните употребление предлогов со следующими глаголами и выражениями:

They waited for me. Они ждали меня. They looked at me. Они смотрели на меня. They spoke to me. Они говорили со мной. They listened to me. Они слушали меня. They laughed at me. Они смеялись надо мной. They complained of illnesses. Они жаловались на

болезни. They complained about2 me. Они жаловались на меня They were afraid of me. Они боялись меня. They answered s my question. Они ответили на

мой вопрос. They entered s the room. Они вошли в комнату. They turned ^ the corner. Они повернули за угол.

Упражнение 155

Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо.

1. We tried to speak ... him, but he did not want to listen ... us. He did not even look ... us and did not answer ... our questions. 2. Your brother com­plains ... you. He says you always laugh ... him, nev­er speak ... him and never answer ... his questions. 3. When I entered ... the room, everybody looked ...

  1. Complain p_f употребляется при жалобах на боли или бо­лезни.

  2. Complain about — в остальных случаях. См. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture, p. 256:1) He went to the doctor complaining of difficulty in breathing. 2) They complained bitterly about the injustice of the system.

124 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Предлоги


125


me with surprise: they had not expected ... me. 4. At the end ... the street she turned ... the corner, walked ... the bus stop and began waiting ... the bus. 5. My mother is afraid ... rats. 6. "What do you complain ...?" asked the doctor. 7. Don't enter ... the room. 8. What are you laughing ... ? 9. They did not want to listen ... me. 10. Wait... me. I'll be back ... a few minutes. 11. Yesterday the teacher spoke ... us about the architecture ... St. Petersburg. 12. My grand­mother often complains ... headache. 13. I am sor­ry, I cannot speak ... you now, the professor is wait­ing ... me. I must go ... the institute and explain ... him some details ... our work. Come ... the evening, I shall listen ... you very attentively and answer ... all your questions. 14. Turn ... the corner ... the house and look ... the flowers grown ... my mother: aren't they beautiful? 15. He was an excellent pu­pil, and the teachers never complained ... him. 16. She complained ... feeling bad and could not an­swer ... the questions ... the teacher. 17. ... nine o'clock the lecturer entered ... the hall, walked up ... the table, put his bag ... it, looked ... everybody and began his lecture. The lecture, as all the lectures ... this professor, was very interesting, and the stu­dents listened ... him with great attention.



внимание на способы

перевода русско-

го предлога через:




через час

in an hour




через дорогу

across the road




через поле -

- across the field




через лес

through the wood




через реку (вброд, вплавь, на лодке)





across

the

river

через реку (по мосту, по воздуху)

over

the

river

через забор

over the fence






Обратите внимание на способы перевода русско-

го предлога по:

по

улице

- along (down) the street

по

реке

down (up) the river

по

морю

across the sea

по

городу -

about the town

по

комнате

about the room

по

коридору along the corridor

по

стране -

about the country

Упражнение 156

Переведите на английский язык, обращая внима­ние на способы перевода предлогов через и по.

1. Пройдите по этому коридору, заверните за угол в конце коридора и войдите в первую комна­ту. 2. Через пять минут все сидели за столом и слушали бабушку. 3. Он смотрел на лодки, плы­вущие по реке. 4. В прошлом году мы путешество­вали по Европе. 5. Он шел по улице и смотрел на лица прохожих. 6. Собака подбежала к реке, прыгнула в воду, переплыла реку и вбежала в лес. 7. Он перешел дорогу и вошел в кафе. 8. Она хо­дила по комнате. 9. Они плавали по южным мо­рям. 10. Иди по этой дорожке через поле и через лес, и через два-три часа ты подойдешь к реке. 11. Они гуляли по городу с рассвета до заката, го­ворили со многими людьми, смотрели на прекрас­ные дворцы и памятники. Вечером они вернулись в гостиницу усталые, но довольные. 12. Том Сойер перепрыгнул через забор и побежал по улице. Че­рез несколько секунд он повернул за угол и исчез.

Употребление времен


127


УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕН



Спряжение глагола to be (быть)

в Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)

1 am



1 am not

He is



He is not

She is



She is not

It is



It is not

We are



We are not

You are



You are not

They are



They are not

Am 1?


Yes, 1 am.


No, 1 am not.

Is he?


Yes, he is.


No, he isn't.

Is she?


Yes, she is.


No, she isn't.

Is it?


Yes, it is.


No, it isn't.

Are we?


Yes, we are.


No, we aren't.

Are you?


Yes, you are


No, you aren't.

Are they?


Yes, they are.

No, they aren't.


Упражнение 157

Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.

1. What ... your name? — My name ... Shirley Frank. 2. What ... your address? — My address ... 175 Grand Central Parkway. 3. What... your phone number? — My phone number ... 718-1930.

  1. Where ... you from? — I ... from New York.

  2. I ... a pupil. 6. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 7. ... your aunt a doctor? — Yes, she .... 8. ... they at home? — No, they ... not at home, they ... at work. 9. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 10. ... you an engineer? — Yes, I ... . 11. ... your sister a typist? — No, she ... not a typist, she ... a student. 12. ... your brother at school? — Yes, he ... . 13. ... your sister at school? — No, she ... not at school. 14. My sister ... at home. 15. ... this your watch? — Yes, it ... . 16. She ... an actress. 17. This ... my bag. 18. My uncle ... an office work­er. 19. He ... at work. 20. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ... on the walls. She has much paper. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. It ... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He ... a student. He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.

Упражнение 158

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­гол to be в Present Simple.

1. Как тебя зовут? — Меня зовут Аня. 2. Ка­кой твой адрес? — Мой адрес: Оксфорд Стрит, 45. 3. Откуда ты родом? (... приехала?) — Я из Лон­дона. 4. Кто он (на фотографии)? — Это мой отец. 5. Как его зовут? — Его зовут Джон. 6. Где он? — Он в Лондоне. 7. Я Лена, а это Коля. Он мой

128 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен 129


брат. Ему 10 лет, а мне 12 лет. Мы из Петербур­га. 8. Я ученик. Я в школе. 9. Мой брат — худож­ник. Он не инженер. 10. Моя сестра на работе. Она врач. 11. Он студент. 12. Вы студент? — Нет, я врач. 13. Моя сестра дома. 14. Мы не в школе. Мы дома. 15. Мой брат — ученик. Он в школе. 16. Ваша мама дома? — Нет, она на работе. 17. Ваш двоюродный брат дома? — Нет, он в школе. Он ученик. 18. Ваша сестра — учительница? — Нет, она студентка. 19. Твой папа на работе? — Нет, он дома. 20. Твоя сестра — машинистка? — Да. — Она дома? — Нет, она на работе. 21. Мой де­душка — ученый. 22. Моя мама — не учитель­ница. Она врач.

Упражнение 159

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­гол to be в Present Simple.

1. Меня зовут Катя. 2. Мне 14 лет. 3. Я рус­ская. Я из Санкт-Петербурга. 4. Я ученица. 5. Мой любимый вид спорта — теннис. 6. Я ин­тересуюсь музыкой. 7. Мой любимый предмет — английский язык. 8. Мой папа — программист. Он не интересуется политикой. 9. Моя мама — зубной врач. Она интересуется искусством. 10. Мы всегда заняты, но мы очень счастливы быть вместе. 11. Чья это ручка? — Это моя руч­ка. 12. Чья это книга? — Это ваша книга. 13. Чей это стол? — Это стол моего брата. 14. Чья это сум­ка? — Это сумка моей мамы. 15. Чей это каран­даш? — Это карандаш моей сестры. 16. Это твоя тетрадь? — Да. 17. Это тетрадь твоего брата? — Нет, это моя тетрадь. 18. Где ваш стол? — Он посередине комнаты. 19. Где твоя ручка? — Она в моем кармане. 20. Где твоя тетрадь? — Она на


столе. 21. Где твоя мама? — Она на работе. 22. Где твой брат? — Он в школе. 23. Где твоя сестра? — Она дома. 24. Чей это карандаш? — Это мой карандаш. — А где мой карандаш? — Он на столе. 25. Чьи это часы? — Это мои часы. — А где мои часы? — Они на столе.

Упражнение 160

Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.

1. Where ... you? — I... in the kitchen. 2. Where ... Fred? — He ... in the garage. 3. Where ... Lisa and John? — They .. at college. 4. ... you busy? — No, I... not. Mike ... busy. He ... the busiest person I've ever met. 5. It... ten o'clock. She ... late again. 6. How ... you? — I ... not very well today. — I ... sorry to hear that. 7. We ... interested in classical music. 8. Vera ... afraid of snakes. 9. My grandmoth­er ... not nervous and she ... rarely upset. She ... the kindest person I've ever seen. My grandmother ... really wonderful. 10. I ... sorry. They ... not at the office at the moment. 11. Where ... the keys? — In your jacket. 12. What... the time, please? — Two o'clock. 13. It ... the biggest meal I've ever had. 14. Which sport do you think ... the most danger­ous? 15. Chess and aerobics ... not as exciting as sky­diving and figure skating. 16. Debt... the worst kind of poverty. 17. The game ... not worth the candle. 18. Do you have any idea where he ... ? 19. Used cars ... cheaper but less reliable than new cars.

  1. What ... the weather forecast for tomorrow?

  2. Art ... long, life ... short. 22. You ... the best friend I've ever had. 23. I don't remember what his telephone number .... 24. Two heads ... better than one. 25. You ... right. That ... a lot of money! Cof­fee ... very expensive this week.

5 Ю. Голицынский

130 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


131


Спряжение глагола to be (быть) в Past Simple Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)

1 was He was She was It was

We were You were They were

1 was not He was not She was not It was not

We were not You were not They were not

Was 1? Was he? Was she? Was it?

Were we? Were you? Were they?

Yes, 1 was. Yes, he was. Yes, she was. Yes, it was.

Yes, we were. Yes, you were. Yes, they were.

No, 1 wasn't. No, he wasn't. No, she wasn't. No, it wasn't.

No, we weren't. No, you weren't. No, they weren't.

Упражнение 161

Вставьте глагол to fee в Past Simple.

My aunt ... very depressed last Sunday. The weather ... terrible. It ... cold and rainy. Her hus­band ... not at home. He ... at hospital because he ... sick. Her children ... not at school. They ... not in the yard, they ... in the living room. The TV ... broken. The children ... not only upset, they ... very angry. The neighbours ... not happy because her chil­dren ... too noisy.

The house ... not clean. The sink ... broken. There ... dirty dishes on the kitchen table and in the sink. There ... nothing in the fridge. There ... no vegeta­bles for dinner, there ... no juice for her children. There ... not even bread in the house! She ... tired and hungry. She ... just exhausted.


Упражнение 162

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­гол to fee в Present Simple или Past Simple.

1. Погода была прекрасная. Было тепло и солнеч­но. Мои дети были в школе, а мой муж был на ра­боте. Я была в саду. Там было много красивых цве­тов. Это было в мае. Я была счастлива. 2. Я уче­ник. 3. Он летчик. 4. Она доктор. 5. Мы школь­ники. 6. Вы рабочие. 7. Ты рабочий. 8. Они уче­ники. 9. Я дома. 10. Он в школе. 11. Она в кино? 12. Мы в парке. 13. Они в театре? 14. Она моло­дая? 15. Он старый. 16. Она не старая. 17. Они сильные. 18. Она больна. 19. Вы больны? 20. Он болен? 21. Я не болен. 22. Я был болен вчера. 23. Она не была больна. 24. Мы были в кино.



Спряжение глагола to be (быть) в Future Simple Tense (Future Indefinite Tense)

1 shall be He will be She will be It will be

We shall be You will be They will be

1 shall not be He will not be She will not be It will not be

We shall not be You will not be They will not be

Shall 1 be? Will he be? Will she be? Will it be?

Shall we be? Will you be? Will they be?

Yes, 1 shall. Yes, he will. Yes, she will. Yes, it will.

Yes, we shall. Yes, you will. Yes, they will.

No, 1 shan't. No, he won't. No, she won't. No, it won't.

No, we shan't. No, you won't. No, they won't.

132 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


133


Упражнение 163

Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. The students ... in the Russian Museum. 2. Last month they ... in the Hermitage. There ... an interest­ing exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they ... in the Tretyakov Gallery. They ... lucky. 4. My father ... a teacher. 5. He ... a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I ... a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister ... not ... at home tomorrow. 8. She ... at school tomorrow. 9. ... you ... at home tomorrow? 10. ... your father at work yesterday? 11. My sister ... ill last week. 12. She ... not ill now. 13. Yesterday we ... at the theatre. 14. Where ... your mother now? — She ... in the kitchen. 15. Where ... you yesterday? — I ... at the cinema. 16. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ... at home. 17. ... your little sister in bed now? — Yes, she .... 18. ... you ... at school tomor­row? — Yes, I ... . 19. When my granny ... young, she ... an actress. 20. My friend ... in Moscow now. 21. He ... in St. Petersburg tomorrow. 22. Where ... your books now? — They ... in my bag.

Упражнение 164

Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

Ronald Frank ... a managing director of the First Bank of Kings ville on Main Street. He ... always on a business trip. Yesterday he ... in Geneva. Tomor­row he ... in London. Last week he ... in Chicago. Next week he ... in New Orleans. At the moment he ... in Amsterdam. In two hours he ... in the Hague.


Three days ago he ... in Paris. At the end of his trip he ... usually very tired but happy. He ... with his family now. His sons ... so much excited. They have got new toys from their father. Everybody in the family ... very glad to see him at home again.

Упражнение 165

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­гол to be в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. Вчера они были в библиотеке. 2. Сейчас они в школе. 3. Завтра они будут в театре. 4. В дан­ный момент его здесь нет. 5. В воскресенье он бу­дет на концерте. 6. В прошлую субботу он был на стадионе. 7. Мой брат сейчас в школе. 8. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 9. Мой брат будет завтра дома. 10. Ты будешь дома завтра? 11. Она была вчера в парке? 12. Он сейчас во дворе? 13. Где папа? 14. Где вы были вчера? 15. Где он будет завтра?

  1. Мои книги были на столе. Где они сейчас?

  2. Моя мама вчера не была на работе. Она была дома. 18. Мой друг не в парке. Он в школе. 19. Завтра в три часа Коля и Миша будут во дво­ре. 20. Мы не были на юге прошлым летом. Мы были в Москве. 21. Завтра мой дедушка будет в деревне. 22. Когда твоя сестра будет дома? 23. Ты будешь летчиком? — Нет, я буду моряком. 24. Моя сестра была студенткой в прошлом году, а сейчас она врач. — Ты тоже будешь врачом? — Нет, я не буду врачом. Я буду инженером. 25. Они не были в кино. 26. Они не в школе. 27. Они дома. 28. Вы были в парке вчера? 29. Он был в школе вчера? 30. Он был рабочим. 31. Она была учитель­ницей.

134 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


135


Спряжение глагола to work (работать)

в Present Continuous Tense

(Present Progressive Tense)

(действие в процессе, совершается в тот момент, когда

о нем говорят)

1 am working

1 am not working

Не is working

He is not working

She is working

She is not working

It is working

It is not working

We are working

We are not working

You are working

You are not working

They are working

They are not working

Am 1 working?

Yes, 1 am.

No, 1 am not.

Is he working?

Yes, he is.

No, he isn't.

Is she working?

Yes, she is.

No, she isn't.

Is it working?

Yes, it is.

No, it isn't.

Are we working?

Yes, we are.

No, we aren't.

Are you working?

Yes, you are.

No, you aren't.

Are they working?

Yes, they are.

No, they aren't.

Упражнение 166

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

(NOW) 1. Timothy (to feed) his dog. 2. Mr. Jones (to clean) his yard. 3. Nancy (to paint) her kitchen. 4. Our neighbours (to wash) their car. 5. I (to wash) my hair. 6. Who (to fix) your sink? 7. What she (to do) now? — She (to dance). 8. The children (to brush) their teeth. 9. What he (do) at the moment? — He (to fix) his bicycle. 10. They (to have) a big dinner together. 11. The boys (to run) about in the garden.


12. I (to do) my homework. 13. John and his friends (to go) to the library. 14. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) geography. 15. A young man (to stand) at the window. He (to smoke) a cigarette. 16. The old man (to walk) about the room. 17. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 18. You (to have) a break? 19. What language you (to study)? 20. Who (to lie) on the sofa? 21. What they (to talk) about? 22. It still (to rain). 23. I (to open) an umbrella. 24. John (to play) computer games.

Упражнение 167

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

(NOW) It (not to rain) any more, it (to clear) up and the sun (to shine). The jazz band (to play) in the park. A lot of people (to listen) to the music and they really (to have) a good time. But they (not to dance) yet. There is a coffee shop there. Only seven people (to sit) there, and only five people (to wait) in the queue. Some people (to have) sandwiches and (to drink) coffee, tea or fruit juices. Boys and girls over there (to laugh) and (to make) a lot of noise. They (to play) games and Tom (to take) pictures. So what (to go) on?

Упражнение 168

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous.

(СЕЙЧАС) 1. Я читаю. 2. Он не пишет. 3. Мы не работаем. 4. Вы читаете? 5. Он спит? 6. Коля и Миша играют в футбол. 7. Катя играет на рояле.

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8. Она не поет. 9. Моя сестра спит. 10. Папа пьет чай? 11. Твои родители пьют чай? 12. Я не сплю. 13. Она сидит за столом. 14. Мы делаем упражне­ние. 15. Мы не купаемся. 16. Они играют во дво­ре? 17. Нина и Аня моют пол. 18. Коля помогает маме. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Моя сестра читает интересную книгу. 21. Они идут в школу. 22. Вы идете в школу? 23. Он работает? 24. Твоя бабушка идет в магазин? 25. Он покупает конфе­ты. 26. Что делает твоя сестра? 27. Где играют дети? 28. Почему ты смеешься? 29. Куда они идут? 30. Что несут эти мальчики? 31. Я сижу в парке на скамейке и кормлю птиц. 32. Мама си­дит на диване в гостиной и смотрит телевизор. 33. Это фотография моих друзей. Том играет на ги­таре, а Джейн поет. 34. А здесь они танцуют на моем дне рождения.



Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)

(действие совершается обычно)

1 work He works She works It works

We work You work They work

1 do not work He does not work She does not work It does not work

We do not work You do not work They do not work

Do 1 work? Does he work? Does she work? Does it work?

Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?

Yes, 1 do. Yes, he does. Yes, she does. Yes, it does.

Yes, we do. Yes, you do. Yes, they do.

No, 1 don't. No, he doesn't. No, she doesn't. No, it doesn't.

No, we don't. No, you don't. No, they don't.


Упражнение 169

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

(USUALLY) 1. My working day (to begin) at sev­en o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).

2. My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 3. She (to be) a schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the af­ternoon. 4. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 5. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 6. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 7. It (to take) him two hours to do his homework. 8. She (to speak) French well.

Упражнение 170

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

(USUALLY) 1. Andrea Schatzmann, an exchange student from Switzerland, (to live) with the Connor family in San Francisco. She (to get) up at 7 am and (to take) a shower. She normally (not to have) break­fast. At half past seven she (to catch) the bus. Her first class (to start) at a quarter past eight. She al­ways (to have) lunch at 12 o'clock in the cafeteria. The cafeteria food (to be) OK and it (to be) cheap too. Her afternoon classes (to be) from 1.15 till 3.00 pm, so she (to be) at school all day. She usually (to have) dinner with the Connors at about 8.00. On Sat-

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urdays she (to have) lunch at the restaurant. Once a week, usually on Sunday mornings, she (to go) swimming. A few friends usually (to go) along, too. One of her friends has got a car, so he (to pick) them up and then he (to drive) them home. After swim­ming they often (to go) out for a pizza. On Saturday evenings she sometimes (to go) out with friends to a party or maybe to a concert. Sometimes she (to in­vite) friends to her house and they (to listen) to music and (to talk). Mr. and Mrs. Connor often (to take) them for a camping weekend to the seaside or to the mountains. From time to time she (to call) her family in Switzerland. They never (to talk) for very long because it (to be) expensive. She usually (to call) on Sundays because it (to be) cheaper then.

2. What time Andrea usually (to get) up? 3. When she (to catch) the bus? 4. She (to take) a shower in the morning? 5. She (to go) home for lunch? 6. When she (to go) swimming? 7. How she (to get) to the pool? 8. What she (to do) on Saturday evenings?

Упражнение 171

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Simple.

(ОБЫЧНО) 1. Я работаю. 2. Мы работаем. 3. Они не работают. 4. Вы работаете? — Да. 5. Он работает? — Нет. Он учится. 6. Мой брат не учит­ся. Он работает. 7. Ты носишь очки? 8. Вы помо­гаете людям? 9. Он любит читать сказки? 10. Она любит играть на скрипке? 11. Моя сестра не чита­ет книг. 12. Наша бабушка любит спать на дива­не. 13. Вы любите отдыхать в кресле? 14. Мы едим и пьем в кухне. 15. Мой брат не любит читать га­зеты. 16. Мы спим в спальне. 17. Мой брат спит на диване в жилой комнате. 18. Моя сестра оде-


вается перед зеркалом. 19. Мой дядя пишет кни­ги. 20. Мы пишем упражнения в школе. 21. Я тра­чу свои карманные деньги на мороженое. 22. Он читает все время и не любит смотреть телевизор.

Упражнение 172

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Simple.

1. Где ты живешь? — Я живу в Москве. 2. Ког­да у тебя каникулы? — В январе. 3. Что тебе боль­ше всего нравится в школе? 4. Мой брат работает в больнице. Он врач. Он встает в двадцать минут восьмого. Он работает утром и днем. Вечером он не работает. Вечером он отдыхает. 5. Твоя сестра говорит по-французски? — Нет. Она говорит по-немецки, а ее муж говорит по-английски. 6. Ког­да вы встаете? — Я встаю без четверти семь. 7. Когда встает твой брат? — Он встает без двад­цати восемь. — А твоя сестра тоже встает без двад­цати восемь? — Нет. Мой брат ходит в школу, а моя сестра не ходит в школу. Она еще не учени­ца. Она встает в девять часов. 8. Он не моет руки перед едой. 9. Этот мальчик свистит в классе. 10. Он не играет ни на каком музыкальном инстру­менте. 11. Но мальчик играет в футбол и любит смотреть мультипликационные фильмы. 12. Он лю­бит школьные каникулы, особенно летние. 13. День рождения у мальчика 31 декабря. 14. Поэтому он получает много подарков.

Упражнение 173

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Simple.

Мой дядя — инженер. Он очень занят. Его ра­бочий день начинается рано утром. Он встает в

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семь часов. Он умывается, одевается и завтрака­ет. После завтрака он идет на работу. Он работа­ет в институте. Он любит свою работу. Он женат. Его жена — врач. Она работает в больнице. Ве­чером она изучает французский язык. Она посе­щает курсы французского языка. Мой дядя не говорит по-французски. Он говорит по-русски и по-немецки. Он изучает английский язык. Вече­ром он посещает курсы английского языка. Сын моего дяди — ученик. Он ходит в школу. В шко­ле он изучает английский язык.

Сравните употребление Present Continuous и Present Simple

Упражнение 174

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

  1. I (to take) my sister I (to take) her to school to school now. every day.

  2. He (to help) his He (to help) his father father now. very often.

  3. At the moment they They usually (to go) to (to go) to the river the river for a swim. for a swim.



4.

She (to play) the

She (to play) the violin


violin now.

every day.

5.

I (to read) now.

I (to read) every day.

6.

He (to sleep) now.

He (to sleep) every night.

7.

We (to drink) tea

We (to drink) tea every


now.

morning.



  1. They (to go) to school now.

  2. I (not to sleep) now.


  1. She (not to drink) coffee now.

  2. We (not to watch) TV now.

  3. They (not to eat) now.

  4. My mother (not to work) now.

  5. You (to work) now?

  6. He (to play) now?

  7. They (to eat) now?

  8. Your sister (to rest) now?

  9. What you (to do) now?

  10. What you (to read) now?

  11. What they (to eat) now?

  12. What your brother (to drink) now?

  13. Everybody (to have) a good time now?

  14. She (to take) medi­cine now?

  15. Where they (to go) now?

  16. They (to speak) English now?


They (to go) to school

every morning. I (not to sleep) in the

daytime. She (not to drink) coffee

after lunch. We (not to watch) TV in

the morning. They (not to eat) at the

lesson. My mother (not to work)

at an office. You (to work) every day? He (to play) in the after­noon? They (to eat) at school? Your sister (to rest) after

school? What you (to do) every

morning? What you (to read) after

dinner? What they (to eat) for

breakfast? What your brother (to

drink) in the evening? Everybody (to have)

a good time every

Saturday? How often she (to take)

medicine? Where they (to go) on

Sunday? What language they usu­ally (to speak)?

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Упражнение 175

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. Не (to work) in the centre of Chicago. 2. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago? 3. He (not to work) in the centre of Chicago. 4. They (to read) many books. 5. They (to read) many books? 6. They (not to read) many books. 7. The children (to eat) soup now. 8. The children (to eat) soup now? 9. The children (not to eat) soup now. 10. You (to play) vol­leyball well? 11. When you (to play) volleyball? 12. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 13. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening? 14. We (not to dance) every day. 15. Look! Kate (to dance). 16. Kate (to sing) well? 17. Where he (to go) in the morning? 18. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 19. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 20. When you (to sleep)? 21. Nina (not to sleep) now. 22. Where John (to live)? — He (to live) in England. 23. My friends from Switzerland (to speak) four languages. 24. Elvire (to speak) English, German and French? — Yes, she .... 25. She only (not to speak) Italian.

Упражнение 176

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. Tom (to play) football on Saturday. 2. He (not to play) football every day. 3. I (to wear) a suit now. 4. I (not to wear) jeans now. 5. My friend (not to like) to play football. 6. I (not to read) now. 7. He (to sleep) now? 8. We (not to go) to the country in winter. 9. My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 10. She (not to eat) sweets now. 11. They (to do) their homework in the afternoon. 12. They (not to


go) for a walk in the evening. 13. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 14. He (to work) every day. 15.1 (to read) books in the evening. 16. I (not to read) books in the morning. 17. I (to write) an exercise now. 18. I (not to write) a letter now. 19. They (to play) in the yard now. 20. They (not to play) in the street now. 21. They (to play) in the room now? 22. He (to help) his mother every day. 23. He (to help) his mother eve­ry day? 24. He (not to help) his mother every day. 25. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 26. She (to work) in a shop now? 27. He (to deliver) letters now? 28. You (to go) to the opera with your friends?

Упражнение 177

Раскройте скобки, употреблял глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 2. Pat (not to cook) dinner at the moment. She (to talk) on the phone. She (to cook) dinner every Monday. 3. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exer­cise. 4. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 5. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 6. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 7. Look! The baby (to sleep). 8. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 9. My grand­mother (not to work). She is on pension. 10. My fa­ther (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 11.1 usually (to get) up at seven o'clock in the morn­ing. 12. What your sister (to do) now? — She (to wash) her face and hands. 13. When you usually (to come) home from school? — I (to come) at three o'clock. 14. Where your cousin (to work)? — He (to work) at a hospital. 15. Your sister (to study) at college? — No, she (to go) to school. 16. My

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cousin (to go) to school every day. 17. My mother (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the morning. 18. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio? 19. Who (to make) breakfast for you now? 20. You (to read) a magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment? 21. They (to be) good dancers but they (not to go) to discos very of­ten. 22. What she (to talk) about right now?

Упражнение 178

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the doctor's now. 2. I (not to work) in my office now. 3. Eric (to talk) about his holiday plans, but Kenny (not to lis­ten) to him. He (to think) about his new car at the moment. 4. My friend (to live) in St. Petersburg. 5. My cousin (not to live) in Moscow. 6. The chil­dren (not to sleep) now. 7. The children (to play) in the yard every day. 8. They (not to go) to the stadi­um on Monday. 9. She (to read) in the evening. 10. She (not to read) in the morning. 11. She (not to read) now. 12.1 (to write) a composition now. 13.1 (not to drink) milk now. 14. I (to go) for a walk after dinner. 15. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sun­day. 16. He (not to read) now. 17. He (to play) now. 18. He (to play) now? 19. My mother (to work) at a factory. 20. My aunt (not to work) at a shop. 21. You (to work) at an office? 22. Your father (to work) at this factory? 23. You (to play) chess now? 24. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 25. How is your brother? — He is not well yet, but his health (to improve) day after day. 26. Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room? 27. Henry usually (to wear) glasses and now


he (to wear) sunglasses. 28. Who (to listen) to mu­sic on his personal" stereo over there right now?

Запомните глаголы, не употребляющиеся во вре­менах группы Continuous: to be, to know, to understand, to think, to recognize, to want, to like, to see, to hear, to feel, to have1. Эти глаголы надо употреблять в Present Simple, даже если действие совершается в момент речи.

Упражнение 179

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. I (not to know) what to give my brother for his birthday. 2. They (to want) to publish this book in July? 3. She (to think) he (to drive) dangerously. 4. He (to understand) that he (to eat) noisily, but he always (to forget) about it. 5. Who that man (to be) who (to stand) in the doorway? — You (not to rec­ognize) him? It (to be) John, my cousin. 6.1 (to have) no time now, I (to have) dinner. 7. Your family (to leave) St. Petersburg in summer? — Yes, we always (to go) to the seaside. We all (to like) the sea. Moth­er (to stay) with us to the end of August, but father (to return) much earlier. 8. Where Tom and Nick (to be) now? — They (to have) a smoke in the garden. 9. What you (to do) here now? — We (to listen) to tape recordings. 10. You (to want) to see my father? — Yes, I ... . 11. Michael (to know) German rather well. He (to want) to know English, too, but he (to have) little time for it now. 12. What magazine you

1 to have — только в своем прямом значении «иметь». В словосочетаниях типа "to have breakfast", "to have a lesson", "to have a smoke" глагол to have употребляется также и во вре­менах группы Continuous.

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(to read)? — It (to be) a French magazine. There (to be) good articles on sports here. You (to be) in­terested in sports? — Yes, I ... . But I (not to know) French. 13. We (to have) an English lesson now.

  1. He (to feel) in a position to lend her money.

  2. I (to think) she (not to feel) safe there. 16. You (to see) what I (to mean)? 17. You (to hear) what she (to say)? 18. He (not to feel) at liberty to tell you the truth. 19. Ron has got a new job. He (to earn) a fortune as a managing director. They (to think) he (to be) a bag of money.

Упражнение 180

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

One Sunday Agnes and her mother went to the zoo. Agnes was very excited. She was interested in everything she saw.

"Mother, look," she said. "There (to be) a monkey in this cage. It (to eat) an apple. Now it (to give) a bite to another monkey. I (to think) monkeys (to like) apples very much."

"Yes, dear," said her mother.

"Now I (to want) to go and see the lions and ti­gers. Where they (to live), mother?"

"In that big house over there. Come along."

Agnes enjoyed herself very much in the lion house. "Mother," she said, "the tiger (to want) a drink: it (to go) to the dish of water there in the corner. And the lion (to look) right at me. You (to think) it (to want) to eat me up? When the lions and tigers (to have) their dinner, mother?"

"The keepers (to bring) them great pieces of meat every day at four o'clock. And they (to make) a big noise before their dinner time, so everybody (to know) they (to be) hungry."


Упражнение 181

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. In the evening I often (to go) to see my friends. 2. On Sunday we sometimes (to go) to the cinema or to a disco club. 3. Andrew (to get) up very early as he (to live) far from school. He (to be) never late. 4. It (to be) six o'clock in the evening now. Victor (to do) his homework. His sis­ter (to read) a book. His mother and grandmother (to talk). 5. I (to write) a letter to my grandmother who (to live) in Novgo-rod. I (to write) to her very often. 6. It (to take) me forty minutes to get to school. 7. Hello, Pete, where you (to go)? — I (to hurry) to school. 8. When your lessons (to begin) on Monday? — They (to begin) at nine o'clock. 9. Where your sister (to be)? — She (to do) her homework in the next room. 10. It usually (to take) me an hour to do my written exercises. 11. Where Boris (to be)? I (to look) for him. — He (to have) dinner. 12. I (to look) for a cassette recorder. You (to have) anything on sale? — Take a look at this little Sonic Walkman. — No, I (not to want) that kind. — Well, this Supersound might interest you. It (to be) a good size, it (to be) stereo and it (to have) a radio to listen to the news.

Упражнение 182

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. You (to keep) to any special diet? — Well, I (not to think) it (to be) good to eat a lot of meat.

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I usually (to have) meat only once a week. I (to eat) lots of fruit and vegetables. 2. He (to learn) English now because he (to want) to get a better job. 3. The teacher (to know) the girl often (not to argue) with pupils. 4. I (to think) she often (to worry). 5. Bar­bara's boss (to see) she (to be) always late for work. 6.1 (to call) my son in Cedar Falls now. I (to want) to call him every month but it (to be) very expensive. 7. You (to hear) me now? How your job (to go)? — Great! I (to enjoy) it a lot. The only problem I (to have) here (to be) that the food (to be) so good. I (to eat) too much! I (to get) really fat. 8. Ruth (to learn) English now because she (to like) learning languages and she (to want) to impress everybody. 9. Listen to that man! You (to understand) what language he (to speak)? 10. Your English (to get) better? — Yes, I (to think) so. 11. We (to know) he never (to take) risks. 12. They (to think) he (to learn) fast, he (to know) English well and he (to speak) English fluent­ly. 13. Don't disturb him. He just (to work) at his English. 14. I (not to like) to watch TV very often. But at the moment I (to enjoy) my favourite film "Gone with the Wind". And I (to be) very happy. 15. You (to have) any idea where Rick (to be)? I (not to see) him at work now. — He (to visit) his friends in Spain. 16. Hurry up! We (not to have) much time left. — I (to come)! 17. She (to try) to lose weight, I (to think). She always (to have) light lunches. 18. She (to try) to do her best. 19. My little brother (not to play) the piano very well. That (to be) why he (to practise) the piano again. 20. My grandmother (to be) busy. She (to bake) an apricote pie. She (to bake) pies every Sunday. 21. Tom (to be) tired. He (to be) embarrassed because he (to yawn) his head off. 22. I (to be) sad. That (to be) why I (to cry).



Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Future Simple Tense (Future Indefinite Tense)

(действие будет совершаться в будущем)

1 shall work Не will work She will work It will work

We shall work You will work They will work

1 shall not work He will not work She will not work It will not work

We shall not work You will not work They will not work

Shall 1 work? Will he work? Will she work? Will it work?

Shall we work? Will you work? Will they work?

Yes, 1 shall. Yes, he will. Yes, she will. Yes, it will.

Yes, we shall. Yes, you will. Yes, they will.

No, 1 shan't. No, he won't. No, she won't. No, it won't.

No, we shan't. No, you won't. No, they won't.

Упражнение 183

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple.

1. I want to get a medical checkup. I (to go) to my doctor tomorrow. 2. He (to give) me a complete examination. 3. The nurse (to lead) me into one of the examination rooms. 4. I (to take) off my clothes and (to put) on a hospital gown. 5. Dr. Setton (to come) in, (to shake) my hand, and (to say) "hello". 6. I (to stand) on his scale so he can measure my height and my weight. 7. He (to take) my pulse. 8. Then he (to take) my blood pressure. 9. After he takes my blood pressure, he (to take) some blood for a blood analysis. 10. He (to examine) my eyes, ears, nose, and throat. 11. He (to listen) to my heart with

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a stethoscope. 12. Then he (to take) a chest X-ray and (to do) a cardiogram (ECG or EKG). 13. After the checkup I (to go) home and (to wait) for Dr. Set-ton's call. 14. Dr. Setton (to call) me tomorrow after­noon and (to say) to me: "Stop worring! Your blood analysis is excellent." He is a very good doctor.

Сравните употребление Present Continuous, Present Simple и Future Simple

Упражнение 184

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.

1. I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2. I (not to play) chess tomorrow. 3. You (to play) chess tomorrow? 4. He (to play) chess every day. 5. He (not to play) chess every day. 6. He (to play) chess every day? 7. They (to play) chess now. 8. They (not to play) chess now. 9. They (to play) chess now? 10. Nick (to go) to the park now. 11. Nick (to go) to school every day. 12. Nick (to go) to school tomorrow. 13.1 (to miss) your excellent cooking! 14. You ever (to buy) presents? 15. You (to think) it (to be) easy or difficult to choose the right presents for people? 16. What present your mother (to receive) for her next birthday? 17.

A: The weather (to be) unpredictable these days. B: Well, maybe it (to be) warm and sunny. A: It (to get) cold, and look at those clouds. I (to

think) it (to be) cold and damp. B: You (to be right). It (to get) cold. My feet (to

freeze). You (to know), it might snow. A: You never (to know). They (say) fog (to cover) the

area early tomorrow morning. It (to clear) and (to

become) sunny by noon. So it might be beautiful

this afternoon, too.


В: You (to kid)? I (to freeze). Where (to be) the bus? We (to wait) for the bus now. We always (to wait) for the bus. And tomorrow we (to wait) for the bus, too.

Упражнение 185

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.

1. You (to come) to my place next Sunday? 2. You (to read) this book next week? 3. You (to read) books every day? 4. You (to read) a book now? 5. I (not to see) him tomorrow. 6. What you (to do) tomorrow? 7. What your friend (to do) tomorrow? 8. Where you (to go) next summer? 9. Where you (to go) every morning? 10. Where you (to go) now? 11. Look! Mary (to dance). 12. She (to dance) every day. 13. She (to dance) tomorrow? 14. He (to go) to the theatre tomor­row. 15. We (to go) to school in the morning. 16. Look! Kate (to go) to school. 17. You (to help) your mother tomorrow? 18.1 (not to play) the guitar now. 19. My brother (to play) the guitar every evening. 20. They (not to take) care of the garden next summer. 21". You (to like) apples? 22. You (to eat) apples tomorrow? 23. Nick (to read) many books. 24. Mother (to work) every day. 25. He (not to sleep) now. 26. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 27. We (not to go) to the zoo tomorrow. 28.1 (not to learn) the poem now. 29. She (to live) in San Francisco. 30. My father (to shoot) very well. 31. He is very strong. Look! He (to carry) a very heavy box.

Упражнение 186

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.

1. My sister (not to like) coffee. 2. When you (to go) to bed every day? 3. What he (to read) now?

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4. What he (to read) every day? 5. What he (to read) tomorrow? 6. You (to give) me this book tomorrow? 7. Where she (to be) tomorrow? 8. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 9. She (to go) to the country with us to­morrow? 10. They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 11. What you (to do) now? I (to see) that you (not to read). 12. When you (to finish) your homework? It (to be) very late, it (to be) time to go to bed. 13. How you usually (to spend) evenings? 14. What you (to do) in the country next summer? 15. They (not to drink) tea now. I (to think) they (to watch) TV.

  1. What your father (to drink) in the evening?

  2. When you (to get) up every day? — I (to get) up at seven o'clock. 18. My brother usually (not to get) up at seven o'clock. As a rule, he (to get) up at six o'clock, but tomorrow he (to get) up at seven o'clock.


  1. Why she (to come) home so late tomorrow?

  2. We (to go) to the country the day after tomor­row. 21. Our friends always (to go) to the country for the weekend. 22. Look! The kitten (to play) with its tail. 23. Your parents (to watch) TV now? 24. My sis­ter (not to rest) now. She (to help) mother in the kitch­en. She (to help) mother in the kitchen every day.

He забывайте употреблять настоящее время вме­сто будущего в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if, when, as soon as, before, after, till (until).

Упражнение 187

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени.

1. Before you (to cross) the park, you will come to a supermarket. 2. When you (to cross) the park, you will see the hospital. 3. If you (to translate) this


article into Russian, I shall use it in my report. 4. If she (to be) in St. Petersburg now, she will meet you at the railway station. 5. If you (not to hurry), you will miss the train. 6. If it (to rain), we shan't go to the country. 7. When my friend (to come) to St. Petersburg, we shall go to the Russian Museum. 8. What will you be doing when he (to come) to your place? 9. Don't forget to pay for your dinner before you (to leave) the canteen. 10. I shall be able to trans­late this article if you (to give) me a dictionary. 11. You will have to work hard at home if you (to miss) the lesson. 12. Where will you go when you (to come) to London? 13. The child won't be healthy if you (not to give) him much fruit. 14. I shan't have dinner before mother (to come) home. 15. What will you do if you (not to finish) your homework tonight? 16. She will wait for him till he (to come) back.

Упражнение 188

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения отно сятся к будущему.)

1. If I (to stay) some more days in your town, I (to call) on you and we (to have) a good talk. 2. He (to go) to the Public Library very often when he (to be) a student. 3. As soon as I (to return) from school, I (to ring) you up. 4. You (to pass) many towns and villages on your way before you (to arrive) in Mos­cow. 5. I (to stay) at home till she (to come). Then we (to go) to the theatre if she (to bring) tickets. 6. After I (to finish) school, I (to enter) the Univer­sity. 7. When he (to return) to St. Petersburg, he (to call) on us. 8. If I (to see) him, I (to tell) him about their letter. 9. We (to gather) at our place when my brother (to come) back from Africa. 10.1 (to sing) this song with you if you (to tell) me the words.

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11. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in our- country house the next time. 12. What you (to do) when you (to come) home? 13. When they (to cross) the road, they (to see) the hotel. 14. Be­fore she (to get) to the theatre, she (to go) past the shopping centre. 15. What we (to do) if it (to rain) tonight? 16. What she (to do) if she (to see) her best friend again? 17. If the bus (to be) very crowded, you (to be) exhausted by the time you (to get) to work. 18. If it (to be) very cold tonight, our car (not to start) in the morning.

Упражнение 189

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения отно­сятся к будущему.)

1. If the weather (to be) nice, we probably (to go) to the beach. 2. If he still (to have) a cold and (not to feel) better, he (not to go) to a disco. 3. If you (to decide) to forget about your diet, you (to eat) wed­ding cake tomorrow. 4. If I (to drink) too much champagne at my friend's wedding, I (to get) a bad headache. 5. If they (to go) to California next year, they (to visit) his friend in San Francisco. 6. If she (not to work) properly, her boss (to fire) her and (to hire) my sister. 7.1 (to see) you before you (to start)? 8. What he (to do) when he (to come) home? 9. Where they (to go) if the weather (to be) fine? 10. He (to ring) me up when he (to return) home. 11. If it (to rain), we (to stay) at home. 12. She (to walk) home if it (not to be) too cold. 13. I am sure he (to come) to say goodbye to us before he (to leave) St. Peters­burg. 14. Please turn off the light when you (to leave) the room. 15. If we (to be) tired, we (to stop) at a small village halfway to Moscow and (to have) a short rest and a meal there. 16. If you (to miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 17. She (to


make) all the arrangements about it before she (to fly) there. 18. Before he (to start) for London, he (to spend) a week or two at a health resort not far from here.

Упражнение 190

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения отно сятся к будущему.)

1. My grandmother is superstitious. She always says to me, "If you (to spill) salt, you should throw a little salt over your left shoulder. If you (not to do) this, you (to have) bad luck. If you (to break) a mirror, you (to have) bad luck for seven years."

  1. I (not to speak) to him until he (to apologize).

  2. Peter (to introduce) us to his friends as soon as we (to meet) them. 4. We (to go) to the station to meet Sergei when he (to come) to St. Petersburg. 5. Don't go away until mother (to come) back. Give her the note as soon as she (to come). 6. You (to go) to the library with us? — No, I ... . I (to stay) here and (to help) Jane with her grammar. I (to come) to the library after I (to finish). 7. Ring me up before you (to come). 8. I (to speak) to Mary if I (to see) her today. 9. If you (to ask) me a difficult question, I (to be) nervous. If I (to be) nervous, I (to make) a mis­take. If I (to make) a mistake, the other students (to laugh) at me. If the other students (to laugh) at me, I (to be) embarrassed. And if I (to be) embarrassed, I (to cry). So please don't ask me a difficult question!

Упражнение 191

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Continuous или Future Simple.

1. It (to be) cold in autumn. It often (to rain). A cold wind often (to blow). 2. The weather (to be)

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fine today. It (to be) warm, the sun (to shine) brightly. A soft wind (to blow). Small white clouds (to sail) in the sky. 3. Don't go out: it (to rain) heav­ily. 4. Take your raincoat with you. I am afraid it (to rain) in the evening and you (to get) wet through if you (not to put) on your raincoat. 5. Every spring birds (to come) to our garden and (to sing) in the trees. 6. Listen! Somebody (to sing) in the next room.

  1. It usually (not to snow) at this time of the year.

  2. What the weather (to be) like now? It (to snow)? — No, it ... . 9. We (to go) out of town to ski on Sunday? — Yes, we ... if it (to snow) this week and if there (to be) a lot of snow everywhere. 10. What you (to do) tomorrow? — We (to go) out of town if the weather (not to change) for the worse. You (to come) with us? — With pleasure, if only I (not to l have) too much work to do at home. 11. If we (to have) televisions at our supermarket, they (to in­form) customers about things in the store. 12. If we

(to play) music, it (to produce) the right atmosphere. 13. If we (to put) in cameras, they (to stop) people stealing things. 14. If we (to employ) more assist­ants, they (to help) our customers.

Упражнение 192

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла голы в Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. Он сделает упражнения по английскому язы­
ку, если у него не будет других дел. 2. Если я не
:
помогу ему, он не напишет контрольную работу
завтра. 3. Он не пойдет в библиотеку сегодня ве­
чером. 4. Если он не пойдет в библиотеку, он бу­
дет дома. 5. Мы будем дома завтра. 6. Если мы
будем дома завтра, мы посмотрим эту программу
по телевизору. 7. Ее не будет завтра дома. 8. Если
ее не будет завтра дома, оставьте ей записку.


9. Завтра погода будет хорошая. 10. Если завт­ра погода будет хорошая, мы поедем за город. 11. Когда она приходит в школу, она снимает пальто. 12. Когда она придет в школу, она снимет пальто. 13. Как только он вспоминает эту смеш­ную сцену, он начинает смеяться. 14. Как только он вспомнит эту смешную сцену, он начнет сме­яться. 15. Я приду домой в шесть часов. 16. Ког­да я приду домой, я позвоню вам. 17. Она позво­нит нам вечером. 18. Если она позвонит вам, по­просите ее принести мне книгу. 19. Я увижу Тома завтра. 20. Как только я увижу Тома, я расскажу ему об этом. 21. Я поеду в Париж на будущей не­деле. 22. Перед тем, как я поеду в Париж, я по­звоню вам.



Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Past Simple Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)

Правильные глаголы (действие совершалось в прошлом)

1 worked Не worked She worked It worked

We worked You worked They worked

1 did not work He did not work She did not work It did not work

We did not work You did not work They did not work

Did 1 work? Did he work? Did she work? Did it work?

Did we work? Did you work? Did they work?

Yes, 1 did. Yes, he did. Yes, she did. Yes, it did.

Yes, we did. Yes, you did. Yes, they did.

No, 1 didn't. No, he didn't. No, she didn't. No, it didn't.

No, we didn't. No, you didn't. No, they didn't.

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Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Past Simple Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)

Неправильные глаголы (действие совершалось в прошлом)

1 wrote Не wrote She wrote It wrote

We wrote You wrote They wrote

1 did not write He did not write She did not write It did not write

We did not write You did not write They did not write

Did 1 write? Did he write? Did she write? Did it write?

Did we write? Did you write? Did they write?

Yes, 1 did. Yes, he did. Yes, she did. Yes, it did.

Yes, we did. Yes, you did. Yes, they did.

No, 1 didn't. No, he didn't. No, she didn't. No, it didn't.

No, we didn't. No, you didn't. No, they didn't.

Упражнение 193

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1. What your neighbours (to do) yesterday?

  1. Mr. Smith (to fix) his car yesterday morning.

  2. His wife (to water) plants in the garden. 4. Their children (to clean) the yard and then they (to play) basketball. 5. In the evening their boys (to listen) to loud music and (to watch) TV. 6. Their little girl (to cry) a little and then (to smile). 7. Her brothers (to shout) at her. 8. Mrs. Smith (to work) in the kitch­en. 9. She (to bake) a delicious apple pie. 10. She (to


cook) a good dinner. 11. She (to wash) the dishes and (to look) very tired. 12. The children (to brush) their teeth, (to yawn) a little and (to go) to bed.

13. Their mother (to change) her clothes and (to
brush) her hair. Then she (to talk) on the phone.

14. Her husband (to smoke) a cigarette and (to talk)
to his wife. 15. They (to wait) for the bus. The bus
(to arrive) at 9 o'clock. 16. They (to visit) their
friends. 17. They (to dance) a lot there. 18. Mr. and
Mrs. Smith (to rest) very well last night. They real­
ly (to have) a wonderful time at their friends.

Упражнение 194

Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем вре­мени.

On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is Russian. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard. He answers well and gets a "five". Pete does not get a "five" because he does not know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen. I eat a sand­wich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk. After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and change the book. Then I go home.

Упражнение 195

Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем вре­мени (что рассказала мама).

On Tuesday I get up at half past six. I go to the bathroom and wash my hands and face and clean my teeth. Then I dress, go to the kitchen and cook break­fast for my family. At half past seven my son gets

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[pic] up and has breakfast. I have breakfast with my son. My son eats a sandwich and drinks a cup of tea. I don't drink tea. I drink coffee. After breakfast my son leaves home for school. I don't leave home with my son. On Tuesday I don't work in the morning. I work in the afternoon. In the evening I am at home. My husband and my son are at home, too. We rest in the evening. My son watches TV, my husband reads newspapers and I do some work about the house. At about eleven o'clock we go to bed.

Упражнение 196

Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем вре­мени.

Boris wakes up when it is already quite light. He looks at his watch. It is a quarter to seven. Quick! Boris jumps out of bed and runs to the bathroom. He has just time to take a cold shower and drink a glass of tea with bread and butter. He is in a hur­ry to catch the eight o'clock train.

At the railway station he meets three other boys from his group. They all have small backpacks and fishing rods.

In less than an hour they get off the train at a small station near a wood. They walk very quick­ly and soon find themselves on the shore of a large lake. The boys spend the whole day there fishing, boating and swimming.

They return home late at night, tired but happy.

Сравните употребление Present Simple и Past Simple


Упражнение 197

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Past Simple.

1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. She (to study) English two hours ago. 3. You (to come) home at six o'clock yesterday? — No, I ... . Yester­day I (to come) home from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my fam­ily. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 4. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 5. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 6. My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 7. Last night he (to wash) his face with soap and water. 8. I (not to have) history les­sons every day. 9. We (not to rest) yesterday.

10. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday.

11. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work,
but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she
(to walk) to her office. 12. You (to talk) to the mem­
bers of your family every day? — Yes, I ... . But
yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy
yesterday. 13. Your sister (to go) to school every
day? — Yes, she .... 14. Mary (to like) writing sto­
ries. 15. Last week she (to write) a funny story about
her pet. 16. You (to tell) your mother the truth about
the money? 17. You (to wear) your polka-dot dress
to work? — Yes, I .... I (to wear) it yesterday.
18. We (to like) to go to the beach. We (to enjoy)
swimming in the ocean last weekend.

Упражнение 198

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Past Simple.

1. Tom always (to eat) breakfast. 2. Yesterday he (not to eat) breakfast because he (to get) up late.

6 Ю.Голицынский

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[pic] 3. We (to like) to cook but we (not to like) to wash the dishes. 4. He never (to shout) at his students. He (to be) a wonderful teacher, I remember. 5. My friend (to know) Spanish very well. 6. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago? 7. He (to live) on the third floor.

8. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday?

9. When your lessons (to be) over on Monday?

  1. I (to have) dinner with my family yesterday.

  2. Her friends (to be) ready at five o'clock. 12. One of her brothers (to make) a tour of Europe last sum­mer. 13. Queen Elizabeth II (to be) born in 1926. She (to become) Queen of England in 1952. 14. You al­ways (to get) up at seven o'clock? — No, sometimes I (to get) up at half past seven. 15. Antonio Stradi­vari (to make) wonderful violins. 16. Who (to paint) the world-known picture "Mona Lisa"? 17. She (to know) all the works of Chopin. She (to enjoy) listen­ing to his waltz last night. 18. Steven's friends (to come) to his birthday party last night and (to give) him wonderful presents. His parents (to cook) a spe­cial dinner for him. His girlfriend (to promise) to come, but she (not to be) there. He (to try) to phone, but he couldn't get through. He (to be) really upset. Only she (not to wish) him a Happy Birthday.

Сравните употребление Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple

Упражнение 199

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 2.1 (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock tomorrow. 4. I (not to go) to the


cinema every day. 5. I (not to go) to the cinema yes­terday. 6. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. 7. You (to watch) TV every day? 8. You (to watch) TV yesterday? 9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow?

  1. When you (to leave) home for school every day?

  2. When you (to leave) home for school yesterday?

  3. When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow?

  4. My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. As the office he (to work) at (to be) near our house, he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at nine o'clock.

  5. You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? — No, I ... . 15. What you (to buy) at the shop yester­day? — I (to buy) a book. 16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers tomorrow.

Упражнение 200

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning. 2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning. 3. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morn­ing. 4. I always (to go) to the Altai Mountains to visit my relatives there. 5. I (to be) very busy last sum­mer and I (not to go) there. 6. I (not to go) there next year because it (to cost) a lot of money and I can't afford it. 7. They (to enjoy) themselves at the symphony yesterday evening? 8. Who (to take) care of the child in the future? 9. How often you (to go) to the dentist's? 10. We (not to have) very good weather, but we still (to have) a good time during our short stay in London. 11. She (to do) all the

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washing in their house. 12. He even (not to know) how to use the washing machine. 13. Two years ago they (to be) rich and money (to be) never a problem. 14. You (to think) you (to be) happy in your new neighbourhood? 15. When the cabbage soup (to be) ready? 16. The customs officers at JFK airport in New York (to arrest) that young man when he (to arrive). 17. I (to like) to get on with my friends, so I often (to do) what they (to want). 18. When (to be) your birthday? 19. When you (to get) your watch? 20. Who (to create) Mickey Mouse?

Сравните употребление Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple

Упражнение 201

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. Kate (to cook) dinner every day. 2. Kate (to cook) dinner tomorrow. 3. Kate (to cook) dinner now. 4. Kate (to cook) dinner yesterday. 5. I (not to eat) ice cream every day. 6. I (not to eat) ice cream now. 7. I (not to eat) ice cream tomorrow. 8. I (not to eat) ice cream yesterday. 9. He (to spend) last summer in the country. 10. He (not to spend) last summer in the country. 11. He (to spend) last summer in the country? 12. Where he (to spend) last summer? 13. She (to help) mother yesterday. 14. She (not to help) mother yesterday. 15. She (to help) mother yes­terday? 16. How she (to help) mother yesterday? 17. You (to go) to school every day? 18. You (to go) to school now? 19. You (to go) to the south next sum-


mer? 20. You (to go) abroad last summer? 21. What your brother (to do) every day? 22. What your broth­er (to do) now? 23. What your brother (to do) to­morrow? 24. What your brother (to do) yesterday?

Упражнение 202

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. I (to think) Nellie (to leave) for Moscow tomor­row. 2. I (to be) in a hurry. My friends (to wait) for me. 3. You (to be) at the theatre yesterday. You (to like) the opera? — Oh yes, I (to enjoy) it greatly. 4. We (to expect) you (to go) to London next sum­mer. 5. Her English (not to be) excellent, but she (to work) at it. 6. A week ago they (not to know) what to think. 7. She (to worry) a lot at the moment, but the problems (not to be) very great. 8. Last Tuesday he (to be) upset and (to have) no idea where to go. 9. Could you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square? I (to go) the right way? 10. Various kinds of sports (to be) popular in Russia. 11. Both children and grown-ups (to be) fond of sports. 12. What (to be) the matter with her? She (to be) so excited. — I (not to know). 13. Where you (to go)? — I (to go) to the stadium to see the match which (to take) place there today. 14. You (to know) that a very interesting match (to take) place last Sunday? 15. He (to go) to the south a week ago. 16. When I (to be) about fifteen years old, I (to enjoy) playing football. 17. Our foot­ball team (to win) many games last year. 18. Where (to be) Boris? — He (to play) chess with his friend. 19. I (to be) sorry I (to miss) the match yesterday. But I (to know) the score. It (to be) 4 to 2 in favour of the Russian team.

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Упражнение 203

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. My friend (to go) to the library every Wednes­day. 2. He (not to go) to the country yesterday. 3. Why you (to go) to the shop yesterday? 4. We (to grow) tomatoes next summer. 5. What you (to do) now? 6. He (to sleep) now. 7. Where your father (to work) last year? 8. She (to go) to the south next sum­mer? 9. He (not to watch) TV yesterday. 10. Yester­day we (to write) a paper. 11. I (to buy) a very good book last Tuesday. 12. My granny (not to buy) bread yesterday. 13. What you (to buy) at the shop tomor­row? 14. Don't make noise! Father (to work). 15. We (to go) on a tramp last Sunday. 16. Your brother (to go) to the country with us next Sunday? 17. Granny (not to cook) dinner now. 18. We (to cook) our meals on a fire last summer. 19. My sister (to wash) the dishes every morning. 20. When you (to go) to school? 21. What you (to prepare) for breakfast to­morrow? 22. You (to invite) your cousin to stay with you next summer? 23. How you (to help) your sister last summer? 24. I (to send) a letter to my friend tomorrow. 25. Every morning on the way to school I (to meet) my friends. 26. His grandfather (to lis­ten) to rock'n'roll music. That (to be) strange! He always (to listen) to classical music.

Упражнение 204

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. Max (not to be) here. He (to wash) his car. He (to wash) it every weekend. 2. He (not to play) the


piano tomorrow. 3. We (to see) a very good film last Sunday. 4. Your mother (to cook) every day? 5. We (to make) a fire last summer. 6. I (to spend) last summer at the seaside. 7. Where you (to spend) last summer? 8. Where he (to spend) next summer? 9. What mother (to do) now? — She (to cook) din­ner. 10. I (not to play) computer games yesterday. 11. Last Sunday we (to go) to the theatre. 12.1 (to meet) my friend yesterday. 13. I (to write) a letter to my cousin yesterday. 14. You (to write) a dictation tomor­row? 15. I (not to write) a report now. 16. Mother (to cook) a marvellous dinner yesterday. 17. Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to school — I (not to think) so.



Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Past Continuous Tense (Past Progressive Tense)

(действие в процессе, совершалось в определенный

момент или протекало в течение четко ограниченного

периода времени в прошлом)

1 was working Не was working She was working It was working

We were working You were working They were working

1 was not working He was not working She was not working It was not working

We were not working You were not working They were not working

Was 1 working? Was he working? Was she working? Was it working?

Were we working? Were you working? Were they working?

Yes, 1 was. Yes, he was. Yes, she was. Yes, it was.

Yes, we were. Yes, you were. Yes, they were

No, 1 wasn't. No, he wasn't. No, she wasn't. No, it wasn't.

No, we weren't. No, you weren't. No, they weren't.

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Сравните употребление Present Continuous

(действие протекает в момент речи) и Past Continuous

(действие протекало в определенный момент в прошлом)

Упражнение 205

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Past Continuous.

1. I (to write) an English exercise now. 2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. My little sister (to sleep) now. 4 My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. 5. My friends (not to do) their homework now. They (to play) volley­ball. 6. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o'clock yesterday. They (to play) volleyball.

  1. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday.

  2. She (not to read) now. 9. Now she (to go) to school. 10. What you (to do) now? — I (to drink) tea. 11. You (to drink) tea at this time yesterday? — No, I (not to drink) tea at this time yesterday, I (to eat) a banana. 12. My sister is fond of read­ing. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday, and now she (to read) again. 13. Look! My cat (to play) with a ball. 14. When I went out into the garden, the sun (to shine) and birds (to sing) in the trees. 15. You (to eat) ice cream now? 16. You (to eat) ice cream when I rang you up yesterday? 17. What your father (to do) now? 18. What your father (to do) from eight till nine yesterday? 19. Why she (to cry) now? 20. Why she (to cry) when I saw her yesterday?



Сравните употребление


Past Simple и Past Continuous


Обратите внимание на обстоятельства

времени, характерные для Past Continuous:


at... o'clock yesterday


when mother came home


from 5 till 6 yesterday


the whole evening


Обратите также внимание


на следующие два предложения:

We

played chess in the evening, (вечером)


Past Simple

We

were playing chess the whole evening.


(весь вечер) Past Continuous

Упражнение 206

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. I (to go) to the cinema yesterday. 2. I (to go) to the cinema at four o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me. 4. I (to do) my home­work the whole evening yesterday. 5. I (to do) my homework when mother came home. 6. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 7.1 (to do) my homework from five till eight yesterday. 8. I (to do) my homework at six o'clock yesterday. 9. I (not to play) the pi­ano yesterday. I (to write) a letter to my friend. 10. I (not to play) the piano at four o'clock yester­day. I (to read) a book. 11. He (not to sleep) when father came home. He (to do) his homework. 12. When I (to go) to school the day before yester­day, I met Mike and Pete. They (to talk) and (to

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laugh). They told me a funny story. Soon I (to laugh), too. I still (to laugh) when we came to school. After school I (to tell) this story at home. My fa­ther and mother (to like) it very much. 13. When we were in the country last summer, I (to go) to the wood one day. In the wood I (to find) a little fox cub. I (to bring) it home. I (to decide) to tame the cub. Every day I (to feed) it and (to take) care of it. I (to tame) it the whole summer. Now the fox cub is quite tame. It lives in my house.

Упражнение 207

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at five o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. My brother (not to play) ten­nis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yes­terday. 6. My sister (not to play) the piano at four o'clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole evening. 7. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 8. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday.

9. We (to wash) the floor in our flat yesterday.

10. We (to wash) the floor in our flat from three till
four yesterday. 11. You (to do) your homework yes­
terday? 12. You (to do) your homework from eight
till ten yesterday? 13. Why she (to sleep) at seven
o'clock yesterday? 14. He (to sit) at the table the
whole evening yesterday. 15. What Nick (to do) when
you came to his place? 16. What you (to do) when
I rang you up? 17. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock
yesterday. 18. What he (to do) yesterday? — He (to


read) a book. 19. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? — He (to read) a book. 20. She (to sleep) when you came home?

Обратите внимание на следующие предложения:

When mother came home, I was reading.
came однократное действие (пришла)

Past Simple

was reading действие в процессе (читал) Past Continuous

When mother was reading, I came home.

was reading действие в процессе (читала) Pasf Continuous

came однократное действие (пришел) Past Simple

Упражнение 208

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. When I (to come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 2. When Nick (to come) home, his broth­er (to play) with his toys. 3. When mother (to come) home, I (to do) my homework. 4. When father (to come) home, Pete (to sleep). 5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet. 6. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea. 7. When I (to come) to my friend's place, he (to watch) TV. 8. When I (to see) my friends, they (to play) football. 9. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table. 10. When Kate (to open) the door, the children (to dance) round the firtree. 11. When Tom (to cross) the street, he (to fall).

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  1. When I (to go) to school, I (to meet) my friend.

  2. When .we (to go) to the cinema, we (to meet) grandmother. 14. When grandmother (to go) home, she (to see) many children in the yard. 15. When Henry (to walk) about in the forest, he (to find) a bear cub. 16. When we (to walk) about in the for­est, we (to see) a hare. 17. When I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy under the sofa. 18. When granny (to read) a book on the sofa, she (to fall) asleep. 19. When I (to play) in the yard, I suddenly (to see) my old friend. 20. When Nick (to run) about in the yard, he (to fall).

Упражнение 209

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. The girl (to cook) dinner when the lights (to go) out. She (to burn) herself. 2. The boy (to hurt) himself while he (to skate). 3. When the woman (to enter) the room, the children (to feed) the goldfish. 4. When I (to visit) my friends in Denmark, I (to buy) two presents for my family. 5. When it (to start) to rain, we (to bathe) in the river. 6. Yester­day at one o'clock I (to have) lunch at the canteen.

  1. When he (to come) in, I (to do) my exercises.

  2. What you (to do) at eight o'clock yesterday?

  3. At this time yesterday I (to go) home. 10. You (to sleep) when I (to go) out. 11. He (to read) on the sofa when I (to come) in and (to sit) down beside him. 12. I (to walk) along the street with my friend when a tram (to pass). 13. She (to look) out of the window when I (to see) her. 14. We (to answer) the teacher's questions when the headmistress (to enter) the class­room. 15. They (to drink) tea when I (to come) home. 16. He (to walk) along the river when a boat (to


pass). 17. The old man (to think) about his plan when he (to fall) asleep. 18. We (to listen) to an in­teresting lecture yesterday. 19. When I (to enter) the classroom, the teacher (to write) words on the blackboard and the pupils (to copy) them into their exercise books. 20. They (to get) ready to go out when it (to begin) raining.

Упражнение 210

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. I (to go) to the theatre yesterday. 2. At seven o'clock yesterday I (to go) to the theatre. 3. What you (to do) at 5 o'clock yesterday? — I (to play) the piano. 4. When I (to come) to school, the children (to stand) near the classroom. 5. We (to play) in the yard the whole evening yesterday. 6. When I (to pre­pare) breakfast in the morning, I (to cut) my finger. 7. Last year I (to go) to the United States. 8. You (to go) to Great Britain last year? — No, I (to go) to France. 9. What you (to do) yesterday? — I (to trans­late) a very long article. 10. When I (to ring) up my friend, he (to sleep). 11. When grandfather (to watch) TV, he (to fall) asleep. 12. When my friend (to come) to see me, I (to do) my homework. 13. When I (to go) to the stadium, I (to meet) Kate and Ann. 14. When Nick (to ring) me up yesterday, I (to help) mother. 15. When the children (to walk) through the wood, they (to see) a fox. 16. When I (to come) home, my sister (to wash) the floor. 17. When Mike (to play) in the yard, he (to find) a ball. 18. When I (to draw) yesterday, I (to break) two pencils. 19. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to go) to the shop. 20. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) hide-and-seek.

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175


Обратите внимание на следующие предложения:

Father was reading at 7 o'clock yesterday.

действие в процессе Past Continuous

Father came home at 7 o'clock yesterday.

однократное действие Past Simple

Упражнение 211

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. Father (to watch) TV at ten o'clock yesterday. 2. I (to go) to bed at nine o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to finish) my homework at nine o'clock yesterday.

  1. I (to play) the piano at five o'clock yesterday.

  2. He (to begin) to do his homework at four o'clock yesterday. 6. She (to wash) the floor at four o'clock yesterday. 7. I (to meet) Nick at three o'clock yes­terday. 8. When I (to come) home, Kate (to play) the piano. 9. When I (to meet) John, he (to go) to the railway station. 10. When I (to go) to the museum, I (to see) a big crowd of people in the street. 11. They (to play) in the yard in the evening yesterday. 12. They (to play) in the yard the whole evening yes­terday. 13. I (to clean) my teeth at eight o'clock in the morning yesterday. 14. We (to go) to the wood in summer. 15. When the teacher (to open) the door of the classroom, the pupils (to sit) at their desks. 16. He (to get) up at seven o'clock yesterday. 17. Fa­ther (to come) home at six o'clock yesterday. 18.1 (to read) a book at six o'clock yesterday. 19. She (to fall) asleep at eleven o'clock yesterday. 20. Mother (to drink) tea at eleven o'clock yesterday.


Упражнение 212

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. Last Sunday we (to go) skiing in the country. There (to be) already a lot of snow in the fields and we (to enjoy) ourselves. We (to ski) for two hours and a half. 2. They (to meet) at the station two hours ago. 3. Where you (to spend) last Sunday? 4. We (to be) in a hurry because only twenty minutes (to be) left before the beginning of the performance. 5.1 (to play) the violin when my friend (to come) in. He (to invite) me to the theatre and I (to accept) the invita­tion with pleasure. 6. He (to ring) up his friend and (to ask) him about the homework. 7. When I (to come) to the theatre, my friend already (to wait) for me. 8. When I (to go) to the dentist's, I (to break) my arm. 9. When the teacher (to walk) into the class­room, the boys (to listen) to pop music and the girls (to eat) chips and (to drink) lemonade. 10. She (to go) to the bank when I (to meet) her. She (not to go) to the doctor's. 11. What you (to do) when the acci­dent (to happen)? — I (to walk) out of the hospital. 12. He (to leave) the bank, when the thieves (to take) his money.

Упражнение 213

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. The cat (to take) a piece of fish and then (to run) away. 2. He (to read) a newspaper when I (to come) in. 3. Yesterday I (to get) up at seven o'clock.

  1. The train (to start) at fifteen minutes to ten.

  2. He (to put) on his coat and cap, (to open) the door and (to go) out. 6. At this time yesterday I (to sit)

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in the theatre. 7. Не (to come) back to St. Peters­burg on the 15th of January. 8. I (to go) to the in­stitute when I (to see) him. 9. At this time yester­day we (to have) dinner. 10. He (to write) a letter when I (to come) in. 11. He (to make) a report when I (to leave) the meeting. 12. Yesterday he (to write) a letter to his friend. 13. When I (to look) at them, they (to smile) at me. 14. What you (to do) at six o'clock yesterday? 15. I (to go) to bed at half past eleven. 16. Yesterday the lesson (to begin) at nine o'clock. 17. When somebody (to knock) at the door, she (to argue) with her husband. 18. When Pete (to jog) in the park in the morning, he (to lose) his Walk­man. 19. When the police (to take) the thief to the car, I (to go) to the cinema to see the new Tom Cruise film. 20. He (to shave) when he (to hear) her scream.

Упражнение 214

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. Lena (to sweep) the floor on Sunday. 2. Lena (to sweep) the floor from eleven till twelve on Sun­day. 3. They (to go) to the wood last Sunday? 4. When they (to sail) down the river they (to see) a little island. 5. We (to work) the whole morning yesterday. 6. Mother (to cook) dinner at three o'clock yesterday. 7. She (to finish) cooking at four o'clock yesterday. 8. At half past four yesterday we (to have) dinner. 9. They (to translate) a difficult text yesterday.

  1. I (to open) the window at six o'clock yesterday.

  2. You (to go) to the cinema yesterday? 12. I (not to see) Mike last week. 13. When I (to open) the door, my friends (to sit) around the table. 14. When you (to begin) doing your homework yesterday? 15. We (to discuss) the latest news from three till


four yesterday. 16. When I (to read) the newspaper yesterday, I (to find) an interesting article on UFOs. 17. You (to watch) TV yesterday? — Yes, we (to watch) TV the whole evening yesterday. 18. When you (to go) to bed yesterday? 19. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 20. At half past ten yester­day I (to sleep). 21. When I (to come) home from school yesterday, my little brother (to sit) on the floor with all his toys around him. He (to play) with them. I (to tell) him to put his toys into the box as he (to make) too much noise.

Упражнение 215

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. I (to feed) my cat with fish yesterday. 2. What you (to do) at four o'clock yesterday? — I (to feed) my cat. 3. What your brother (to do) yesterday? — He (to play) computer games. 4. I (to begin) repair­ing my camera at six o'clock yesterday. 5. At five o'clock yesterday Helen (to cook) soup. 6. What you (to do) when your sister (to come) home yesterday?

  1. You (to have) supper at nine o'clock yesterday?

  2. He (not to go) to the shop yesterday. 9. Nick (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 10. Rick (to sleep) at eleven o'clock yesterday. 11. When we (to play) in the yard yesterday, it suddenly (to start) raining heavily. 12. I (to see) Mike when he (to cross) the street. 13. He (to begin) repairing his bicycle in the morning yesterday. 14. He (to repair) his bicycle the whole day yesterday. 15. He (to finish) repairing his bicycle in the evening yesterday. 16. We (to play) badminton from nine till eleven yesterday. 17. Kate (not to go) for a walk yesterday. She (to write) a com-

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position the whole day yesterday. 18. When your father (to come) home yesterday? — He (to come) home at seven o'clock. 19. When my father (to come) home yesterday, my mother (to make) sup­per. 20. We (not to go) on a tramp last summer.

Упражнение 216

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

We (to walk) down the street in the direction of Mike's house, when we (to see) him in the window of a bus that (to pass) by. He (to recognize) us, too, but he could not get off as the bus (to be) overcrowd­ed. We (to be) very sorry that we (to have) no chance to speak to him. But we could do nothing and (to decide) to go back. At that very moment we (to hear) Mike's voice behind us. "How funny," he (to say), "I (to go) to your place when I suddenly (to see) you here. I am so glad to see you."

Упражнение 217

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

The sun (to go) down behind the hills when I (to reach) a village which (to be) only a few miles from the sea. The working day (to be) over, and the vil­lagers (to come) home from the fields. Along the road two boys (to drive) cows and sheep in the direction of the village. I (to approach) a group of people standing near the road and (to ask) them if I could find a place in the village to spend the night. An old man (to say) he would help me. He (to take) me to his small cottage at the far end of the street. A fire (to burn) in the stove when we (to enter) the house.


One girl of about eighteen (to prepare) supper in the kitchen while two other girls still (to do) some­thing in the kitchen garden near the house. The old man (to invite) me to have supper with them. They all (to seem) to be nice people and we (to have) a friendly talk. After supper my new friends and I (to go) out into the garden. The moon (to shine) high in the sky, and the night (to be) warm and beauti­ful. That evening (to be) very pleasant, and I'll re­member it a long time.

Сравните употребление Present Simple и Past Simple и Present Continuous и Past Continuous

Упражнение 218

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous.

1. Where you (to be) yesterday? — I (to be) at home the whole day. — How strange. I (to ring) you up at two o'clock, but nobody (to answer). — Oh, I (to be) in the garden. I (to read) your book and (not to hear) the telephone. 2. What you (to do) at five o'clock yesterday? — I (to work) in the library. — I (to be) there, too, but I (not to see) you. 3. Nina (to celebrate) her birthday yesterday. Her room looked beautiful, there (to be) many flowers in it. When I (to come) in, somebody (to play) the piano, two or three pairs (to dance). 4. Listen! Somebody (to play) the piano. 5. I (to like) music very much. 6. When I (to look) out of the window, it (to rain) heavily and people (to hurry) along the streets. 7. What you (to do) at seven o'clock yesterday? — I (to have) sup­per. 8. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that all my family (to sit) round the table. Father

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Употребление времен


181


[pic] (to read) a letter from my uncle, who (to live) in Kiev. 9. Yesterday I (to work) at my English from five till seven. 10. It (to rain) the whole day yester­day. 11. Where your sister (to be) now? — She (to be) in her room. She (to do) her homework. 12. He (to brush) his teeth at the moment. He (to clean) them thoroughly morning and night. 13. Don't dis­turb her while she (to sleep). 14. You (to talk) non­sense. You never (to talk) sense. 15. My mother (to sit) in the sunlight now and I (to set) the table.


He (to study) computer science. 16. What you (to do) at this weekend? 17. When she (to open) the door, a man (to stand) on the doorstep. It (to be) her uncle, but she (not to recognize) him because he (to wear) dark glasses. 18. Last night we (to go) to a cafe to meet our friends.

Сравните употребление всех изученных времен:

Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple;

Present, Past Continuous


Упражнение 219

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous.

1. We (to have) a postcard from them two days ago. They (to say) they (to have) a marvellous time. 2. While she (to shop) this morning, she (to lose) her money. She (not to know) how. 3. They (to announce) our flight. We (to have) a problem. One of our suit­cases (to miss). 4. Who (to speak) there? — I (not to know). 5. He (not to smoke). He (not to smoke) now. When he (to be) at the office yesterday, he (not to smoke), he (to work) hard. 6. When my sister (to wash) her skirt, she (to find) a pound note in the pocket. 7. When you (to learn) German? 8. We (to go) home now because it (to be) late. 9. Who you (to wait) for? 10. Her car (to break) down yesterday while she (to drive) to work. 11. When and where it (to happen)? 12. She always (to wear) nice clothes for work. Today she (to wear) a nice blouse and a dark skirt. 13. What she (to watch) at the mo­ment? 14. I (to see) my friend in the street yester­day, but he (to run) for a bus and he (not to have) time to speak to me. 15. What your son (to do)? —


Упражнение 220

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous.

1. Where your brother (to work)? — He (to work) at an institute. 2. Your grandmother (to sleep) when you (to come) home yesterday? 3. What your brother (to do) tomorrow? 4. I (not to go) to the shop yester­day. I (to go) to the shop tomorrow. 5. Where Kate (to go) when you (to meet) her yesterday?

  1. Look at these children: they (to skate) very well.

  2. You (to skate) last Sunday? — Yes, we (to skate) the whole day last Sunday. We (to skate) again next Sunday. 8. My brother can skate very well. He (to skate) every Sunday. 9. What you (to do) now? — I (to wash) the dishes. 10. What you (to do) at three o'clock yesterday? — I (to have) dinner. 11. You (to have) dinner now? 12. Every day the boss (to enter) the office at nine o'clock. 13. Yesterday the boss (to enter) the office at half past nine. 14. When the boss (to come) tomorrow? 15. At six o'clock yesterday we (to listen) to a very interesting lecture. 16. When I (to enter) the office, the secretary (to type) some

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183


letters. 17. My friend (to ring) me up at eight o'clock .yesterday. 18. Look! My friends (to play) football. 19. Kate (not to write) letters every day. 20. You (to see) your friend yesterday? 21. Your father (to go) on a business trip last month? 22. What Nick (to do) yesterday? 23. When Nick (to get) up every morning? 24. Where your mother (to go) tomorrow? 25. I (to invite) my friends to come to my place tomorrow. 26. A disco, which (to take) place at the club last weekend, (to keep) peo­ple awake half the night.

Упражнение 221

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous.

1. I (to apply) for a visit visa and (to want) to make two journeys to your country while the visa (to be) valid. 2. They (to listen) to the news on the radio when the telephone (to ring). 3. I (to look) for a nice pair of gloves. 4. My train (to leave) in half an hour. — OK, I (to drive) you to the station in my car. 5. I (to check) the battery? Yes, please.

  1. Nowadays cars (to get) more and more expensive.

  2. He (to get) a higher salary. 8. A father and his son (to travel) home in a car. It (to snow) and a strong wind (to blow). As they (to go) over a bridge, they (to hear) a loud bang and the father (to lose) control of the car. They (to be) injured and their lives (to be) in great danger. A helicopter (to take) the father and the boy to hospital and they (to be) saved. Now, the happy father (to look) at his son and (to say) to him, "I never (to drive) my car when it (to snow). I (to promise) you. It (to be) very dangerous to drive when it (to be) so slippery."



Спряжение глагола to write (писать)

в Present Perfect Tense

(действие, совершившееся в прошлом,

связано с

настоящим)

1 have written

1 have not written

Не has written

He has not written

She has written

She has not written

It has written

It has not written

We have written

We have not written

You have written

You have not written

They have written

They have not written

Have I written?

Yes,

1 have.

No, 1 haven't.

Has he written?

Yes,

he has.

No, he hasn't.

Has she written?

Yes,

she has.

No, she hasn't.

Has it written?

Yes,

it has.

No, it hasn't.

Have we written?

Yes,

we have.

No, we haven't.

Have you written?

Yes,

you have.

No, you haven't.

Have they written?

Yes,

they have.

No, they haven't.

Запомните типичные для Present Perfect обстоя­тельства: already, not yet, just, ever, never.

Сравните также:

I have bought a book today (this week, this month).

неистекший отрезок времени Present Perfect

I bought a book yesterday (last week, last month).

истекший отрезок времени Past Simple

Запомните также следующие предложения:

I have never been to France.

Have you ever been to London?

I haven't seen you for ages.

I haven't met him for a long time.

I haven't been to Moscow since last year.

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Упражнение 222

В- следующих предложениях измените время гла­гола на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The pupils are writing a dictation. 2. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem. 3. I am learning a poem. 4. She is telling them an interest­ing story. 5. Kate is sweeping the floor. 6. The wait­er is putting a bottle of lemonade in front of him. 7. I am eating my breakfast. 8. We are drinking water. 9. He is bringing them some meat and vege­tables. 10. You are putting the dishes on the table. 11. They are having tea. 12. She is taking the dirty plates from the table. 13. The children are putting on their coats. 14. Susan is making a new dress for her birthday party. 15. She is opening a box of chocolates. 16. I am buying milk for milk shakes. 17. James is ordering a bottle of apple juice. 18. We are looking for more CDs with good music. 19. Are you recording your favourite film on his video recorder? 20. I am translating a difficult article from German into Russian.

Упражнение 223

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме, так чтобы получить Present Con­tinuous или Present Perfect.

1. What are you (to do) here? — I am (to write) a letter to my friends. 2. Who has (to write) this ar­ticle? 3. What language are you (to study)? 4. We have already (to learn) a lot of English words. 5. What is she (to teach) them? 6. Who has (to teach) you to do it? 7. He has just (to do) something for us. 8. Have you (to find) the book? 9. What are you


(to look) for? 10. What are you (to talk) about? 11. We have just (to talk) about it. 12. He has just (to say) something about it. 13. She is (to tell) them some interesting story. 14. He has (to tell) us noth­ing about it. 15. She has (to tell) them some stories about dogs. 16. We have (to have) two lessons to­day. 17. They are (to have) a meeting. 18. She has not (to speak) yet. 19. They have (to ask) me several questions. 20. He has already (to learn) the rule. 21. I am (to write) an exercise. 22. What is he (to do)? — He is (to read) a newspaper. 23. Have you (to read) any stories by Jack London? 24. I am (to answer) the telephone right now. 25. He has (to fix) his car and now he is (not to have) any trouble with the brakes anymore. 26. You have just (to hear) to­morrow's weather forecast.

Упражнение 224

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме, так чтобы получить Present Con­tinuous или Present Perfect.

1. What's the matter? Why he (to stop)? 2. My cousin (to look) for a job, but he (not to find) a job yet. 3. It (to be) impossible for her to feel at home here. 4. What you (to study) now? 5. They just (to give) you a pay rise. 6. Sophie is busy. She (to knit) a sweater for her grandson. 7. You only (to have) a piece of cake? You (not to eat) much. 8. People (to plant) carrots and tomatoes now. 9. You (to go) to plant tomatoes this year? 10. Johnny, who finally (to find) a new job, (to give) a big party. 11. How long you (to be) sick? 12. You (to see) any good mov­ies recently? 13. What you (to look) forward to? 14. Nancy (to look) forward to this weekend. 15. She (to go) to read Shakespeare and she (not to go) to

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Употребление времен 187


think about work. 16. Mike (to leave) for work yet?

  1. They (to pay) their electric bill this month?

  2. How long you (to know) each other? 19. Your car (to make) strange noises. Is anything wrong? 20. The boy (to do) his homework and (to take) a karate lesson now. 21. I (to have) dinner with my friends at the moment and I am very happy to see them again. 22. Jay never (to travel) overseas. 23. We always (to have) a dog and a cat. We love pets. 24. Larry never (to own) a sports car.

Упражнение 225

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Perfect или Present Continuous.

1. Она все еще печатает свою статью. 2. Мы ее давно не видели. 3. Бабушка с дедушкой уже на­вестили своих внуков. 4. Сейчас они сидят в гос­тиной и разговаривают о своей поездке. 5. Ты ког­да-нибудь был в Африке? 6. Он все сделал для нее. Теперь он еще собирается купить ей дом. 7. Кон­церт еще не начался, и мы сидим в зале и обсуж­даем свои проблемы. 8. Подожди меня! Я не взя­ла деньги. 9. Я только что позавтракал. 10. Он уже позавтракал. 11. Мы еще не завтракали. 12. Они все еще пьют чай в столовой. 13. Я уже сделал свои уроки. 14. Он все еще делает свои уроки. 15. У нас сегодня было три урока. 16. У них только что было собрание. 17. Она еще не читала этой книги. 18. Она все еще читает. 19. Кто это написал? 20. Что вы ему написали? 21. Я только что была у зубного врача и чувствую себя намного лучше. 22. Он говорит неправду. Он не сделал уроки. 23. По­чему он не обедает? — Он все еще разговаривает со своим другом по телефону. 24. Куда исчезла эта ленивая кошка? — Она вон там, спит перед ками­ном.


Сравните употребление Present Perfect и Past Simple

Упражнение 226

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 2. She (to live) there last year. 3. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 4. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 5. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 6. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday. 7. The wind (to blow) off the man's hat, and he cannot catch it. 8. The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk. 9. The wind (to change) in the morning. 10. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 11. My father knows so much be­cause he (to travel) a lot. 12. I (to see) Pete today. 13. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 14. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 15.1 just (to meet) our teacher. 16. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 17. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 18. I (not to see) you for a long time. I (to see) you in town two or three days ago, but you (not to see) me. I (to be) on a bus.

Упражнение 227

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Last night I (to feel) tired and (to go) to bed very early. 2. Where you (to spend) your holidays?

  1. You ever (to spend) your holidays in the Crimea?

  2. While travelling in the Crimea I (to meet) your friend. 5. I never (to visit) that place. 6. He (to vis­it) that place last year. 7.1 just (to get) a letter from

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189


Тот. 8. You (to take) any photographs while trave­lling .in the south? 9. He (to be) abroad five years ago. 10. You (to be) in the Caucasus last year? 11. They (to leave) England when he (to be) still a child. 12. He (not yet to come) back. 13. He (to go) already? 14. When you (to see) him last? 15. I (not to see) him for ages. 16. His health (to improve) greatly since I (to see) him last. 17. You (to pass) your driving test yet? — Yes, I (to pass) it in May, but I (not to buy) a car yet. 18. He already (to move). He (to find) a nice flat before Christmas and he (to be) there two years.

Упражнение 228

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. I (not yet to eat) today. 2. He (not to eat) yes­terday. 3. You (to play) the piano yesterday? 4. You (to play) the piano today? 5. What you (to prepare) for today? 6. Look at this birdhouse. Mike (to make) it himself. He (to make) it last Sunday. 7. Where you (to put) my pen? I cannot find it. 8. You (to see) Mary today? 9. When you (to see) Mary? — I (to see) her last week. 10. Your mother (to promise) to take you to the theatre? 11. Look at my new dress! I (to make) it myself. 12. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. — When he (to fall) ill? — He (to fall) ill yesterday. 13. I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 14. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 15. He just (to come) home. 16. He (to come) home a minute ago. 17. Nick (to play) foot­ball yesterday. 18. She already (to come) from school. Now she is doing her homework. 19. I (to read) this book last year. 20. I (to read) this book this year. 21. I never (to be) to Washington. 22. You ever (to be) to New York? 23. You ever (to see) the eruption of a volcano? 24. I (to invite) Linda to the party. —


When you (to see) her? — I (not to see) her for ages. I (to call) her an hour ago.

Упражнение 229

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. She just (to go) out. 2. She (to leave) the room a moment ago. 3. We (not yet to solve) the problem. 4. When it all (to happen)? 5. The morning was cold and rainy, but since ten o'clock the weather (to change) and now the sun is shining brightly. 6. Show me the dress which you (to make). 7. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud (to cover) the sky. I think it will start raining in a few minutes. 8. Oh, close the window! Look, all my papers (to fall) on the floor because of the wind. 9. When you (to open) the win­dow? — I (to open) it ten minutes ago. 10. The sun (not to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute. 11. I (to see) you walking along the street the other day with a heavy bag. 12. I (not to read) the newspaper today. 13. It is very late, and trams (to stop) running: we must find a taxi to get home. 14. How many times you (to be) to St. Peters­burg? 15. At last I (to translate) this article: now I shall have a little rest. 16. We (to go) to the coun­try yesterday, but the rain (to spoil) all the plea­sure. 17. My watch was going in the morning, but now it (to stop). 18. The lecture (not yet to begin) and the students are talking in the classroom.

Упражнение 230

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. It (to be) very cold yesterday. 2. When you (to meet) him? 3. I (not to see) him since 1997. 4. How

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191


many mushrooms you (to gather)? 5. Where you (to put) the newspaper? I want to read it, but cannot find it anywhere. 6. The new school (to begin) work­ing last year. 7. At last I (to do) all my homework: now I shall go out. 8. The building of the house (to begin) early in April. 9. The rain (to stop) but a cold wind is still blowing. 10. We already (to solve) the problem. 11. He (to come) a moment ago. 12. I nev­er (to speak) to him. 13. He just (to finish) his work. 14. You (to make) any spelling mistakes in your dic­tation? 15. What books you (to read) when you (to live) in the country? 16. They (not yet to come) from the south. 17. He (to be) ill last week, but now he (to recover). 18. If everybody (to read) this new nov­el, let's discuss it. 19. You (to book) tickets? — Yes, I ... . I (to book) them several days ago. 20. I can hardly recognize you. I (not to see) you since you (to leave) for Moscow. And you (to change) so much.

21. You (to read) all the books on this shelf?

22. I (not to see) my cousin since last year. 23. Why
you (to put) these things in the wrong place?
24. Why you (to leave) the door open? You will catch
cold sitting in the draught. 25. "We (not to meet)
for such a long time!" said my friend. "Yes, indeed,"
I answered, "and we both (to grow)."

Сравните употребление Present Perfect, Present Continuous и Past Simple

Упражнение 231

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Present Simple или Past Simple.

1. What you (to do) here at such a late hour? You (to write) your composition? — No, I (to write) it


already. I (to work) at my report. — And when you (to write) your composition? — I (to finish) it two days ago. 2. I say, Tom, let's have dinner. — No, thank you, I already (to have) dinner. 3. What the weather (to be) like? It still (to rain)? — No, it (to stop) raining. 4. Please give me a pencil, I (to lose) mine. 5. I (not to meet) Peter since Monday. 6. Nina just (to finish) work. 7. Where Sergei (to be)? — He (to go) home. He (to leave) the room a minute ago. 8. What you (to read) now? — I (to read) "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte. 9. They (to read) "Ivanhoe" by Walter Scott a month ago. What about you? You (to read) "Ivanhoe"? 10. My watch (to stop). There (to be) something wrong with it. 11. You (to see) Jack today? — Yes, I (to see) him at the institute. 12. You (to hear) the new symphony by M.? — Yes, I ... . — When you (to hear) it? — I (to hear) it last Sunday. 13. You (to change) so much. Anything (to happen)?

Сравните употребление

Present Perfect, Present Continuous,

Past Simple и Past Continuous

Упражнение 232

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect, Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. With whom you (to discuss) this question yes­terday? 2. I (to see) this film this week. I like it very much. 3. When I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that my mother (to stand) at the table and (to cut) some cabbage. She (to cook) dinner. 4. As soon as I (to hear) a cry, I (to run) out of the room and (to see) that a child (to lie) on the ground and (to cry). "What (to happen)? Why you (to cry)? You (to hurt) yourself?" I asked. 5. They (to go) to the Hermitage

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193


last week. 6. They (to be) to the Hermitage twice this week. 7. After school yesterday he (to come) home, (to have) dinner, (to read) an article from the latest magazine and (to begin) doing his homework.

  1. When your friend (to return) from the south? — She (to return) yesterday. — You (to go) to the sta­tion to meet her? — No, I ..., I (to be) too busy.

  2. Your brother (to return) from the north? — Yes, he (to come) a few days ago. 10. You (to be) to the Crimea? When you (to be) there? — I (to be) there in 2005. 11. Where (to be) your brother? — He just (to come) home. He (to take) a shower in the bath­room now. 12. As soon as I (to see) him, I (to under­stand) that he (to work) hard. He (to write) some­thing and (not to notice) anything. 13. When I (to come) home yesterday, the children (to run) and (to sing) merrily. "We (to learn) a new song!" they cried. 14. When the young man (to enter) the room, she (to look) at him in surprise. "What you (to want) to tell me?" she (to say). "Why you (to come)?" 15. It (to rain) hard when I (to leave) home yesterday, so I (to return), (to put) on my raincoat and (to start) again. 16. You (to work) right now? — Yes, I (to prepare) for the English exams. 17. Have a look! That (to be) the Golden Gate Bridge on your left. — Oh, it (to be) beautiful. I just (to take) a picture of it. 18. Where you (to learn) the news? 19. They al­ready (to think) of everything? They (to buy) a lot of food? — Yes, Mark just (to order) ten bottles of Coke and four kinds of mineral water. He (to men­tion) peanuts, but he (not to order) any. He (to think) of tea and fancy cakes. The shop (to charge) every­thing to Mark's credit card. 20. Why you (to shiver)? — I (to shiver) because I (to be) cold. 21.1 (to sprain) my ankle again. 22. A world-famous violinist (to play) on tonight's concert. 23. The children (to play) with their train set the whole evening yesterday.





Спряжение глагола to write (писать)

в Past Perfect Tense (предпрошедшее время)

1 had written

1 had not written

He had written

He had not written

She had written

She had not written

It had written

It had not written

We had written

We had not written

You had written

You had not written

They had written

They had not written

Had 1 written?

Yes, 1 had.

No, 1 hadn't.

Had he written?

Yes, he had.

No, he hadn't.

Had she written?

Yes, she had.

No, she hadn't.

Had it written?

Yes, it had.

No, it hadn't.

Had we written?

Yes, we had.

No, we hadn't.

Had you written?

Yes, you had.

No, you hadn't.

Had they written?

Yes, they had.

No, they hadn't.

Сравните употребление Past Simple и Past Perfect

Упражнение 233

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o'clock.

  1. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock.

  2. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock.

  3. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 5. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 6. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 7. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 8. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 9. When the teacher (to en-

7 Ю.Голицынский

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ter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 10. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 11. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 12. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 13. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 14. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 15. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work. 17. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good din­ner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the sta­tion, the train already (to leave).

Упражнение 234

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. By two o'clock the teacher (to examine) all the students. 2. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to leave) my report at home. 3. All my friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the examina­tions successfully. 4. Poor Oliver (to lie) unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave) him. 5. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to re­member what (to happen) to him. 6. All the passen­gers (to see) at once that the old man (to travel) a great deal in his life. 7. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return) home. 8. During the holi­days my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood. 9. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin). 10. When I came home, my mother (to tell) me that she (to receive) a letter from grandfather. 11. Where you (to work) before you (to enter) the institute? 12. He (to study)


French before he (to enter) the university. 13. Lanny (to say) that he (to get) his education in Cape Town. 14. The boy (to want) to act the main part in the play because he (to organize) the theatre. 15. Lanny (not to know) who (to attack) him in the darkness. 16. The girl (to be) glad that she (to find) a seat near the win­dow. 17. Suddenly he (to remember) that he (not to ring) her up in the morning. 18. By the time the train (to reach) the city, he (to make) friends with many passengers. 19. When my uncle (to leave), he (to hur­ry) to the station to book a ticket. 20. She (to think) that Gert and Lanny (to quarrel).

Сравните употребление Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect

Упражнение 235

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous u Past Perfect.

1. By eight o'clock yesterday I (to do) my home­work and at eight I (to play) the piano. 2. By six o'clock father (to come) home and at six he (to have) dinner. 3. By nine o'clock yesterday grandmother (to wash) the dishes and at nine she (to watch) TV. 4. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) an ice cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street. 5. When father (to come) home, we (to cook) the mushrooms which we (to gather) in the wood. 6. When I (to see) Ann, she (to sort) the flowers which she (to pick) in the field. 7. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little brother (to break) my pen and (to play) with its pieces. 8. When I (to open) the door of the classroom, I (to see) that the teacher already (to come) and the pupils (to write) a dictation. 9. When I (to come) home, my sister (to read) a book which she (to bring) from the library. 10. When mother (to

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come) home, the children (to eat) the soup which she (to cook) in the morning. 11. When I (to ring) up Mike, he still (to learn) the poem which he (to be­gin) learning at school. 12. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) with a ball which Pete (to bring) from home. 13. By ten o'clock the children (to settle) comfortably on the sofa and at ten they (to watch) a film on TV.

Упражнение 236

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous u Past Perfect.

Last night we (to go) to a football match. We (to take) a bus. The bus (to be) overcrowded as many people (to want) to see the match. We (to get) off the bus and (to go) in the direction of the stadium. While we (to cross) the road, I (to see) Victor. He (to stand) at the corner. He said he (to wait) for his friend who (to come) to St. Petersburg the day be­fore and (to wish) to see the new stadium. A man (to come) up to me and asked if I (to have) a spare tick­et for the match. Victor told us that two boys just (to ask) him whether he (to have) a spare ticket. We (to enter) the stadium just as the football players (to come) out on to the field. At the entrance to the sta­dium we (to meet) Sergei. He (to show) us to our seats and (to ask) me if I (to play) football in my childhood. We (to agree) to meet in the snack bar during the interval.

Упражнение 237

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous u Past Perfect.

1. There (to be) two men in the room. One of them (to write) something while the other (to read) a news-


paper. 2. He (not to tell) me that he (to receive) a telegram from her. 3. I (to ask) him if he (to know) where she (to live). I (to say) I (not to know) her ad­dress. 4. He (to ask) me if I (can) give him your ad­dress. 5. She (to say) that he (to give) her the wrong address. 6. I (to ask) him where he (to put) my let­ter. 7. He (to tell) us that they (to spend) all the money. 8. I (to sit) in an armchair and (to think) of my coming trip across the North Sea when the door suddenly (to open) and an old friend of mine whom I (not to see) for a very long time (to enter) the room. 9. She (to come) to see us just at the time when we (to have) dinner. It (to be) the first time I (to see) her. 10. I (to see) him just as he (to leave) the hotel. 11. I (not to see) him before we (to meet) at the con­cert. 12. He (to leave) the house before I (to have) time to ask him anything. 13. After spending sever­al days in Paris he (to feel) lonely and (to want) to return home. 14.1 (to think) he already (to go) home. 15. I (to find) the old man in the garden. He (to talk) to some children who (to stand) around listening to him. 16. He (to speak) a language we never (to hear) before. 17. He (to tell) me he (to learn) it from the newspaper. 18. He (to enter) the room, (to take) something from the desk and (to go) out.

Упражнение 238

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous u Past Perfect.

1. I (to return) to the hotel only late at night as I (to lose) my way in the fog. When I (to come) up to my room, I (to see) Pete who (to stand) at the door of the room. He (to wait) for me as he (to lose) his key and could not get in. 2. When I (to wake) up, it (to be) already ten o'clock. I (to call) my brother. Nobody (to answer). He already (to leave). 3. I (to

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go) up to the open window. The rain (to stop) and the sun (to shine) brightly. The birds in the garden (to sing). The morning (to be) fine. 4. When the rain (to stop) I (to look) out of the window and (to see) John who (to stand) under a tree waiting for me. 5. When I called at his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before. 6. When I came to the station, I (not to find) my friend there as I (to be) five minutes late and the train (to leave). 7. He (to want) to visit the place where he (to live) in his child­hood. 8. The telegram (to come) some minutes after he (to leave). 9. She (to look) very tired as she (to work) hard.

Сравните употребление всех изученных времен, соответствующих русскому прошедшему времени

Упражнение 239

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Per­fect.

1. He (to come) home late yesterday. 2. She is very glad: she (to finish) her composition at last. 3. He (to translate) the whole text by eleven o'clock. 4. I never (to be) to Rome. 5. Last year we (to work) very much. 6. When I (to have) breakfast, I went to school. 7. I (not to see) you for ages! I am very glad to see you. 8. When you (to see) the "Swan Lake"?

9. My sister already (to graduate) from the university.

10. He repaired the toy which his brother (to break)
the day before. 11. I (to see) an interesting TV pro­
gramme this week. 12. You ever (to be) to Trafalgar
Square? 13. They (to cook) the whole day yesterday.
14. I just (to see) Jack. 15. She (to wash) the dishes
from five till six. 16. Look! She (to draw) a very nice


picture. 17. At this time yesterday I (to talk) to my friend. 18. The TV programme (to begin) before I (to come) home. 19. I (not to eat) ice cream since sum­mer. 20. I understood that she (not to read) my let­ter. 21. She (to do) the rooms when I (to come) home. 22. It's all ";background: #ffffff"> Упражнение 240

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Per­fect.

1. Last summer we (to live) in the country and (to go) to the river every day. 2. My sister (to spend) a lot of money yesterday. 3. She is so upset: she (to lose) the key to the front door. 4. By the 1st of Sep­tember all the children (to return) from the coun­try. 5. Columbus (to discover) America 500 years ago. 6. Columbus (not to know) that he (to discover) America. 7. I already (to read) five English books. 8. He (to discuss) the problem with a lot of people before he (to take) a decision. 9. Mother (to bake) a delicious cake! Sit down at the table and let's eat it! 10. She (to read) an English book the whole evening yesterday. 11.1 never (to be) to Greece. 12. They (to tell) me yesterday that you (to get) an excellent mark. 13. When you (to receive) a letter from your friend? 14. Our grandmother (to cook) dinner from twelve till three yesterday. 15. Look! What beauti­ful flowers she (to buy)! 16. They (to travel) along the coast of Africa last year. 17. We (not to see) each other for ages. 18. They (to eat) all the apples which I (to bring). 19. When the children (to have) dinner, they (to go) for a walk. 20. You ever (to be) to the Niagara Falls? 21. At this time yesterday they (to

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201


sit) on the sofa and (to listen) to their grandmother who (to tell) them fairy tales. 22. My friend just (to ring) me up from London. 23.1 (to stand) at the tram stop when it (to begin) raining. 24. We (not to skate) since last winter.

Упражнение 241

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Per­fect.

1. She is very happy: her son (to finish) school. 2. My brother (to train) at the stadium from six till eight yesterday. 3. My sister (to buy) a pair of nice model shoes this month. 4. I (not to dance) for ages. 5. When Nick (to come) from school, his friends (to play) in the yard. 6. When your sister (to go) to Lon­don? 7. My friend just (to recover) after a serious illness. 8. I never (to be) to the Bahamas. 9. At this time yesterday we (to talk) about you. 10.1 (to speak) to my friend yesterday. 11. Look! Kate (to wash) all the dishes. 12. Your mother (to return) from work? Can I speak to her? 13. She (to do) her flat the whole day on Saturday. 14. The cat (to drink) all the milk which I (to give) it. 15. You ever (to be) to Piccadil­ly Circus? 16. He (not to read) Turgenev since he was a pupil. 17. They (to reach) the river by sunset.

  1. I (not yet to receive) an answer to my letter.

  2. Only when she was going to bed, she remembered that she (to forget) to ring up her friend. 20. We already (to study) seven English tenses. 21. He (to spend) two weeks in Scotland two years ago. 22. I (to buy) a lovely fashionable dress. Now I shall look smart at the party. 23. He (to learn) English before he (to go) to the USA. 24. When she (to spend) all her money, she (to go) home.


Упражнения на все изученные времена

Упражнение 242

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. My friend (to like) pies. He (to eat) pies every day. When I (to meet) him in the street yesterday, he (to eat) a pie. He (to tell) me that he (to buy) that pie at the corner of the street. Look at my friend now! He (to eat) a pie again. 2. I always (to come) to school at a quarter to nine. 3. Yesterday I (to come) to school at ten minutes to nine. 4. Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to the cinema because he (to go) to the cin­ema yesterday. He already (to be) to the cinema this week. He (to stay) at home and (to play) a computer game. 5. What your brother (to do) now? 6. My fa­ther (to work) in an office. It (to be) Sunday now. He (not to work), he (to read) at home. 7. I (not to see) you for a while! You (to be) busy at work? — I (to have) an awful week, you (to know). 8. What he (to do) at ten o'clock last night? — He (not to do) anything real­ly. He just (to look) at some magazines. 9. We (to have) rather a difficult time at the moment. — I (to be) sor­ry to hear that. 10. Something awful (to happen). Her little daughter (to swallow) a coin. 11. She (to ask) me if I (to see) her backpack. 12. After the boys (to do) all the work, they (to go) to the pictures.

Упражнение 243

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. We (to bring) a lot of berries from the wood. Now we shall make jam. 2. Look! Jane (to swim)

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203


across the river. 3. What you (to do) at six o'clock yesterday? 4. You ever (to see) the Pyramids? 5.1 (to go) to the Caucasus two years ago. 6. We (to go) to school every day. 7. Nick (to do) his homework by seven o'clock yesterday. 8. You (to help) your father tomorrow? 9. When Nick (to come) home yesterday, his mother (to return) and (to cook) dinner in the kitchen. 10. When I (to go) to school yesterday, I sud­denly (to remember) that I (to forget) to take my En­glish exercise book. 11. Yesterday grandfather (to tell) us how he (to work) at the factory during the war.

  1. When Mr. and Mrs. Smith (to arrive) home, they (to discover) that someone (to break) into their house. Their video recorder and television (to disappear). They (not to know) what they (to do) to deserve this bad luck.

  2. The man (to get) off the bus without paying while the conductor (to collect) fares upstairs.

Упражнение 244

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. Don't go to Nick's place now, he (to work). He (to finish) his homework at seven o'clock. If you (to come) after seven, he (to be) very glad. 2. Pete (to go) to the cinema? — Yes, I (to think) so. He usual­ly (to play) in the yard at this time, and now he (not to be) there. 3. He (to read) a book at five o'clock yesterday. 4. You (to go) for a walk with me? — I (to be) sorry, I can't. I (to do) my homework. I (not yet to write) the English exercise. If you (to wait) for me, I (to go) with you in half an hour. I (to want) to go for a walk very much, because I (not to go) for a walk yesterday. 5. Yesterday the children (to do) all their homework before mother (to come) home, and when she (to come), they (to play) with the cat.


6. I (to lose) my key when I (to play) in the yard yes­terday. 7. Ring me up as soon as you (to come) home. 8. Where you usually (to take) books for reading?

Упражнение 245

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. Mike (to eat) ice cream every day. Look, he (to eat) ice cream now. When I (to see) him in the morn­ing, he (to eat) ice cream, too. He (to say) he (to eat) one ice cream already by that time. I think he (to fall) ill if he (to eat) so much ice cream. 2. They (to walk) along the street and (to talk). Suddenly Nick (to stop) and (to say), "Oh, what shall we do? I (to lose) the key to the door." "If you (not to find) it," said Pete, "we (to have) to wait for mother in the street." 3. When I (to come) to the station yester­day, I (to learn) that my train already (to leave).

  1. What he (to do) when you (to see) him yesterday?

  2. I (to give) you this book as soon as I (to finish) reading it. 6. When the ship (to cross) the ocean, a great storm (to break) out. 7. I never (to hear) of her. 8. To whom you just (to write)?

Упражнение 246

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. Let's go for a walk. The rain (to stop) and the sun (to shine). 2. If you (to help) me, I (to do) this work well. 3. I always (to get) up at eight o'clock, but to­morrow I (to get) up a little later. 4. What you (to read) now? — I (to read) Tom's book. I (to be) in a hurry.

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205


Tom soon (to come), and I (to want) to finish reading the-book before he (to come). 5. As soon as you (to see) your friend, tell him that I (to want) to see him. 6. When I (to come) home yesterday, my brother (to sleep). 7. When you (to come) to see us? — I (to come) tomorrow if I (not to be) busy. 8. I (not to like) apples. 9. He (to come) home at five o'clock yesterday. 10. I (to ring) you up as soon as I (to come) home tomorrow. 11. I (to show) you my work if you (to like). 12. He (to come) home by six o'clock yesterday. 13. Pete certainly (to help) you with your English if you (to ask) him. 14. This little boy never (to see) a crocodile. 15. Send me a tele­gram as soon as you (to arrive). 16. He (to know) the results before we (to meet).

Упражнение 247

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. Yesterday I (to put) five apples into the vase. Where they (to be) now? — I (to eat) them. You (to bring) some more tomorrow? — Yes, if you (not to make) noise when granny (to sleep). 2. You ever (to be) to the Hermitage? 3. What Nick (to do) when you (to ring) him up yesterday? — He (to play) the pi­ano. He (to tell) me that he already (to write) his composition. 4. Why she (to sleep) now? It (to be) too early. She never (to sleep) at this time. 5. You (to go) to the library tomorrow? — No, I already (to be) to the library this week. I (to be) there on Mon­day. As a rule, I (to go) to the library every Wednesday. But yesterday I (not to go) there, be­cause I (not to read) the book. I (to read) it now. I (to go) to the library on Saturday if I (to finish)


the book by that time. 6. As soon as I (to receive) a letter, I shall go to Moscow. 7. By six o'clock we al­ready (to make) arrangements to take the early train.

Упражнение 248

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. Autumn (to come). It (to be) November now. It (to get) colder, the days (to get) shorter. It often (to rain). Soon it (to be) very cold. 2. When I (to do) my homework yesterday, I quickly (to run) to the yard, because my friends (to wait) for me there. 3. We (to have) a good time last summer. 4. What you (to learn) for today? — I (to be) sorry, I (not to prepare) my lesson. I (to be) ill yesterday and (not to know) what to do. I (to prepare) my lesson tomorrow. — If you (not to prepare) your lesson tomorrow, you (to get) a bad mark. 5. What you (to do) at five o'clock yesterday? 6. Mike always (to do) his homework in the evening, but today he (to begin) doing it as soon as he comes from school, because his father (to prom­ise) to take him to the theatre. 7. When Mary (to come) home, her brother (to read) the book which she (to bring) him two days before.

Упражнение 249

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

1. Hello! Where you (to go)? — Nowhere in par­ticular. I just (to take) a walk. 2. Our students (to do) all kinds of exercises and now they (to be) sure

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207


that they (to know) this rule well. They (to hope) they .(to make) no mistakes in the paper. 3. The expedition (to cover) hundreds of kilometres, but they still (to be) far from their destination. 4. You (to go) to Great Britain next year? 5. Yesterday Nick (to say) that he (to read) much during his summer vacation. 6. At the age of twenty my fa­ther (to combine) work and study. 7. A great number of students (to study) in the reading room when I (to enter) it last night. 8. The storm (to rage) the whole night, and the sailors (to try) to do their best to save the ship. 9. Mike's friends could hard­ly recognize him as he (to change) greatly after his expedition to the Antarctic. 10. When I (to enter) the hall, the students (to listen) to a very interest­ing lecture in history.

Упражнение 250

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.

It was eight o'clock in the morning and time for me to go to work. I (to look) out of the window. It (to rain) hard. "You (to get) wet through if you (to go) out now," said my mother. "No, I ... ," I an­swered, "I (to take) an umbrella." We (to have) five umbrellas in the house, but when I (to want) to take one, I (to find) that there (to be) not one that I could use: they all (to be) torn or broken. So I (to take) them all and (to carry) them to the umbrella maker, saying that I would call for the umbrellas on my way home in the evening. When I (to go) to have lunch in the afternoon, it still (to rain) very hard. I (to go) to the nearest cafe, and (to sit) down at a table. A few minutes later a young woman (to come) in


and (to sit) down at the same table with me. When I (to finish) my lunch and (to be) ready to leave, I ab­sent-mindedly (to take) her umbrella and (to start) for the exit. She (to stop) me saying that I (to take) her umbrella. I (to return) the umbrella with many apologies. In the evening I (to go) to the umbrella maker, (to take) my five umbrellas and (to get) on the tram to go home. It so happened that the wom­an I (to meet) at the cafe (to ride) in the same tram. When she (to see) me with my five umbrellas, she (to say), "You (to have) a successful day today, (to have not) you?"



Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Future Continuous Tense (Future Progressive Tense)

(действие в процессе, будет совершаться в определенный момент в будущем)

1 shall be writing Не will be writing She will be writing It will be writing

We shall be writing You will be writing They will be writing

1 shall not be writing He will not be writing She will not be writing It will not be writing

We shall not be writing You will not be writing They will not be writing

Shall 1 be writing? Will he be writing? Will she be writing? Will it be writing?

Shall we be writing? Will you be writing? Will they be writing?

Yes, 1 shall. Yes, he will. Yes, she will. Yes, it will.

Yes, we shall. Yes, you will. Yes, they will.

No, 1 shan't. No, he won't. No, she won't. No, it won't.

No, we shan't. No, you won't. No, they won't.

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Употребление времен


209




Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Future Perfect Tense

(действие уже совершится к определенному моменту в будущем)

1 shall have written Не will have written She will have written It will have written

We shall have written You will have written They will have written

1 shall not have written He will not have written She will not have written It will not have written

We shall not have written You will not have written They will not have written

Shall 1 have written? Will he have written? Will she have written? Will it have written?

Shall we have written? Will you have written? Will they have written?

Yes, 1 shall. Yes, he will. Yes, she will. Yes, it will.

Yes, we shall. Yes, you will. Yes, they will.

No, 1 shan't. No, he won't. No, she won't. No, it won't.

No, we shan't. No, you won't. No, they won't.

Сравните употребление трех будущих времен: Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect

Упражнение 251

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из будущих времен: Future Simple, Future Continuous или Future Perfect.

1. I (to do) my homework tomorrow. 2. I (to do) my homework at six o'clock tomorrow. 3. I (to do) my homework by six o'clock tomorrow. 4. Tomorrow I (to begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from school. I (to do) my homework from three till


six. My father (to come) home at seven o'clock to­morrow. I (to do) all my homework by the time he comes, and we (to go) for a walk together. 5. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper. 6. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read) your book. I (to do) my homework by the time you come. 7. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) a composition the whole evening. 8. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening. 9. What you (to do) tomorrow?

  1. What you (to do) at eight o'clock tomorrow?

  2. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow? 12. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 13. When you (to go) to see your friend next time? 14. How many pages you (to read) by five o'clock tomorrow?



Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Present Perfect Progressive Tense)

(действие началось в прошлом, длилось вплоть до настоящего и продолжается в настоящем)

1 have been writing Не has been writing She has been writing It has been writing

We have been writing You have been writing They have been writing

1 have not been writing He has not been writing She has not been writing It has not been writing

We have not been writing You have not been writing They have not been writing

Have 1 been writing? Has he been writing? Has she been writing? Has it been writing?

Have we been writing? Have you been writing? Have they been writing?

Yes, 1 have. Yes, he has. Yes, she has. Yes, it has.

Yes, we have. Yes, you have. Yes, they have

No, 1 haven't. No, he hasn't. No, she hasn't. No, it hasn't.

No, we haven't. No, you haven't. No, they haven't.

210


ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИИ


Употребление времен


211




Сравните следующие предложения:

Я живу в Санкт-Петер-

1 live in St. Petersburg.

бурге.


Я живу в Санкт-Петер-

1 have been living in

бурге с детства.

St. Petersburg since child-


hood.

Она делает уроки.

She is doing her home-


work.

Она делает уроки с

She has been doing her

утра.

homework since morning.

Упражнение 252

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Continuous или Present Perfect Continuous.

1. а) Мой папа работает в институте.

b) Мой папа работает в институте с 1995 года.

  1. а) Моя бабушка готовит обед. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Моя бабушка готовит обед с двух часов.

  2. а) Моя сестра спит.

Ь) Моя сестра спит с пяти часов.

  1. а) Мама убирает квартиру. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Мама убирает квартиру с утра.

  2. а) Дедушка смотрит телевизор. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Дедушка смотрит телевизор с шести часов.

  3. а) Мой дядя пишет стихи.

Ь) Мой дядя пишет стихи с детства.

  1. а) Она читает. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Она читает с утра.

  2. а) Они играют в волейбол. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Они играют в волейбол с трех часов.

  3. а) Мы изучаем английский язык.

Ь) Мы изучаем английский язык с 1998 года.



Сравните следующие предложения:

1 am still working

Я все еще ра-

Present Con-

at my report.

ботаю над до­кладом.

tinuous

1 have already

Я уже 3 ча-

Present Per-

been working at my

са работаю над

fect Continu-

report for three

докладом.

ous

hours.



Упражнение 253

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Perfect Con­tinuous.

1. а) Она все еще изучает испанский язык.

Ь) Она уже два года изучает испанский язык.

2. а) Они все еще живут на даче.

Ь) Они уже четыре месяца живут на даче.

  1. а) Она все еще разговаривает по телефону. Ь) Она разговаривает по телефону уже двад­цать минут.

  2. а) Мой брат все еще решает эту трудную за-

дачу. Ь) Он решает эту задачу уже полчаса.

  1. а) Она все еще пишет письмо бабушке. Ь) Она уже целый час пишет это письмо.

  2. а) Они все еще ловят рыбу.

Ь) Они ловят рыбу уже пять часов.

  1. а) Дедушка и бабушка все еще играют в лото. Ь) Они играют в лото уже два часа.

  2. а) Они все еще спорят.

Ь) Они спорят уже два часа.

9. а) Она еще спит.

Ь) Она спит уже два часа.

212 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


213


10. а) Он еще делает уроки.

Ь) Он делает уроки уже три часа.

11. а) Мальчики все еще играют в футбол.

Ь) Они играют в футбол уже сорок минут.

12. а) Девочки еще переодеваются.

Ь) Они переодеваются уже полчаса.

  1. а) Артисты все еще репетируют эту сцену. Ь) Они репетируют эту сцену уже три часа.

  2. а) Дети все еще бегают во дворе.

Ь) Они уже три часа бегают во дворе.

15. а) Он все еще пишет свою новую книгу.

Ь) Он пишет свою новую книгу уже два года.

16. а) Он все еще учит монолог Гамлета.

Ь) Он учит монолог Гамлета уже два дня.

17. а) Мы все еще ремонтируем нашу квартиру.
Ь) Мы ремонтируем нашу квартиру уже пол­
месяца.

Сравните употребление всех времен Present

Упражнение 254

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Con­tinuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous.

1. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He (to write) books since he was a young man. He already (to write) eight books. 2. What you (to do) here since morning? 3. Lena is a very good girl. She always (to help) her mother about the house. Today she (to help) her mother since morning. They already (to wash) the floor and (to dust) the furniture. Now they (to cook) dinner together. 4. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 5. What they (to do) now? — They (to work) in the reading room. They (to work) there for three hours already. 6. Where he (to be) now? — He (to be) in


the garden. He (to play) volleyball with his friends. They (to play) since breakfast time. 7. I (to live) in St. Petersburg. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1990. 8. This is the factory where my father (to work). He (to work) here for fifteen years. 9. You (to find) your notebook? — No! I still (to look) for it. I already (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yet to find) it. 10. You (to play) with a ball for three hours already. Go home and do your homework.

  1. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already.

  2. I (to wait) for a letter from my cousin for a month already, but (not yet to receive) it. 13. She already (to do) her homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do) half of it. 14.1 (to wait) for you since two o'clock. 15. What you (to do)? — I (to read). I (to read) for two hours already. I already (to read) sixty pages. 16. It is difficult for me to speak about this opera as I (not to hear) it. 17. I just (to receive) a letter from my granny, but I (not yet to receive) any letters from my parents. 18. The weather (to be) fine today. The sun (to shine) ever since we got up. 19. Every day I (to wind) up my watch at 10 o'clock in the evening. 20. Come along, Henry, what you (to do) now? I (to wait) for you a long time. 21. Where your gloves (to be)? — I (to put) them into my pock­et. 22. I (to stay) with some American friends in Chicago. I (to stay) with them for two weeks now. I (to have) a great time here. I (to take) the opportu­nity to improve my English. I already (to see) the towering skyscrapers of Chicago which are reflect­ed in the rippling water of Lake Michigan. I just (to take) a picture of Chicago's Sears Tower which (to rise) 1,707 feet and (to provide) a panoramic view from the skydeck. 23. I (to go) to give that cat some food. I (to be) sure it (to starve). — But Jane already (to feed) the cat. You needn't do it.

214 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


215


Глаголы, не имеющие форм Continuous, следует употреблять в Present Perfect.



Сравните следующие пары предложений:

Я знаю его. Я знаю его уже три года.

1 know him.

1 have known him for three years.

Я хочу поехать в Лон­дон.

Я всегда хотел поехать в Лондон (и сейчас хочу).

1 want to go to London.

1 have always wanted

to go to London.

Она больна. Она больна уже две недели.

She is ill.

She has been ill for two weeks.

Он предпочитает клас­сическую музыку.

Он всегда предпочи­тал классическую музы­ку (и сейчас предпочи­тает).

He prefers classical mu­sic.

He has always pre­ferred classical music.

Она любит кошек. Она всегда любила кошек (и сейчас любит).

She likes cats.

She has always liked

cats.

Упражнение 255

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Мы знаем друг друга уже четыре года. 2. Я всегда хотел изучать английский язык. 3. Где Нина? — Она уже два часа дома. 4. Где дети? — Они все еще играют во дворе. 5. Мой брат уже три года инженер. 6. Мой друг знает английский с дет-


ства. 7. Я уже полчаса наблюдаю за тобой. 8. Ваш брат еще болен? — Нет, он уже поправился. Он уже три дня занимается физикой. Он хочет полу­чить отличную оценку на экзамене. 9. Мне уже давно хочется прочесть эту книгу. 10. Я уже двад­цать минут пытаюсь найти мою старую тетрадь.

  1. Они уже десять лет живут в Нью Йорке.

  2. Моя тетя — артистка. Она всегда любила те­атр. 13. Ваш папа уже вернулся с севера? — Да, он уже две недели дома. 14. Я уже три дня об этом думаю. 15. Моя сестра пьет кофе с молоком. А я всегда предпочитал черный кофе. 16. Мы очень рады вас видеть. Мы вас ждали целый месяц. 17. Вы все еще читаете эту книгу? Сколько вре­мени вы ее уже читаете? 18. Моя сестра занима­ется музыкой уже пять лет. 19. Я ищу тебя весь вечер. Где ты был все это время? 20. Они пишут сочинение уже два часа.

Будущее в прошедшем

Не забудьте, что если главное предложение сто­ит в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном до­полнительном вместо будущих времен должны упот­ребляться соответствующие будущие-в-прошедшем времена.



Спряжение глагола to write (писать)

в Future-in-the-Past Simple Tense

(Не knew that)

(He thought that)

1 should write

1 should not write

he would write

he would not write

she would write

she would not write

it would write

it would not write

we should write

we should not write

you would write

you would not write

they would write

they would not write

216 ГРАММАТИКА, СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


217


[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]

Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Future-in-the-Past Continuous Tense


Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Future-in-the-Past Perfect Tense


Упражнение 256

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени.

1. I am afraid I shall be late. 2. Do you think we shall pick all the apples in three days? 3. He hopes you will often visit him. 4. They expect he will be at


(Не said that)

I should be writing he would be writing she would be writing it would be writing

we should be writing you would be writing they would be writing

(He was sure that)

I should have written he would have written she would have written it would have written

we should have written you would have written they would have written


(He supposed that)

I should not be writing he would not be writing she would not be writing it would not be writing

we should not be writing you would not be writing they would not be writing

(He guessed that)

I should not have written he would not have written she would not have written it would not have written

we should not have written you would not have written they would not have written


home in a few days. 5. Are you afraid we shan't be in time? 6. She promises that she will finish the work in a week. 7. I think Henry will help us. 8. I hope we'll enjoy the show. 9. She expects he'll win the race.

Упражнение 257

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple или Future-in-the-Past Simple.

1. I know we (not to be) late. 2. I knew we (not to be) late. 3. I want to know whether he (to be) at home. 4. I wanted to know whether he (to be) at home. 5. "When you (to be) ready?" he asked. 6. He asked when I (to be) ready. 7. I can't say whether Bob (to do) the work perfectly, but he (to do) his best.

  1. He asked me whether he (to see) Olga there.

  2. Are you sure that we (to have) time to do that?

10. I was afraid he (to say), "I don't think I (to be)
able to come." 11. I did not know what he (to speak)
about. 12.1 knew your aunt (to bake) special cookies
for all her nieces and nephews.

Упражнение 258

Употребите следующие предложения как прида точные дополнительные. В роли главных предложе­ний используйте предложения, данные в скобках.

(I supposed; He believed; She was sure; We were told; I heard; She said; He understood; She ima­gined; The letter said.)

E.g. My brother will be sleeping.

I supposed that my brother would be sleeping.

1. He will solve the problem in no time. 2. The new film will be on in many cinemas. 3. The teacher

218 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ




will have corrected our papers by the beginning of the lesson. 4. She will not like this TV programme. 5. The train will arrive on time. 6. The children will be playing in the yard. 7. All the newspapers will publish this information. 8. They will win the game. 9. I shall go to the south. 10. My sister will not for­get to ring me up. 11. I shall have done my home­work by nine o'clock. 12. The tourists will not re­turn by sunset. 13. My friends will be waiting for me. 14. My friend will have returned by that time. 15. They will be working the whole evening. 16. He will return this book to the library immediately.

Упражнение 259

Переведите на английский язык, обращая внима­ние на время глагола в главном предложении.

1. Я знаю, что он скоро придет. 2. Я знал, что он скоро придет. 3. Я думаю, что она будет спать в это время. 4. Я думал, что она будет спать в это время. 5. Она думает, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 6. Она думала, что сделает всю рабо­ту к пяти часам. 7. Я был уверен, что к десяти часам он уже выучит стихотворение. 8. Я знал, что к девяти часам мама уже приготовит ужин и в девять часов вся семья будет сидеть за столом. Я боялся, что приду слишком поздно. 9. Она боя­лась, что ее друг не придет. 10. Они написали, что скоро приедут. 11. Я был уверен, что встречу его на станции. 12. Я думаю, что папа скоро напишет нам письмо. 13. Вам сказали, что в декабре мы будем писать контрольную работу? 14. Он понял, что никогда ее не забудет. 15. Я полагаю, что они вспомнят о нас. 16. Он говорит, что знает этого человека.





Все времена действительного залога


Present

Past

Future

Future-in-the-Past

Simple (Indefinite)

He writes

letters every day.

He wrote

a letter yesterday.

He will write

a letter tomorrow.

(He said that) he would write

a letter the next day.

Continuous (Progressive)

He is writing

a letter now.

He was writing

a letter at 5 o'clock yesterday.

He will be writing

a letter at 5 o'clock tomorrow.

(He said that) he would be writing

a letter at 5 o'clock the next day.

о ф

ч-. 0)

о.

He has already written

a letter.

He had written

a letter by 5 o'clock yesterday.

He will have written a

letter

by 5 o'clock

tomorrow.

(He said that) he would have written

a letter by 5 o'clock the next day.

Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive)

He has

been

writing

a letter

since

morning.

He had

been

writing

a letter for two hours when 1 came.

He will have been writ­ing

a letter for two hours when 1 come.

(He said that) he would have been writing

a letter

for two hours

when 1 came.

220 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


221


Упражнения на все 16 времен действительного залога

Упражнение 260

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. When morning came, the storm already (to stop), but the snow still (to fall). 2. Yesterday by eight o'clock he (to finish) all his homework, and when I (to come) to his place at nine, he (to read).

  1. I (to wait) for permission to go abroad for three weeks already, but I (not to receive) the visa yet.

  2. Everybody (to be) at the door of the museum, but my friend (not yet to come). 5. We (to drink) tea when the telephone (to ring). 6. Johnny noticed that every­body (to look) at him, and he (to feel) shy. 7. Light (to travel) more quickly than sound. 8. When I (to come) to Pete's house last Sunday, he (to read) a new book. He (to say) he (to give) it to me soon. Today I (to take) it from him. Now I (to read) it. I (to finish) it by Friday. If you like, I (to give) it to you on Sat­urday when you (to come) to see me. 9. When will he come? We (to wait) for him for half an hour already. 10. On leaving the hall, the students (to thank) the professor who (to deliver) the lecture. 11. We al­ready (to cover) about ten miles when Peter, who (to look) out of the window for the last five or ten min­utes, suddenly exclaimed, "Here is the station!"

Упражнение 261

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. Не (to be) here five minutes ago, but you (to be) out. He (to ask) me to tell you that he (to come)


again tonight. 2. You (to read) "The Murder of Rog­er Ackroyd" by Agatha Christie? — No, I (not yet to read) it. But I (to hear) that it (to be) a very in­teresting book. I (to read) it as soon as I (to get) it. 3. When we (to come) to the station, the train al­ready (to arrive). The passengers (to hurry) to occu­py their seats in the carriages. 4. The concert (to be) a greater success than we (to expect). We were very glad. 5. He (to tell) me that if no one (to come) to meet me at the station, I (can) leave the suitcases in the checkroom and go to the hotel where he (to re­serve) a room for me. 6. Lanny (to return) home af­ter seven years of absence. During these seven years he (to study) in Cape Town where his people (to send) him. Lanny was glad at the thought that he (to do) what they (to hope) he (to do) and that soon he (to be) among his people again.

Упражнение 262

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. We could not go out because it (to rain) hard since early morning. 2. She (to teach) at our school for twenty years now. 3. Ring me up as soon as you (to come) home. 4. He (to begin) to write his compo­sition at three o'clock. It is already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to finish) it by twelve. 5. We (to help) our librarian to put the books in the right order for three days already, but we (to ar­range) only half the books. 6. What you (to do) when I (to come) in? 7. When I (to come) to his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before. 8. On checking up his answers he (to find) out that he (to make) several mistakes. 9. When I (to leave) home, the snow already (to stop), but a strong wind (to blow). 10. You (to read) this book? — Yes, I (to read)

223

222 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

it. I (to think) it (to be) very interesting. 11. What the children (to do) now? — Oh, they (to play) the new board game which I just (to buy) for them. 12. They (to reach) the corner of the street by now and (to stand) at the bus stop. 13. After we (to walk) about two hours, we arrived at a picturesque giade covered with fresh grass. 14. That (to be) what I (to com­plain) about.

Упражнение 263

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. At last the librarian (to give) me the book which I (to wait) for during two months. I was very glad. I (to go) home and (to begin) reading it at once. 2. Don't speak to him: he (to be) very busy, he (to do) some very urgent work. 3. I did not want him to go there: I (to be) afraid that something (to happen).

  1. I did not notice that my watch (to stop), and when I (to arrive) at the station, my train (to leave) and I (to have) to ask when the next train (to come).

  2. He (to wait) for fifteen minutes when at last he (to see) her at the end of the platform. 6. By the end of the year he (to read) about two hundred pages. 7. We were happy when the sun (to rise), for the night (to be) very cold. 8. Where you (to put) my dictionary? I cannot find it anywhere. 9. I (not yet to fall) asleep when the telephone (to ring). 10. What you (to do) from six till nine yesterday? 11. The chil­dren (to play) here at eleven o'clock, but now they (to go) home. 12. Go to see your old grandfather as soon as you (to arrive) in Novgorod. 13. You always (to spend) summer at the seaside? — Yes, as a rule. Last summer I (to go) to the mountains, but I (not to find) the rest there as pleasant as near the sea. 14. When they returned, they (to tell) us many in-


Употребление времен

teresting things which they (to see) during their journey. 15. When I (to leave) home, it (to rain).

Упражнение 264

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. Our train starts late in the evening, so if you (to come) at seven o'clock, we still (to pack) our lug­gage. 2. When you (to see) him last? 3. I (to meet) him when he (to walk) across the park. 4. You ever (to act) on the stage? — Why, yes, that's what I (to do) for the last six years. 5. Don't enter the bedroom! The child (to sleep) there, and he always (to wake) up when somebody (to open) the door. 6. Where is your luggage? — I (to leave) it at the station. I (to take) it tomorrow when Nick (to come) to help me.

  1. I (to read) about an hour when he (to come).

  2. The play (not yet to begin) and the people (to talk) in the hall. 9. One night a little swallow (to fly) over the city. His friends (to fly) away to Egypt six weeks before, but he (to stay) behind. 10. What you (to do) these three months? 11. Yesterday I (to buy) a new pair of gloves, as I (to lose) the old ones. 12. We (to walk) in silence. He already (to tell) me all that (to be) interesting about himself, and I (to have) noth­ing to tell him. 13. The moon (not to rise) yet, and only two stars, like two distant lighthouses, (to shine) in the dark blue sky.

Упражнение 265

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. What you (to read)? — I (to read) a magazine. — How long you (to read) it? — I (to read) it for half an hour. 2. She (to live) in Moscow for ten years

224 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


225


when her sister (to come) to live with her. 3. Our teacher (to come). Now he (to speak) with our librar­ian. 4. They (to speak) when I (to look) at them. 5. What you (to do) here? — I (to prepare) for my report. — How long you (to prepare) for it? — Oh, I (to work) since morning. 6. He (to teach) at school for five years when the war (to break) out. 7. She (to study) English since last year. 8. You ever (to be) to London? — Yes, I (to be) there last summer.

9. What your friend (to do) now? — She (to have)
dinner. She usually (to have) dinner at this time.

10. I (to buy) a new dress. I (to show) it to you to­
morrow when you (to come) to my place. 11. So you
begin working tomorrow! And who (to take) care of
your children when you (to go) to work? 12. Hello,
Peter! Where you (to go)? — I (to go) to the library.
13. I (to walk) about an hour when I (to see) a little
house not far from the river. 14. When he (to read)
the newspaper, he (to give) it to his brother. 15. He
(to leave) for Rostov in 1990 and since then he (to
live) there. 16. At this time tomorrow we (to discuss)
your report. 17. Now she (to read) the book which
I (to give) her yesterday. 18. I always (to hate) such
cruelty. 19. No, I (not to see) that movie.

Упражнение 266

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. How long you (to wait) for me? I am really very sorry. 2. Yesterday I (to meet) a friend of mine whom I (not to see) for a long time. 3. Ring me up at elev­en o'clock, I (not yet to sleep). 4. You (to be) late for the concert if you (not to take) a taxi. 5. The sun (to set) a long time ago, and it (to begin) to get really cold. 6. When I (to come) home yesterday, my sister


already (to return) and (to sit) at the fireplace look­ing through some old photographs. 7. He (to smoke) three cigarettes and (to look) through all the books on the shelf, when at last he (to hear) his friend's steps approaching the door. 8. The first person whom Andrew (to see) as he (to enter) was his old nurse. She (to sit) on the sofa. During the last five years she greatly (to change) and now (to look) a very old woman. 9. She is going to read the letter she just (to receive). 10. He just (to approach) the door, when she (to enter). 11. He (to write) the composition for three hours and he (to say) he soon (to finish) it as he (to think) over the conclusion now. 12. Where is the baby? — The nurse (to put) it to bed. 13. He said he (to work) for a long time without achieving good results. 14. Hardly1 I (to go) out when I (to remem­ber) that I (to forget) to take my umbrella. 15. It (to be) late. You (not to finish) yet?

Упражнение 267

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. The students (to write) the paper by dinner­time. 2. They (to sail) down the river for many hours before they (to come) to the village. 3. I (not to be) to my home town for five years. 4. The rain (to stop) by the time we (to reach) home. 5. The message (to arrive) five minutes after he (to leave) the house. 6. It (to be) nearly eleven o'clock when we (to begin) doing this work. 7. At last the reply from my grand­mother (to come), and my mother (to tell) me that she (to come) soon. 8. Here you (to be) at last! I (to

1 После hardly употребляйте Past Perfect и обратный по­рядок слов. 8 Ю. Голицынский

226 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


227


wait) for you for twenty minutes. You (not to be) ashamed? 9. Peter (to read) by the fireplace when the door (to open) and the maid (to enter). The cook (to follow) her. 10. When the mother (to satisfy) herself that the children (to sleep) peacefully in their beds, she (to take) out the Christmas presents and carefully (to put) them into the stockings which (to hang) at the beds. 11. If you (to ring) me up tomor­row, I (to tell) you all about it. 12. The lesson (not yet to begin), and the children (to talk) loudly in the corridor. 13. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1991. 14. By the fifteenth of January the students (to pass) all the exams. 15. I (to wait) for the postman now. He (not to be) here yet. 16. You (to hear) the news?

Упражнение 268

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. Where is Nick? — Не (not to be) at home, he (to go) to the cinema. Wait for him, he (to come) in half an hour. 2. It was very late. I (to go) to bed and (to fall) asleep when my father (to return) home. 3. I'll join you when I (to drink) my tea. 4. When I (to come), he (to live) in the same old house where I first (to meet) him. He (to tell) me he (to wait) for me for some time already. 5. The pupils (to do) a lot of exercises before they (to learn) to write dictations well. 6. I could not hear a sound: they (to stop) talk­ing. 7. On entering the drawing room, he (to find) that his two friends (to get) up and (to wait) for him. 8. The sportsmen (to train) since early morning; now they (to go) over the high jump, as they (not to be) satisfied with their results. 9. Five minutes (not to pass) when the train for which we (to wait) (to appear) in the distance. 10. Tomorrow father (to come) late.


We (to do) all our homework and (to drink) tea when he (to come). 11. When Mrs. Smith (to come) home yes­terday, she (to see) that her daughter (to cook) supper and (to wait) for her with the table laid. 12. Anyone (to see) my dog? 13. You (to go) to the pictures tonight?

Упражнение 269

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. Не said he (to listen) to the same stories for a long time. 2. By the evening he (to translate) ten pages. 3. You ever (to be) to the new stadium? — Yes, I (to be) there last Saturday. 4. The old lady was happy: she (not to see) her son for three years. 5. What you (to do) yesterday? 6. How many pages you (to translate) for today? 7. The day (to be) cold and it (to rain). When I (to reach) home, my rain­coat (to be) all wet. I (to take) it off, (to shake) the water off it, (to hang) it up and (to go) into the liv­ing room. My children (to play) on the carpet. When they (to see) me, they (to jump) up and (to run) up to me. 8. I (to hear) this song several times already, but I cannot remember the words. I (to write) them down as soon as I (to hear) this song again. 9. Hard­ly1 he (to open) the suitcase, when he (to find) the tie which he (to think) he (to lose) long before. 10. Shut the door! The room (to be) full of smells which (to come) from the kitchen. Mother (not to like) kitchen smells in the room. 11. Last night he (to finish) the book which he (to begin) writing a year ago. 12.1 (to be) afraid he (to lose) this match. 13. Who (to make) all that noise? 14. Sharks (to be) on earth more than 350 million years.

1 Hardly см. примечание на стр. 225.

228 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


229


Упражнение 270

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. When the train (to stop), I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) any of my friends there. I (to send) them a telegram and hoped that they (to meet) me. As I (to discover) later, they (to receive) it ten minutes before the train arrived and could not meet me. 2. We were greatly surprised not to find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister (to for­get) to give her our message, and Ann (to leave) the house fifteen minutes before we (to come). 3. I de­cided not to put on my raincoat as it (to stop) rain­ing already and the sun (to shine) brightly. 4. The young people entered the theatre. The performance already (to begin), and they (to have) to wait till the first act (to be) over. Nina never (to be) here before and she (to like) the theatre very much. 5. I did not recognize Helen as I (not to see) her for a very long time and she greatly (to change). 6. When the teach­er told the boy to recite the poem, the boy (to burst) into tears: he (not to remember) anything, though he (to try) to learn his lesson so hard. 7. Jane usual­ly works in the library. She (to work) there now. She already (to gather) the necessary material and now she (to write) her report. 8. When we (to come) to the station, our train already (to leave), and we (to have) to wait for two hours before another one (to come). 9. I was anxious to see the place where I (to spend) my childhood. 10. Victor asked me to explain the new rule to him, as he (to miss) the previous les­son. 11. John Gray (to visit) Russia in 1989 and (not to be) here since that time. 12. The sight of the school building brought back the old days to us. Here we (to spend) many years together. We (to learn) to read and write; here we (to experience) our first joys


and sorrows. We recollected our first day at school, how we (to come) to our first lesson looking alarmed and excited.

Упражнение 271

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

Ann: Hello, Kate. I am so glad you (to come) at last. Where you (to spend) the morning?

Kate: I (to be) in the bookstore choosing new books in English.

Ann: It (to rain) still? It (to be) rather dark in the room.

Kate: No, the rain (to stop), but the wind (to blow). On my way to your place I (to meet) Mary. You (to know) her?

Ann: Of course I .... I (to know) her since child­hood. When we (to be) children, we often (to play) together. Where you (to meet) her? I (not to see) her for a long time. What she (to look) like?

Kate: She (not to change) a bit. She (to go) to the library when I (to meet) her.

Ann: What she (to tell) you?

Kate: She (to tell) me she recently (to return) from a very interesting trip and that she (to trav­el) a lot and (to see) many interesting things. She (to want) to see all her friends soon.

Ann: Oh, then she (to come) to see me, too, I (to think).

Kate: Yes, that (to be) a pleasant meeting, I (to be) sure. But what (to be) the time? My watch (to stop) and I (not to know) the exact time.

Ann: It (to be) ten minutes to three.

Kate: Oh, then let's begin working at once. At four o'clock I must go. My mother (to wait) for me at the metro station at a quarter past four.

230 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Употребление времен


231


Упражнение 272

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в требующемся времени.

1. Он был счастлив: он написал отличное сочи­нение. 2. Я ищу тебя весь вечер. 3. Я вдруг вспом­нил, что ничего не ел с утра. 4. К счастью, дождь уже перестал, когда мы вышли. 5. Сколько лет вы работаете в этой школе? 6. В одиннадцать часов мы еще работали. 7. В одиннадцать часов мы уже работали три часа. 8. Я уже три раза говорил те­бе, что надо переписать упражнение. 9. Я уже целый час читал после обеда, когда пришел папа. 10. Я не приду. Я буду писать сочинение весь вечер. 11. Где ты был с прошлой пятницы? 12. Я уже две недели живу у друзей. 13. Я уже две недели жил у друзей, когда получил письмо.

14. Сколько дней вы уже читаете эту книгу?

15. Только когда она была в поезде, она вспомни­
ла, что оставила книгу дома. 16. Они живут в этом
доме уже пять лет. 17. Моя сестра была больна
уже несколько дней, когда я узнала об этом.
18. Ты знал, что он не написал сочинение? 19. Мы
не получаем от нее писем уже несколько месяцев.

  1. Сколько лет вы уже работаете на этом заводе?

  2. Он уже ушел, когда Лена включила радио.

  3. Я работаю над этой проблемой уже три меся­ца. 23. Вы должны отдохнуть. Вы слишком много работали сегодня.

Упражнение 273

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в требующемся времени.

1. Что делает твой брат? — Он работает в ин­ституте. — А что он сейчас делает? — Он читает


газету. Я всегда приношу ему газеты, когда он приходит с работы. 2. Было уже темно, когда мы подошли к дому; дул сильный ветер, и станови­лось все холоднее и холоднее. 3. Что вы будете делать завтра в восемь часов вечера? — Завтра к восьми часам я уже закончу все свои уроки, и в восемь часов буду играть на рояле. 4. Они читали Диккенса по-английски, и знают многие его про­изведения. 5. Наступила зима, и теперь мы опять будем часто ходить на каток. 6. Когда Том вышел из дома, все ребята играли в футбол, а Билл и Джон считали круглые камешки, которые они принесли с реки. 7. Она была удивлена: она еще никогда не видела столько цветов. 8. Когда я про­снулся, мама уже встала и готовила чай. 9. Я уже полчаса стараюсь вспомнить ее имя, но до сих пор еще не вспомнил. 10. Когда он пришел домой, мы уже ушли в кино. 11. Она сказала, что идет дождь и нам лучше сидеть дома. 12. Она жила в этом доме уже пять лет, когда приехал ее брат. 13. Она думала, что будет хорошая погода. 14. Разве ты не понимаешь, что весной будет уже три года, как я ношу эту шляпку? 15. Неужели они играют в шахматы с самого утра? 16. Они шли по дороге уже два или три часа, когда вдруг пошел дождь. 17. Я знаю, что она работает над этой статьей уже три недели. 18. Когда я повторила свой вопрос, он сказал, что не слышал меня в первый раз, но я ясно видела, что он хорошо слышал меня оба раза. 19. Ну, уложила ты свои вещи, наконец? Такси уже десять минут ожидает у дверей. 20. Мы си­дим здесь уже два часа, а я все еще не рассказал тебе о своей поездке. 21. Где Мери? — Она в биб­лиотеке, она готовится к докладу. Она уже рабо­тает три часа. 22. Он думал, что его друзья рабо­тают вместе.

Passive Voice


233


PASSIVE VOICE

to be + III форма глагола

Спряжение глагола to take (брать, отводить) во временах группы Simple в Passive Voice

Present Simple Passive



Future Simple Passive

1 shall be taken

1 shall not be taken

Shall 1 be taken?

He will be taken

He will not be taken

Will he be taken?

She will be taken

She will not be taken

Will she be taken?

It will be taken

It will not be taken

Will it be taken?

We shall be taken

We shall not



be taken

Shall we be taken?

You will be taken

You will not be taken

Will you be taken?

They will be taken

They will not



be taken

Will they be taken?


I am taken He is taken She is taken It is taken

We are taken You are taken They are taken


I am not taken He is not taken She is not taken It is not taken

We are not taken You are not taken They are not taken


Am I taken? Is he taken? Is she taken? Is it taken?

Are we taken? Are you taken? Are they taken?



Сравните:

1 take (я отвожу) 1 am 1 took (я отвел) 1 was 1 shall take (я отведу) — отведут)

taken (меня отводят) taken (меня отвели) 1 shall be taken (меня


I was taken He was taken She was taken It was taken

We were taken You were taken They were taken


Past Simple Passive

I was not taken He was not taken She was not taken It was not taken

We were not taken You were not taken They were not taken


Was I taken? Was he taken? Was she taken? Was it taken?

Were we taken? Were you taken? Were they taken?


Упражнение 274

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive.

Я рассказал — Мне рассказали Я показал — Мне показали Она привела — Ее привели Мы спросили — Нас спросили Мы ответили — Нам ответили Мы послали — Нас послали

234 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice


235


Они дали — Им дали

Он помог — Ему помогли

Он посоветовал — Ему посоветовали

Он забыл — Его забыли

Он вспомнил — Его вспомнили

Мы пригласили — Нас пригласили

Мы поправили — Нас поправили

Он вылечил — Его вылечили

Он позвал — Его позвали

Упражнение 275

Переведите на английский, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

Мне рассказали — Мне рассказывают — Мне расскажут

Мне показали — Мне показывают — Мне по­кажут

Ее привели — Ее приводят — Ее приведут

Нас спросили — Нас спрашивают — Нас спро­сят

Нам ответили — Нам отвечают — Нам ответят

Нас послали — Нас посылают — Нас пошлют

Им дали — Им дают — Им дадут

Ему помогли— Ему помогают — Ему помогут

Ему посоветовали — Ему советуют — Ему посо­ветуют

Его забыли — Его забывают — Его забудут

Его вспомнили — Его вспоминают — Его вспом­нят

Нас пригласили — Нас приглашают — Нас при­гласят

Нас поправили — Нас поправляют — Нас по­правят

Его позвали — Его зовут — Его позовут


Упражнение 276

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Passive.

(USUALLY) 1. The postbox (to empty) every day.

  1. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.

  2. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.

  3. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver).

Упражнение 277

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple Passive.

(YESTERDAY) 1. The postbox (to empty) yester­day. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.

  1. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.

  2. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver).

Упражнение 278

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple Passive.

(TOMORROW) 1. The postbox (to empty) tomor­row. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.

  1. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.

  2. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver).

236 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice


237


Упражнение 279

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday. 2. Hockey (to play) in winter. 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in au­tumn. 4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 5. His new book (to finish) next year.

6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.

7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 8. Bread (to eat)
every day. 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11. I (to ask)
at the lesson yesterday. 12. I (to give) a very interest­
ing book at the library last Friday. 13. Many houses
(to build) in our town every year. 14. This work (to
do) tomorrow. 15. This text (to translate) at the last
lesson. 16. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 17. Many
interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.
18. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 19. We
(to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 20. Lost time
never (to find) again. 21. Rome (not to build) in a day.

Упражнение 280

Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующуюся форму глагола.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau. 2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. 3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 4. Your lug­gage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift. 5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloak­room downstairs. 6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 8. Tomor­row he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Mu­seum.


Упражнение 281

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present Simple Active или Present Simple Passive.

1. Я всегда хвалю моих друзей. 2. Меня всегда хвалят дома. 3. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои оценки. 4. Каждую субботу папе по­казывают мои оценки. 5. Мы часто вспоминаем вас. 6. Нас часто вспоминают в деревне. 7. Мне дают сок каждое утро. 8. Каждое утро я даю кошке моло­ко. 9. Он каждый день рассказывает нам что-ни­будь интересное. 10. Ему каждый день рассказы­вают что-нибудь интересное. 11. Я часто посылаю письма друзьям. 12. Меня часто посылают на юг. 13. Меня часто приглашают в кино. 14. Моей сест­ре часто помогают в школе. 15. Я иногда за­бываю взять проездную карточку. 16. Он пишет много писем. 17. Книги А. Кристи читают с интере­сом. 18. Собаки любят кости. 19. Собак любят во многих семьях. 20. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай? 21. Где хранят старые письма? 22. Почему эти пра­вила всегда забывают? 23. Почему вы всегда за­бываете эти правила? 24. Где живут ваши друзья? 25. Где покупают хлеб? 26. Когда задают вопросы?

Упражнение 282

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive.

1. Я посоветовал (моему) другу поступить в спор­тивную секцию. 2. Мне посоветовали поступить в спортивную секцию. 3. Я показал доктору (мои) зубы. 4. Меня показали доктору. 5. Я дал своей собаке кусок сахара. 6. Мне дали на обед суп. 7. Вчера я попросил учителя помочь мне. 8. Вче-

238 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice 239


ра меня попросили помочь однокласснику. 9. Про­шлым летом я научил сестру плавать. 10. Про­шлым летом меня научили плавать. 11. Вчера нам задавали много вопросов на уроке. 12. Я от­ветил на все вопросы. 13. Учитель поставил мне хорошую оценку. 14. Дома меня похвалили. 15. Эти письма принесли утром. 16. Мой велоси­пед купили в прошлом году. 17. Эти орехи съели вчера. 18. Где вы купили эту книгу? 19. Где ку­пили эту книгу? 20. Когда сварили обед? 21. Ког­да разбили чашку? 22. Когда ты разбил чашку? 23. Что ему обещали? 24. Когда починили маши­ну? 25. Ког-да исправили ошибку?

Упражнение 283

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Future Simple Active или Future Simple Pas­sive.^

1. Новые коньки купят завтра. 2. Миша попро­сит меня помочь ему. 3. Мишу попросят расска­зать о своем путешествии. 4. Доктор попросит ме­ня открыть рот. 5. Доктора попросят вылечить меня. 6. Завтра я принесу новый фильм. 7. Завт­ра принесут новый фильм. 8. Мой друг поможет мне с математикой. 9. Моему другу помогут с не­мецким. 10. Я куплю мороженого. 11. Билеты принесут завтра. 12. Диктант будут писать в сле­дующий вторник. 13. Маму попросят не беспоко­иться. 14. Маме дадут чашечку кофе. 15. Мама поблагодарит доктора. 16. Телеграмма будет от­правлена сейчас же. 17. Ковер повесят на стену. 18. Книги положат на полку. 19. Когда пошлют письмо? 20. Когда проверят контрольную работу? 21. Как будут делать эту работу?





Сравните:



The doctor

was

sent. Доктора послали.

The doctor

was

sent for. За доктором послали.

Запомните

этот

шуточный мини-рассказ:


He

was talked about.


He

was sent for.


He

was waited for.


He

was looked at.


He

was listened to.


He

was laughed at.

Запомните

эти предложения:

The house

wasn't lived in.

The bed wasn't slept in.

Упражнение 284

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice, обращая внимание на место предлога.

E.g. We often speak of her. She is often spoken of.

1. The senior students laughed at the freshman.

  1. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday.

  2. Young mothers looked after their babies with great care. 4. Nobody lived in that old house. 5. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject. 6. We thought about our friend all the time. 7. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 8. The teacher sent for the pupil's parents. 9. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 10. Nobody slept in the bed. 11. The neighbour asked for the telegram. 12. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention. 13. They often speak about the weather.

240 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice


241


Упражнение 285

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. Ее часто посылают на почту. 2. В прошлом году ее послали в Кембридж. 3. Его пошлют в Гар­вард. 4. За ней всегда посылают. 5. За ней посла­ли вчера. 6. За мной пошлют завтра. 7. Их всегда приглашают на день рождения Ани. 8. Летом Ко­лю отвезут на дачу. 9. Об этом фильме много гово­рили. 10. В музее нам показали много прекрасных картин. 11. Эту книгу очень часто спрашивают.

Упражнение 286

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

E.g. Mother wafers the flowers in the evening. The flowers are watered in the evening (by Mother).

1. Irene's husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south. 2. The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3. Mr. Wil­son will teach you English. 4. The doctor ordered me a month's rest from studying. 5. Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday. 6. Our mother tells us sto­ries every evening. 7. Lydia will show you a new book of pictures. 8. A boy showed her the way. 9. They will send us a box of fruit. 10. Five or six small chil­dren followed them. 11. In summer the boys often -rlrive the horses to the fields. 12. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest. 13. The waves carried the boat away. 14. We shall do the translation in the evening. 15. They water the flow­ers regularly. 16. You promised me these books long ago. 17. Bessie's father gave her a complete


set of Walter Scott's works. 18. The two hikers dropped their heavy backpacks. 19. The boys will paint the roof of the house. 20. Tom Sawyer white­washed the fence. 21. Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

Упражнение 287

Поставьте выделенные глаголы в Passive Voice, внеся необходимые изменения в предложения.

1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at last she wrote it. 2. Don't put the cup there: somebody will break it. 3. Why weren't you at the birthday party? — They didn't invite me. 4. We met many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time. 5. We shall leave you behind if you are not quick. 6. I spent all my money on books last month. 7. I don't think we shall do all this work to­day: there is too much of it. 8. It's a very funny thing that when I start doing this, somebody always stops me. 9. Don't leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them. 10. She really broke her mother's heart when she left home. 11. The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.

Запомните:

Это нужно сделать. It must be done. Это можно сделать. It can be done.

Упражнение 288

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. You must take the box to the station. 2. You can cross the river on a raft. 3. The workers can finish the building of the house very soon. 4. You must

242 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice


243


return the books the day after tomorrow. 5. You must do three of these exercises tomorrow. 6. You can find the book you need in any library. 7. We must send these letters at once. 8. I can easily for­give this mistake. 9. You can find such berries eve­rywhere. 10. You must do this work very carefully.

  1. The doctor says they must take her to hospital.

  2. You can do the work in three days. 13. The stu­dents must return all the library books before each summer vacation. 14. Monkeys can climb even the tallest trees.

Упражнение 289

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Passive Infinitive после модальных глаголов.

1. Руки надо мыть перед каждой едой. 2. Комна­ты нужно регулярно проветривать. 3. Кошку надо кормить рыбой. 4. Собаку можно кормить мясом и овощами. 5. Ребенку надо давать фрукты. 6. Книги надо положить в шкаф. 7. Эту картину можно пове­сить над камином. 8. Как можно перевести это сло­во? 9. Куда можно поставить чемоданы? 10. Можно кошку оставить во дворе? 11. На что нужно обра­тить внимание? 12. Нужно записать твой номер те­лефона. 13. Нужно измерить ваше кровяное давле­ние. 14. Его надо пригласить на мой день рождения. 15. Ей можно предложить новую работу.

Упражнение 290

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to understand) by all of us. 2. The poem was


so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody. 3. I hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody. 4. The let­ter (to post) in half an hour. 5. It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room. 6. At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team.

  1. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived.

  2. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters.

  3. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 10. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 11. The compo­sition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 12. Yester­day he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 13. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 14. The lecture (to attend) by all of us yesterday. 15. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 16. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I've known him for years.

Упражнение 291

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active Voice или Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday. 2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow. 3. He (to give) me this book next week. 4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia. 5. We (to show) the histori­cal monuments of the capital to the delegation to­morrow. 6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book. 7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest. 8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.

9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.

10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian
aviation.
11. He (to speak) very highly of the doctor.

[pic] [pic] 244 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Таблица всех времен в Passive Voice

Present Past Future Th!"^*

m-the-Past

(He said that)
Л Letters The letter The letter the letter
«s are was will be would be

§■11 writen written written written

С О)

<л "g every yesferday. tomorrow. the next day. =- day.

m oT The The letter \ / \ /

о 5 letter is was being \/ \/

| ф being written X. X.

с g» written at 5 o'clock / \ / \

о a now. yesferday. / \ / \

(He said that)

The The letter The letter the letter

letter had been will have would have

% has written been been written

ф already by 5 o'clock written by 5 o'clock

°" been yesferday. by 5 o'clock the next day.

written. tomorrow.

3 •- \ /\ /\ /\ /

S8 \ / \ / \ /\ /
= fi \ / \/ \/ \/

¥ O) \ / \/ \/ \/

s Y У У У

°- Л /\ /\ /\

SS/\/\/\/\ / \/ \/ \ / \

1| i i



245

Passive Voice

Упражнение 292

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. Не stole a lot of money from the shop. 2. By six o'clock they had finished the work. 3. At twelve o'clock the workers were loading the trucks. 4. By three o'clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 5. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year. 6. They will show this film on TV. 7. They are building a new concert hall in our street. 8. I bought potatoes yesterday. 9. We shall bring the books to­morrow. 10. They are repairing the clock now. 11. They sell milk in this shop. 12. I have translat­ed the whole text. 13. They broke the window last week. 14. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 15. We shall do the work in the evening. 16. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 17. They were playing tennis from four till five. 18. They have made a number of important experiments in this la­boratory. 19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 22. They have forgotten the story. 23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you? 24. They haven't brought back my skates.

Упражнение 293

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. Не will introduce me to his friends. 2. They are building a bridge over the river. 3. I haven't yet translated the article. 4. We were looking at the man with great surprise. 5. You will speak about the film at the lesson. 6. The headmistress sent for the pu­pil's parents. 7. Has the secretary typed the let-

246 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice


247


ters yet? — No, she is typing them now. 8. We asked him about his holidays. 9. They have already di­scussed the novel. 10. He did not give me his address. 11. She showed him the way to the metro station.

Упражнение 294

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. The doctor prescribed her new medicine. 2. They often speak of him. 3. Everybody laughed at this funny animal. 4. We have been looking for you the whole morning. 5. We shall insist on strict discipline. 6. They teach three foreign languages at this school. 7. We received this letter after his de­parture. 8. Have dogs ever attacked you? 9. Bees gather honey from flowers. 10. The storm drove the ship against a rock. 11. Who discovered the circula­tion of blood? 12. They are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now. 13. The old man showed us the way out of the wood. 14. They offered her some interest­ing work.

Упражнение 295

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. The children have scattered about a lot of things. 2. The girl has put all the books into the bookcase. 3. Snow will cover the fields in win­ter. 4. They will hand in the homework tomorrow. 5. I don't think we shall finish all the preparations today. 6. She always invites me to her dinner par­ties. 7. She showed me the dress which her daugh­ter had made. 8. They did not invite her to the par­ty. 9. I did not leave the window open. 10. They did


not turn off the light. 11. I have invited some friends to tea. 12. She has given me an English book. 13. Have you written the letter yet? 14. They have told us a lot of interesting things. 15. The stu­dents have written the paper without mistakes. 16. We discussed the matter some days ago. 17. Someone wants you on the phone. 18. She found my book on the windowsill. 19. They have built excellent shel­ters for tourists in these mountains. 20. Have you given out the exercises to all the students? 21. The boy was angry because his mother did not allow him to go to the stadium. 22. Why have you put my books on this table?

Упражнение 296

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. One of my friends took me to the cinema last week. 2. We shall finish this work in time. 3. They built this house in 2001. 4. They were selling new children's books in that shop when I entered it yes­terday. 5. A large group of young people joined us on our way to the station. 6. A young teacher start­ed a school in this village. 7. They are translating this article now. 8. Galsworthy wrote "The Forsyte Saga." 9. Thousands of people attended this meet­ing. 10. He has just interrupted me. 11. The teach­er has explained it to us. 12. We turn on the light when it is dark. 13. The students finished their translation in time. 14. Helen washed the dishes.

  1. Betty often took her younger brother for a walk.

  2. Mother has made some coffee. 17. Have you ironed your dress yet? 18. Nina mispronounced this word. 19. They have told her the truth. 20. She promised us an interesting entertainment. 21. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. 22. I shall

248 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice 249


finish my work about seven o'clock. 23. Somebody has opened the door. 24. The waitress brought in the coffee.

Упражнение 297

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. They looked for the girl everywhere. 2. They did not listen to the boy. 3. She looks after the patients well. 4. They asked for our address. 5. My father looked through these papers this morning. 6. He will give my brother English lessons. 7. A friend of his has shown me an interesting magazine. 8. His friend told him everything. 9. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly. 10. They have recently built a huge plant in the town of N. 11. We must finish the work by tomorrow. 12. When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor. 13. They showed Helen the nearest way to the theatre. 14. He gave his patient some good advice. 15. Mary has told me the news. 16. The people looked at the little boy with interest. 17. They examined the paper attentively.

Упражнение 298

Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие.

1. The room was cleaned and aired. 2. Have all these books been read? 3. Whom were these letters written by? 4. The letter has just been typed. 5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be allowed to go there. 7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now. 8. All the questions must be answered. 9. The door has been left open. 10. Betty was met at


the station. 11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert. 12. She said that the new timetable had not yet been hung up on the notice board. 13. The roast chicken was eaten with appetite. 14. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen. 15. The light has not yet been turned off. 16. The boy was punished for misbehaving. 17. By three o'clock eve­rything had been prepared. 18. The dictation was written without mistakes. 19. Whom was the poem written by? 20. Her dress was washed and ironed. 21. I was not blamed for the mistakes. 22. The pa­pers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson. 23. This house was built last year. 24. The letter has just been sent. 25. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday. 26. When will this book be returned to the library?

Упражнение 299

Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие.

1. Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be present at the school's thirtieth anniversary. 2. All the passengers in the bus were listening to the story of the boy who had been saved from drowning by the quickness of the driver. 3. The work was fin­ished in time. 4. The child is taken care of. 5. This book must be read by every student. 6. This film can be seen at our cinema. 7. Spartan children were taught by their parents to endure all hardships.

  1. Which article was translated by your brother?

  2. They were being taught drawing at that lesson.


  1. This name was seldom mentioned in his novels.

  2. I am often told about it. 12. This man has nev­er been spoken of. 13. When was it done? 14. What museums were visited last year? 15. Have your com-

250 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice


251


positions been handed in? 16. What has been said is true. 17. After the facts had thoroughly been ex­plained to her, she no longer felt worried. 18. He was fined for crossing the street in the wrong place. 19. The Greeks were attacked by the Persians from the sea. 20. This mountain has never been climbed before. 21. She told me that those newspapers had carefully been put away where they would not be lost. 22. Why have these cups been put here in this cupboard? 23. Nick was told to go home at once.

Упражнение 300

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. Two reports on Hemingway's stories (to make) in our group last month. Both of them were very interesting. 2. He said that Grandmother's letter (to receive) the day before. 3. Two new engineers just (to introduce) to the head of the department. 4. Don't worry, everything will be all "#000000">10. All the texts (to look) through yesterday and not a single mistake (to find).

Упражнение 301

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Passive Voice.

1. Эту книгу взяли из библиотеки только вче­ра. 2. Этих трех студентов спросили два дня тому


назад. 3. Вас экзаменовали утром? 4. Эта мышь была поймана ночью. 5. На этой фабрике делают очень красивые сумки. 6. Письма туда можно по­сылать только летом, а телеграммы круглый год. 7. Мою подругу каждый год посылают за грани­цу. 8. Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад. 9. Вчера нас послали в лабораторию. 10. Это со­чинение было написано на прошлой неделе. 11. Те­леграмму послали поздно вечером, и он получит ее только утром. 12. Эту статью должна прочитать вся группа. 13. Это упражнение можно написать карандашом. 14. Все ваши сочинения будут воз­вращены на будущей неделе. 15. Это письмо мож­но написать на одном листе.

Упражнение 302

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Passive Voice.

1. Нам показали очень странную картину. 2. Те­бя ищут. Иди домой. 3. Вас всех пригласят в зал и расскажут обо всех изменениях в школьной про­грамме. 4. Почему над ним всегда смеются? 5. Нам всем дали билеты на выставку. 6. Лекции этого знаменитого профессора всегда слушают с боль­шим вниманием. 7. Меня ждут? 8. Им задали три трудных вопроса. 9. За директором уже послали. Подождите немного. 10. Всех пригласили в боль­шой зал. 11. Эти письма просмотрены. Их можно отправлять. 12. На станции их встретил гид и от­вез в гостиницу. 13. Эти журналы должны быть возвращены в библиотеку на следующей неделе. 14. На наших занятиях много внимания уделяет­ся произношению. 15. Иванову велели объяснить, почему он пропускает занятия. 16. Меня пригла­сят на ваш вечер? 17. Детей оставили дома одних.

252 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Passive Voice


253


Упражнение 303

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Passive Voice.

1. На вокзале его встретит папа. 2. Эта картина была написана в XVI веке. 3. Эти книги исполь­зуются для работы? 4. В Италии нам покажут много достопримечательностей. 5. За этим мужчи­ной шла огромная толпа. 6. Когда читали новый рассказ, кто-то постучал в дверь. 7. Вас уже при­гласили на вечер? 8. Когда мама пришла, обед был уже сварен. 9. За этим доктором часто посыла­ют. 10. На вокзале его всегда встречают друзья. 11. Вам в школе дают книги для чтения? 12. Плен­ников провели в большой зал. 13. Какие упраж­нения делали в классе? 14. Кто написал это пись­мо? 15. В будущем году построят много школ. 16. Над ним все смеются. 17. Эта работа будет за­кончена на будущей неделе? 18. Когда были поса­жены эти яблони? 19. В институте его часто вспо­минали и говорили о нем. 20. Нас встретят на станции? 21. Ответ будет отправлен через несколь­ко дней. 22. Когда тебя спрашивали? 23. Этот пе­ревод будет закончен через несколько дней. 24. Эту книгу вернут вовремя?

Упражнение 304

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Passive Voice.

1. Письма были оставлены на столе. 2. Маль­чику не разрешили купаться в реке. 3. После обе­да посуда была вымыта. 4. Письмо было написа­но вчера. 5. Эту статью написал один английский журналист. 6. Это стихотворение должны выучить все студенты наглей группы. 7. Нам показали


много красивых вещей. 8. Стихотворение было вы­учено наизусть. 9. Их будут обучать английскому языку. 10. Когда яблоко было съедено, девочка взя­ла куклу и пошла в комнату. 11. Когда будет напи­сана ваша книга? 12. Все эти книги взяты из биб­лиотеки. 13. Диктант был сдан преподавателю пос­ле звонка. 14. Я думала, что хлеб и масло купит моя сестра. 15. Весной это поле будет покрыто зеле­ной травой и цветами. 16. Уроки были приготовле­ны, книги и тетради уложены в портфель. 17. Ра­бота была выполнена очень хорошо. 18. Статья должна быть переведена к пяти часам. 19. Перевод будет закончен вовремя. 20. Когда я пришла домой, суп был уже сварен. 21. Статья была переведена без ошибок. 22. Книгу положили в шкаф.

Упражнение 305

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Passive Voice.

1. Где сейчас ваш брат? — Его послали во Фран­цию. 2. О вас только что говорили. 3. Дома над ней посмеялись. 4. „Мне только что приказали ввести пленных", — сказал солдат. 5. Кто напи­сал это письмо? 6. Эти цветы только что сорвали. 7. Тебя вчера просили прийти пораньше? 8. В бу­дущем году его пьеса будет поставлена в этом те­атре. 9. За этим профессором всегда посылают в трудных ситуациях. 10. Собор Святого Павла стро­ил архитектор Рен. 11. Когда написали письмо? 12. Куда положили книги? 13. За доктором по­шлют завтра. 14. В Санкт-Петербурге строят мно­го домов. 15. Произведения английских и амери­канских писателей издают во всем мире. 16. К то­му времени, как он приехал, письмо было уже получено. 17. Hani дом сейчас ремонтируют. 18. Колю как раз спрашивают. 19. Книги уже при-

254 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИИ

несли из библиотеки? 20. Этот кинотеатр был по­строен до того, как мы приехали сюда. 21. Стихи Роберта Бернса знают во многих странах мира.

22. Когда Чарльз Диккенс был маленьким маль­
чиком, его отца посадили в долговую тюрьму.

  1. Эта опера была написана сто лет назад.

  2. Этот роман уже переведен на пять языков.

  3. Обед готовили, когда я пришел домой.


СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН. КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ


Упражнение 306

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла­голы в Passive Voice.

1. Меня представили ее отцу вчера. 2. Когда я вернусь домой, все мои чемоданы будут уже уло­жены. 3. На какой учебник вы ссылаетесь в ва­шем докладе? 4. Разве это сочинение было напи­сано до того, как вы делали доклад? 5. Ее слуша­ли невнимательно, и все, что она сказала, было вскоре забыто. 6. Об этом эпизоде много говорят в нашей семье. 7. Нас провели в зал и предложи­ли нам хорошие места. 8. Послали за лекар­ством? — Да, его ищут. 9. Его воспитала сестра. 10. Не беспокойся, ему помогут в работе. 11. В на­шем районе строятся три новые школы. 12. Этот мост еще строится. Он строился, когда я его уви­дел в первый раз. 13. Когда я начал им помогать, они переводили статью уже два часа, но она еще не была переведена. 14. Когда я приду домой, обед будут готовить. 15. Этот рассказ обсудили на уроке литературы. 16. Не говори, пока с тобой не заговорят. 17. Произведения Агаты Кристи были переведены на более, чем 100 языков.





Сдвиг времен в придаточном дополнительном при главном предложении в прошедшем времени

Present Simple

Past Simple Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Действие прида­точного предложе­ния происходит од­новременно с дей­ствием главного.

Present Perfect \ . \ Past

Past Simple ^Perfect

Действие прида­точного предложе­ния предшествует действию главного.

Future Future-in-the-Past

Действие прида­точного предложе­ния совершается позже действия главного.

256 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 257




Употребляя простые предложения в роли придаточ­ных дополнительных при главном предложении в про­шедшем времени, сдвигайте времена, как указано в таблице:

Sequence of Tenses

Не lives in New York. 1 thought that he lived in New York.

Mother is sleeping. 1 knew that mother was sleep­ing.

Одновременное действие

Одновременное действие

He has returned from London. 1 was told that he had returned from London.

He bought a new car. 1 heard that he had bought a new car.

Предшествующее действие

Предшествующее действие

He will send us a letter. 1 supposed that he would send us a letter.

Последующее действие

Упражнение 307

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках.

1. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3. She said that her best friend was a doctor.

  1. She said that her best friend had been a doctor.

  2. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage.


6. I didn't know that you had worked at the Her­mitage. 7. I knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 10. We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had re­ceived an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased.

Упражнение 308

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложе­ния от времени главного.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

Упражнение 309

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложе­ния от времени главного.

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2. He says they have made good

9 Ю. Голицынский

258 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречь 259


progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as an interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the south. 6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Peters­burg from the United States of America. 7. He says they have not been here for a long time. 8. He says they were friends at school. 9. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 10. They say they will write me a letter when they return home.

Упражнение 310

Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was play­ing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off.

  1. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter.

  2. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clev­er man. 6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 7. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. 8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study, studied). 11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my'work at that time. 12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 13. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.


Упражнение 311

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro sta­tion and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn't know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie un­derstood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog af­ter the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Упражнение 312

Употребите следующие предложения как прида­точные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии с правилом согласования времен.

1. You will fall and break your leg. (1 w;is al'innl)

  1. My friend has never been to Washington. (I Uinw»

  2. She never drinks milk. (I was told) I. Mi- in » \.-i \ talented singer. (We were told) 5. Th<\ hv«- n Imp py life. (We knew) 6. Tin* Htiulivn .u«- i>l тк in I Im

260 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 261


yard. (She thought) 7. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 8. Father has repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 9. She knows English very well. (I sup­posed) 10. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure) 11. He does not know German at all. (I found out) 12. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) 13. He works at his Eng­lish hard. (I knew) 14. She dances better than any­body else. (I was told) 15. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) 16. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her let­ter) 17. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) 18. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure)

Упражнение 313

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая прави­ло согласования времен.

1. Я знала, что она работает на заводе, что у нее есть муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень друж­ная и она счастлива. 2. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 3. Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым. 4. Сестра сказала, что хочет приехать к нам сама. 5. Я знала, что она очень занята. 6. Никто не знал, что вы ждете здесь. Пойдемте в дом. 7. Гид предупредил нас, что в этой части города движение довольно сильное. 8. Секретарь не заметил, что ди­ректор с кем-то разговаривает. 9. Все мы знали, что ее семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 10. Лена сказа­ла, что она дарит нам эту картину. 11. Она сказала, что ее коллеги всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 12. Он сказал, что любит эту пьесу. 13. В прошлом году они думали, что никогда не будут хорошо чи­тать по-английски, но вчера они увидели, что чита­ют тексты довольно хорошо. 14. Он сказал мне вче­ра, что его отец — профессор и живет в Москве.


Упражнение 314

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая пра­вило согласования времен.

1. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 2. Она зна­ла, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 3. Уче­ный был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 4. Я знал, что ты приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и пола­гал, что ты навестишь меня. 5. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 6. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 7. Он думал, что она не придет в школу. 8. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 9. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 10. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 11. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья прислали письмо из Лондона. 14. Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в театр. 16. Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала, что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода холодная. 18. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже дважды слушала „Травиату".

Упражнение 315

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая прави­ло согласования времен.

1. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. 2. Он говорил, что Лев Толстой ого любимый писатель. 3. Я знал, что вы жннсте м Москве, но не знал вашего адреса. 4. Он пекши. что бросит курить. 5. Все знали, что <нш п<м-д<-г п

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 263


[pic] Рим. 6. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 7. Я не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 8. Я был уверен, что он будет выдающимся артистом.

9. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету.

10. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читаль­
ном зале.
11. Я думал, что он подождет меня.
12. Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать док­
лад. 13. Он сказал нам, что когда он вошел в ком­
нату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газе­
ту. 14. Мы надеялись, что она скоро придет.
15. Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется кон­
ференция.
16. Я был уверен, что если мы поспе­
шим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 17. Он спросил меня,
что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю,
буду ли я свободен вечером, но сказал, что если буду
свободен, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.



Косвенная речь

При переводе предложений в косвенную речь не

забывайте заменять обстоятельства времени, как

указано в таблице.

Direct speech

Indirect speech

today

that day

yesterday

the day before

tomorrow

the next day

... ago

... before

this ...

that ...

these ...

those ...

here

there

last year

the year before

last month

the month before

last ...

the ... before

next...

the following ...


Indirect commands

Keep quiet! Don't make noise!

He told me to keep quiet and not to

He asked me make noise.

Упражнение 316

Передайте следующие повелительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи.

1. "Explain to me how to solve this problem," said my friend to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick, "Open your mouth and show me your tongue." 3. "Don't be afraid of my dog," said the man to Kate. 4. "Take this book and read it," said the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete, "Don't go for a walk to­day." 6. "Don't eat too much ice cream," said Nick's mother to him. 7. "Go home," said the teacher to us. 8. "Buy some meat in the shop," said my mother to me. 9. "Sit down at the table and do your home­work," said my mother to me. 10. "Don't forget to clean your teeth," said granny to Helen. 11. "Don't sit up late," said the doctor to Mary.

Упражнение 317

Передайте следующие повелительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи.

1. The teacher said to me, "Hand this note to your parents, please." 2. Oleg said to his sister, "Put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate." 3. "Please help me with this work, Henry," said Rob­ert. 4. "Please bring me some fish soup," ho said to the waitress. 5. "Don't worry over such t\ sum 11 thing," she said to me. 6. "Please don't. im-nlnni it to anybody," Mary said to her friend. 7. "I'lommr

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 265


to come and see me," said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us, "Come here tomorrow." 9. I said to Mike, "Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive." 10. Fa­ther said to me, "Don't stay there long." 11. Peter said to them, "Don't leave the room until I come back." 12. "Take my luggage to Room 145," he said to the porter. 13. He said to me, "Ring me up to­morrow." 14. "Bring me a cup of black coffee," she said to the waiter. 15. "Don't be late for dinner," said mother to us. 16. Jane said to us, "Please tell me all you know about it." 17. She said to Nick, "Please don't say anything about it to your sister."

Indirect statements

I am an engineer. I work at a plant. In the evening 1 study English.

He said he was an engineer and worked at

He told me that a plant.

He added that he studied English in the evening.

I saw my friend yesterday.

He said that he had seen his friend the day be-
He told me fore.

We lived in Rome two years ago. My father worked there.

He said that they had lived in Rome two years be-
He told me fore and explained that his father had

worked there.

1 shall tell you about it tomorrow.

He said that he would tell me about it the next
He told me day.


Упражнение 318

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

1. Oleg said, "My room is on the second floor." 2. He said, "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St, Petersburg." 3. Misha said, "I saw them at my parents' house last year." 4. He said, "I haven't seen my cousin today." 5. "I don't go to this shop very often," she said. 6. Tom said, "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry." 7. He said, "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 8. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. Ц. Mike said, "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning." 10. He said to her, "I shall do it today if I have time." 11. I said to them, "I can give you my uncle's address."

Упражнение 319

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

1. The woman said to her son, "I am glad I am here." 2. Mike said, "We have bought these books today." 3. She said to me, "Now I can read your translation." 4. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 5. "I can't explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me. 6. The teacher said to the class, "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 7. Our teacher said, "Thackeray's novels are very interesting." 8. She said, "You will read this book in the 9th form." 9. Nellie said, "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year." 10. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec. 11. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man, "My horse is wild. It can kill your lunsi-." 13. The rich man said to the judgr, "This т.нГ-, horse has killed my horse."

266 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 267


Упражнение 320

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

1. Masha said, "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 2. She said, "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 3. Boris said, "I go to the south every year." 4. He said, "I am going to a health re­sort tomorrow." 5. Ann said to us, "They haven't yet come." 6. She said to us, "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 7. I said, "I have been in London for a fortnight's holiday. My friends in Lon­don sometimes invite me to spend my leisure time with them." 8. Nick said, "I have never been to Lon­don. I think I shall go there next year." 9. He said, "I shall not stay with my friends too long." 10. He said to me, "They are staying at the Grand Hotel Europe." 11. He said, "They are leaving next Mon­day." 12. The clerk said to them, "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs."

Упражнение 321

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

1. The mother said, "The children are in the nur­sery, doctor." 2. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 3. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me. 4. My brother said to me, "I am going to become a doctor." 5. My uncle said to us, "I buy several newspapers every day." 6. The teacher said to the pupils, "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. He said to me, "I want to see you today." 8. She said, "I am free tonight". 9. Mother said to me, "I feel bad today."


10. The pupil said to the teacher, "I can do my homework after dinner." 11. The teacher said to Jack, "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 12. The old man said to the girl, "You can sing per­fectly. I think you will be a famous singer." 13. My sister said to me, "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recov­ered after your illness." 14. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 15. The student said, "I can't answer this question. I don't understand it."

Упражнение 322

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое су­ществительное или местоимение в роли подлежаще­го главного предложения.

1. I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I'll come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here today. 10. It's a pity you didn't come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I'll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today's newspaper.

268 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 269


Упражнение 323

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

1. "When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you," I said to my grand­mother. 2. "If you are in a hurry, we shall do only the first experiment," said the laboratory assistant to me. 3. "I shan't start anything new until I have finished this novel," said the writer to the corre­spondent. 4. "When I get a job, I'll buy you a warm coat," said the boy's father. 5. "If you spill the milk, there won't be any for the cat," said my mother to me. 6. "When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress," she said to me. 7. "If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening," said Jane to Henry. 8. "Don't wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball," said the PT teacher to the pu­pils. 9. "As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary," said Mary to her mother.

Упражнение 324

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло­жениях.

1. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 6. She told me she had caught cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right


side. 11. Не said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not go to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.



Indirect questions

Special questions

He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered

"What are you doing?" "Where do you live?" "Where does he work?" "What is Nick doing?" "What have you prepared

for today?" "When did you come

home yesterday?" "When will your mother

come home?"

what 1 was doing.

where 1 lived.

where he worked.

what Nick was doing.

what 1 had prepared for that day.

when 1 had come home the day before.

when my mother would come home.

General questions

He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered

"Are you watching TV?" "Do you play chess?" "Does she go to school?" "Are you listening to me?" "Have you done your homework?"

"Did you skate last win­ter?" "Will you see your friend tomorrow?"

-C

1 was watching TV.

1 played chess.

she went to school.

1 was listening to him.

1 had done my home­work.

1 had skated the winter before.

1 should see my friend the next day.

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Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 271


Упражнение 325

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в кос­венной речи.

1.1 said to Nick, "Where are you going?" 2. I said to him, "How long are you going to stay there?" 3. I said to him, "How long will it take you to get there?" 4. He said to her, "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?" 5. Ann said to Mike, "When did you leave London?" 6. She said to Boris, "When will you be back home?" 7. Boris said to them, "How can I get to the railway station?" 8. Mary asked Tom, "What time will you come here tomor­row?" 9. She asked me, "Why didn't you come here yesterday?" 10. She asked me, "What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 11. Pete said to his friends, "When are you leaving St. Petersburg?" 12. He said to them, "Who will you see before you leave here?" 13. They said to him, "What time does the train start?" 14. I asked Mike, "What will you do after dinner?" 15. I asked my uncle, "How long did you stay in the Crimea?" 16. Mother said to me, "Who has brought this par­cel?" 17. Ada said to me, "Where did you see such trees?" 18. I said to Becky, "What kind of book has your friend brought you?"

Упражнение 326

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в кос­венной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Where is he going? (He didn't tell anybody...) 2. Where has he gone? (Did you know...) 3. Where is he? (Did you know...) 4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know...) 5. Where does he live?


(Nobody knew...) 6. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know...) 8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...) 9. Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 10. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 11. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 12. How long will it take your brother to get to Ma­drid? (He wondered...)

Упражнение 327

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. I said to Boris, "Does your friend live in Lon­don?" 2. I said to the man, "Are you living in a ho­tel?" 3. Nick said to his friend, "Will you stay at the Hilton?" 4. He said to me, "Do you often go to see your friends?" 5. He said to me, "Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?" 6. Mike said to Jane, "Will you come to the railway station to see me off?" 7. She said to me, "Have you sent them a telegram?" 8. She said to me, "Did you send them a telegram yesterday?" 9. I said to Mike, "Have you packed your suit-case?" 10.1 said to Kate, "Did anybody meet you at the station?" 11. I said to her, "Can you give me their address?" 12. I asked Tom, "Have you had breakfast?" 13. I asked my sis­ter, "Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?" 14.1 said to my mother, "Did anybody come to see me?" 15. I asked my sister, "Will Nick call for you on the way to school?" 16. She said to the young man, "Can you call a taxi for me?" 17. Mary said to Peter, "Have you shown your photo to Dick?"

  1. Oleg said to me, "Will you come here tomorrow?"

  2. He said to us, "Did you go to the museum this morning?"

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Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ 273


Упражнение 328

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Have they sold the picture? (I did not know...)

  1. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered...)

  2. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me...) 4. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure...) 5. Have you found the book? (She asked me...) 6. Are there any more books here? (The man asked...) 7. Did she go shopping yesterday (I wanted to know...) 8. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her...) 9. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted...) 10. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked...)

Упражнение 329

Передайте следующие вопросительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи.

1. Kate said, "Mike, do you like my dress?" 2. Grandfather said to Mary, "What mark did you get at school?" 3. My sister said to me, "Will you take me to the theatre with you tomorrow?" 4. Moth­er asked me, "Did you play with your friends yes­terday?" 5. "Why don't you play with your friends, Kate?" said her mother. 6. "Do you like chocolates?" said my little sister to me. 7. "Did you see your gran­ny yesterday, Lena?" asked Mr. Brown. 8. The doc­tor asked Nick, "Do you wash your face and hands every morning?" 9. The teacher said to Mike, "Does your father work at a factory?" 10. Mother said to us, "What are you doing here?" 11. Father said to


Nick, "Have you done your homework?" 12. Tom said, "Ann, where are your friends?"

Упражнение 330

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло­жениях.

1. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a head­ache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.

  1. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.

  2. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now.

  3. I asked the man how long he had been in St. Petersburg. 7. I asked him if he was going to a health resort. 8. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.

Упражнение 331

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Do you like my pies, Ann?" asked her grand­mother. 2. "Sit down at the table and do your home­work," said Tom's mother to him. 3. "What did you do at school yesterday, John?" said his father. 4. "Will you play the piano today, Helen?" asked her aunt. 5. My uncle said, "We shall visit you next week." 6. "Don't cross the street under the red light," said the man to Nick. 7. "I borrowed a very good book from our library yesterday," said Mike to his father. 8. "Come to my house tomorrow, Jane," said Lena. 9. "Where are your books, Betsy?" said her mother.

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Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 275


Упражнение 332

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Lock the door when you leave the house," said my elder sister to me. 2. "Have you received a tele­gram from your wife?" she asked Robert. 3. Mabel said, "Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight." 4. "Pease don't smoke in the room," said the old woman to her nephew. 5. "I am shivering with cold," said the girl. 6. "I want to sit in the armchair," said the boy. 7. The secretary said to me, "The delegation arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 8. "Open the window, please," she said to me. 9. He said, "I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast." 10. "Don't run to the door when you hear the bell," said the woman to her little daughter. 11. She asked me, "How long are you going to stay here?" 12. Mary asked me, "Will you spend your vacation in Moscow?"

Упражнение 333

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Father said to Jane, "Show me your exercise book." 2. "What are you doing here, boys?" said Kate. 3. "Don't make noise," said Tom's mother to him. 4. Helen said to Pete, "Did you play chess with your father yesterday?" 5. Kate said to her grandmother, "Help me (to) cook the soup, please." 6. Mike said to the teacher, "My sister knows two foreign languages." 7. Tom said to his sister, "I saw your friend at the library yesterday." 8. "What have you prepared for today, children?" said the teacher. 9. The teacher said to the pupils, "Don't open your


books." 10. Mother said to me, "You will go to the cinema tomorrow."

Упражнение 334

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Tom, go to bed," said his mother. 2. "I have never seen your toys," said Nellie to Pete. 3. "Give me your record book, Nick," said the teacher. 4. Ann said to Lena, "Look at my nice kitten." 5. "We shall go to the zoo tomorrow," said our grandmother. 6. Mother said to Pete, "Don't forget to wash your hands." 7. Nick said to his mother, "I am doing my homework." 8. "I have learnt a long poem," said Mike to the teacher. 9. "Don't play in the street," said the man to the boys. 10. "Why don't you drink your tea?" said my mother to me. 11. "I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday," said Johnny to his mother. 12. "When did you receive this letter?" my friend said to me. 13. "Will you play football with us?" said the boys to Peter.

Упражнение 335

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "I shall buy some new stamps for you if you give me this one," said Mike to Kate. 2. "Will you bring your sister to the party with you, Boris?" asked Mary. 3. "Please don't touch me," he said to me. 4. My father said, "I think I shall not go to the beach with you today because I am very busy." 5. "I am very thirsty. Please give me some lemonade, Ann," said Tom. 6. "Don't lie to me, Tom," said Aunt Pol-

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Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ 277


ly. "I am tired of your lies." 7. "Are you fond of going to the theatre?" asked my friend. "Have you seen any plays by Shakespeare?" 8. Nellie asked me, "Did you see 'Hamlet' last night?" 9. I asked Nel­lie, "Shall we go to the theatre together?" 10. "Does Mike like Shakespeare?" asked Nellie. "Will he go to the theatre with us?"

Упражнение 336

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Why are you shouting, man?" said Prince John to Locksley. "What is your name?" 2. "Who has read "Ivanhoe"?" asked the teacher. "Whom was it written by?" 3. One of the pupils asked the teacher of literature, "What novels shall we read next year?" 4. "Is the river Volga in Russia?" asked the French­man. 5. "Are you playing volleyball, girls?" said Ann. "I did not know that you liked it." 6. "Don't touch these photographs," said Peter to us. "They are still wet, and you may spoil them." 7. "Does your friend often come here, boys?" said Fred. "I want to speak to him." 8. "How did you manage to solve this difficult problem in such a short time?" said my friend to me. 9. The teacher said to us, "You will write a paper tomorrow." 10. "I saw a new film yes­terday," said Kate to Nick. "Did you like it?" asked Nick.

Упражнение 337

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Do you know where the Browns live?" we asked a passerby. 2. "There are a lot of trains to my station on Sunday," said Andrew to us. "You will


have no problems getting to my country place." 3. "Do you often meet my sister at the library?" he asked me. 4. "Will the teacher return our exercise books today?" asked Nick. 5. "My nephew is a very capable young man," said the woman. "He has just graduated from college, but he is already a very skilful specialist." 6. "Sit still and don't move your head," said the doctor to me. 7. "I want to know how your cousin likes working at this hospital," said Vera to Helen. 8. "Don't forget to bring your exercise books tomorrow," said the teacher to us. "You are going to write a very important paper." 9. "How can I get to the circus?" asked the girl. "Take tram number five," said the man. 10. "I am very sorry, Kate," said Mike, "I have forgotten to bring your dictionary." 11. "When does your mother go shop­ping?" asked the neighbour.

Упражнение 338

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. She said, "I am busy today and I shall be bus­ier tomorrow." 2. Jane said, "I shall come to school early tomorrow." 3. They said, "We shall not go to school on Sunday." 4. Mr. Dickson said, "I shall have to pay a lot of money for the car." 5. Peter said to me, "I'll be waiting for you at the station." 6. Mary said, "I'll be back soon." 7. She said to me, "What are you going to do when you come home?" 8. She said, "I hope I'll soon speak English well." 9. He said, "I am sure it will rain tomorrow." 10. They said, "We shall go to the river tomorrow if it is hot."

  1. He said, "I am sure she will come in time."

  2. She said, "I shall be able to read English news­papers without a dictionary next year."

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Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 279


Упражнение 339

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The teacher said to us, "You will have to work hard tomorrow." 2. My girlfriend said to me, "I shall not be able to go for a walk with you today, because I am very busy." 3. She said to me, "How long are you going to stay in the country?" 4. He said to me, "I like to go to the canteen during the break." 5. He asked me, "When will you go to the canteen?"

  1. John said, "I met them at the airport yesterday."

  2. He said, "I shall come to the party if I am free tomorrow." 8. She said, "I shall go to the cinema in the evening if I am not very tired." 9. My mother said to me, "It will be difficult for you to get up to­morrow if you don't go to bed at once." 10. Nina said, "I like music and I listen to it every evening before going to bed." 11. My aunt said, "I shall not be thirsty if I eat some grapes." 12. Mother said to us, "Don't go out before I return." 13. My sister said, "I shall be neither hungry nor thirsty if I have a cup of tea with a sandwich." 14. Mary said, "Don't switch the TV, Fred, I am working."

Упражнение 340

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "I shall gladly go to the cinema with you be­cause I haven't seen this film and I want to see it very much," said my aunt. 2. "Which of you can answer my question?" the teacher asked the pupils.

  1. "Do you think that simple food is better for chil­dren than rich food?" she asked the doctor.

  2. "Why did our team lose the game?" said Vera. "It


has always been very strong." 5. "Where have you put my book, Mary?" said Tom. "I cannot find it." 6. "I am very happy," said Fred. "I have bought a very good bicycle." 7. "Whom are you waiting for, boys?" asked the man. 8. "I shall not go to the party tomorrow because I don't feel well," said Mary. 9. "We saw a lot of places of interest when we were travelling around Europe last summer," said Wal­ter. 10. "I suppose we shall go to the theatre tomor­row," said Jane. 11. "Please don't take the books from my table," said Lena to me. "I have specially prepared them for working on my report." 12. "Don't be afraid, Nick," said his grandfather. "This dog is very clever and it won't do you any harm."

Упражнение 341

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to me, "Come at nine o'clock, I shall be free at that time and we shall have a nice cup of cof­fee." 2. Nina asked her friend, "What did the pro­fessor speak about in his lecture?" 3. Ann said, "He is one of the best speakers I have ever heard." 4. He said, "I haven't yet seen the film you are talking about." 5. He said, "I seldom went to see my friend in May as I was very busy." 6. She asked her brother, "Will you manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday?" 7. My friend said, "We arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day we went to look round the city." 8. She said to me, "Did you live in St. Petersburg ten years ago?" 9. She said to me, "Are you going to leave St. Petersburg for the sum­mer?" 10. My friend said to me, "The discussion will still be going on when you return." 11. He said, "I am proud of my brother who took the first prize at

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Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 281


the competition." 12. She asked me, "How long have you been living in St. Petersburg?" 13. She said, "He has just left." 14. He asked me, "When will your parents arrive in St. Petersburg?" 15. She said to me, "Were you present at the meeting yes­terday?"

Упражнение 342

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло-ОтСан UiH-jc.

1. Mary wondered if Jane would be busy the next day. 2. John asked Mary if she was afraid of thun­derstorm. 3. He asked her if she had ever walked in rainy weather. 4. Mary told John that she pre­ferred sunny days. 5. The woman asked her son if he was in a hurry. 6. Ann asked if they would go to the country the next day. 7. Kate asked her friend what she liked to do on her days off. 8. I asked the secretary if I might speak to the headmistress. 9. Nick wanted to know if Helen would give him her book. 10. Tom asked if Jane would go to the Philharmonic with him. Jane asked at what time he was planning to go. Tom said that it would take them long to get there. Jane asked where they would meet.

Упражнение 343

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло­жениях.

1. When I came home, my mother told me that a friend of mine had called on me half an hour be­fore. 2. He said that he studied at Moscow Universi­ty. 3. She said that her brother was playing chess


with her grandfather. 4. George said it was very difficult to play that role. 5. He asked why there were so few people in the street. 6. The man asked the boy if he knew where he lived. 7. The woman told him not to worry and go home quietly. 8. She said that she would sleep in the open air. 9. She wondered if I was going to leave St. Petersburg the next day. 10. He told me that he had bought that watch the day before. 11. Ann said that she had just had a telephone call from home. 12. My neigh­bour asked me to leave the key at my sister's. 13. He said he could not understand the rule. 14. He told me he had bought a ticket the day before.

Упражнение 344

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло-

1. Annie said that she had seen the film several months before. 2. Lydia said she had not seen it yet.

  1. Boris told me that he wanted to build a radio set.

  2. He told me that he had built a radio set. 5. Jack said that he often went to see Bob. 6. She said she had seen Mary that day. 7. Mike said he liked Dick­ens' novels very much. 8. He told me he had read "Dombey and Son" the year before. 9. The teacher said that the pupils would read the text the next day. 10. She asked me to buy some bread on my way home. 11. Mother told me not to be late for dinner.


  1. I asked Mike if he had "Gulliver's Travels".

  2. Mike asked me if I had read "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe. 14. I asked John if he would be at home at three o'clock. 15. The teacher asked who was ill. 16. Nick asked Pete what he had seen at the museum. 17. The teacher asked who was absent.

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Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 283


Упражнение 345

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло-

1. I asked my aunt if she was going to her home­town for the holidays. 2. He told me that he hadn't been able to ring me up in time. 3. He asked his class­mates to wait for him. 4. He asked her if anyone else knew about his arrival. 5. I asked him when he would take his last examination. 6. He asked me if I had taken part in the football match. 7. She asked me where I lived. 8. He said that he had joined a sports society. 9. He told me that he had seen my brother the day before. 10. She asked me to hurry up as there was little time left before the beginning of the meet­ing. 11. She asked her friend if the rain had stopped. 12. He answered that it was still raining. 13. My sister told me that she had found the book I was look­ing for. 14. He said that he didn't like the main char­acter of the book but he could not explain why. 15. He asked his brother what he would do if he did not find the book he needed.

Упражнение 346

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло жениях.

1. The man told us to have our passports ready. 2. He told us to pass up the gangway. 3. He said we would find our luggage on deck. 4.1 asked my friend if he would go down to his cabin or stay up on deck. 5. He said he was a bad sailor and could not stay on deck. 6. We told the porter to take our luggage to cabin number eight. 7. I asked my friend if he of­ten went to England. 8. He said he did not cross the


English Channel very often for it was rough as a rule. 9. My friend asked me if I knew when the boat was due1 at Southampton. 10. I asked my friend if he thought it would take us long to get through the customs.

Упражнение 347

Ответьте на следующие вопросы, употребляя косвенную речь.

E.g. "I like novels written by Dickens," said Nina to her friend Vera. "I have read many of them." What did Nina say to Vera? Nina told Vera that she liked novels written by Dickens and that she had read many of them.

1. "My favourite books are 'Gulliver's Travels'
and 'Robinson Crusoe'," answered Vera. "And now
I am reading a novel by Walter Scott."

What did Vera answer Nina?

2. "Last year we learnt some poems by Byron and
Shelley, they are so beautiful," said Nina.

What did Nina say?

3. "I know many poems by these great poets.
I have read some books about Byron and Shelley7
too," said Vera.

What did Vera tell Nina?

4. "This year we shall read a play by Shakespeare
in English," said Nina.

What did Nina say?

1 when the boat was due — когда корабль прибывает

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Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 285


  1. Упражнение 348

    Переведите на английский язык. Сравните кон­струкцию повествовательных и повелительных предложений в прямой и косвенной речи.


    Мой друг сказал: „Все ученики нашего клас­са любят уроки истории".
  2. Я сказал ему: „Мы любим уроки англий­ского языка".

  3. Учительница сказала: „Скоро вы будете хо­рошо говорить по-ан­глийски, так как вы много работаете".

  4. Учитель сказал: „Я уже проверил вашу контрольную работу".

  5. Катя сказала: „Папа в комнате. Он читает."


  1. Мама сказала: „Не шумите! Дедушка спит".

  2. Аня сказала: „Мы на­шли в лесу много гри­бов".



  1. Мой друг сказал, что все ученики их клас­са любят уроки исто­рии.

  2. Я сказал ему, что мы любим уроки англий­ского языка.

  3. Учительница сказа­ла, что скоро мы бу­дем хорошо говорить по- английски, так как мы много работаем.

  4. Учитель сказал, что он уже проверил на­шу контрольную работу.

  5. Катя сказала, что па­па в комнате и что он читает.

  6. Мама сказала нам, чтобы мы не шумели, так как дедушка спит.

  7. Аня сказала, что они нашли в лесу много грибов.


Упражнение 349

Переведите на английский язык. Сравните кон­струкцию вопросительных предложений в прямой и косвенной речи.

1. Вчера наш учитель 1. Вчера наш учитель
спросил нас: „Много
спросил нас, много ли

ли вы читаете?" мы читаем.

2. Когда он увидел у
меня в руках „Дэвида
Копперфильда", он
спросил, где я взял
эту книгу.

3. Потом он спросил,
знаю ли я что-нибудь
об авторе этой книги.

  1. Когда он увидел у ме­ня в руках „Дэвида Копперфильда", он спросил: „Где вы взя­ли эту книгу?"

  2. Потом он спросил: „Знаете ли вы что-ни­будь об авторе этой книги?"

4. Миша спросил меня: 4. Миша спросил меня,
„Когда ты пойдешь
когда я пойду поку-

пать книги.

покупать книги?"

Упражнение 350

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Did you run a race yesterday?" said Peter. "Yes, we did," said Ann. "Tamara was the first to come to the finish." 2. "Where is my bag, mother?" asked Tom. "I have put it on the chair near the door," said his mother. "Don't forget to put your record book into it." 3. "Why can't we play here, mother?" asked the children. "Father is sleeping," said their mother. "He has worked very much today.

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Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ 287


Keep quiet." 4. "Why do you help her?" said Alec to us. "She is lazy. She can do everything herself." 5. "I don't want to go to the zoo. I was there last week with my cousin and saw all the animals," said Lena. 6. "Look at my stamps, father," said Nick. "When will you buy some new ones for me?" 7. "I can't do this exercise: it is too difficult," said Tanya. "Why didn't you ask your teacher to explain it?" said her brother. 8. "Can you see the lights over there in the distance?" said the lighthouse keeper. "Yes, I can," said his assistant. "A ship is giving signals."

Обратите внимание на передачу следующих конструкций в косвенной речи:

"Let's play chess," said Nick.

Nick suggested playing chess. "All right," said Pete. Pete agreed. "Oh no," said Mike. Mike refused.

Упражнение 351

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Let's play badminton," said Nina. "All right," said Mike. "I like to play badminton very much." 2. "Let's run a race," said Bill. "No," said Jack. "I hurt my foot three days ago and now I cannot run." 3. "Will you show me your new flat?" said Tom. "Of course," said Becky. "Come to our place tomorrow." 4. "I shall go to see my friend tomor­row," said Kate. "Will you come with me?" "Yes, I shall," said Pete. "I want to see your friend." 5. "Does your friend always come to school so early?" said Victor. "No," said Mary. "She came so early this


morning because she is on duty today."6. "There is a new film on at our cinema," said Lena. "Let's go and see it." "No, I can't," said Mike. "I shall be busy." 7. "What shall we do with Nick?" said Ann. "He has got a bad mark again." "Let's help him with his Russian," said Pete. "I am sure we can do it."

Упражнение 352

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said, "We have forgotten to take the ball!"

2. She said, "I shall be very glad to see you."

3. "Let's go to the Philharmonic. There is a good con­
cert there tonight," said Walter. "Oh, very good,"
said Robert. "I haven't been to the Philharmonic
for a long time." 4. Alec asked me, "Have you ever
been to the National Gallery?" "Yes, I have," said I.
"I visited it last year when we were staying in Lon­
don." 5. He said, "Who is this man? I don't know
him." 6. I thought, "He is a very clever man: he can
help me." 7. My brother said, "In two hours I shall
have finished my work and then I shall go to the
cinema." Then he said to me, "Let's go together."
"All right," I said. 8. The teacher said, "Open your
books and begin reading the new text." 9. The girl
asked, "What is the price of this dress?" 10. "Please
help me with this problem, I cannot solve it," I said
to my father. "All right," said my father, "let's try
to solve it together." 11. "Let's go to Finland for the
winter holidays," said Kate. "No," said Andrew, "we
have already been to Finland. Let's go to Greece. It
will be very interesting to see the country we have
read about so much." "All right," said Kate, "let's
go." 12. Nellie said, "Yesterday I went to see Paul,
but he was not at home." "Let's go to see him to­
day," said Nick. "I think he will be at home." "No,"
said Nellie, "I can't go today, I am very busy."

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Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ 289


Упражнение 353

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "That's enough," said Tom's mother, "he will never go there again. I shall see to it." 2. "Who will read the next story?" asked grandmother. "It is very interesting, and I am sure you all will like it." 3. "Will you come and see me on Friday?" Lena asked her friend. "All right," said her friend, "I think I shall be free on Friday." 4. "Will you need the book for a long time?" he asked me. "I can give it to you only for a few days." 5. "Soon I shall know the whole poem perfectly," said Mary. "I have already learnt more than half of it." 6. "Will you be able to find their house without me?" said John to me. "You have never been to those parts." 7. "Please, please don't ask me any more questions," she said to me, "I am very tired. I shall answer all your questions tomor­row." 8. "I shall finish reading the book by Monday, and then you can have it," he said to me. 9. "I haven't seen him since last year," said Lena, "and I think he has grown. Let's go and see him tomorrow." "All right," said I. "It will be interesting to see him and talk to him." 10. "Do you think it is really correct?" I asked my friend. "I am afraid you have made a mistake in one or two words."

Упражнение 354

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло­жениях.

1. Не told me not to call on him the next day as he would not be at home. 2. The officer ordered the soldiers to wait for him. 3. He said that he had lived in St. Petersburg for many years and knew the city very well. 4. I told my brother that I was sorry he


hadn't kept his promise. 5. John told his friend that he had just come from the United States and in­tended to stay in St. Petersburg for about a month. 6. Our monitor said that he was not satisfied with his report and was going to work on it for some more time. He said that he was to make it on the twelfth of February and so he had a few days left. 7. He said that he was quite all right. The climate hadn't done him any harm. 8. A man came up and asked me where he could buy a video cassette. 9. I asked my brother who had rung him up in the morning.

Упражнение 355

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The shop assistant said, "The shoe department is downstairs." 2. The professor said to his assis­tant, "You have made great progress." 3. The teacher said to us, "You must read this text at home." 4. Paul said, "We shall have to discuss this text tomorrow." 5. She asked me, "Do you know who has taken my book?" 6. We asked him, "What has happened to you? You look so pale!" 7. She said to me, "I hope you haven't forgotten to post the letter." 8. She asked inc. "Where have you put my gloves? I cannot find Ними."

9. They said to me, "Try this coat on befon> buying
it. Maybe you won't like it when you have put it

10. Last night I was called to the trlepl c

An unfamiliar voice said, "Is that Dmitri spruit иц;? My name is Pavlov. I have conic I'mm Mumihw i<>

day. I have brought some books I'm y»" • \

friends. I am staying at the (inniil ll<«l<ч•• When and where can I see v<>'i?" "I.< Ги im-i-i ni Ни Pushkin monument in Arln .Scputie nl live ><'. !■» U il it is convenient for you," I mhuI "All iiphi," In- мм swered, "I shall he tln-i«- "

10 Ю. Голицмискии

290 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 291


Упражнение 356

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Have you got a Russian-English dictionary?" he asked me. "Can you let me have it for this evening? I must do some very difficult translation." "All right," said I. "I won't need it tonight." 2. "I thought about you last night, Lydia," said Nellie. "Have you decided to go to Omsk with your parents or will you remain here with your aunt until you finish school?" 3. "Have you done your homework or did you leave it till the evening, Bob?" asked Mike. "I thought of inviting you to go to the theatre with me, but I remembered that you nearly always do your home­work in the evening." 4. "I am fond of Dickens," said Jack. "I have been reading 'The Old Curiosity Shop' the whole week. I like the novel very much. I am read­ing it for the second time." 5. "I think my friend has finished reading 'Jane Eyre', said Tanya. "I hope she will give it to me soon: I am eager to read it."

Упражнение 357

Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.

Mother: Nick! Do you hear the alarm clock? Wake

up! Nick: Oh, I am so sleepy! Mother: Well, that's what you always say. Now, get

out of bed quickly. Nick: Oh!

Mother: Be quick, or you will be late for school. Nick: No fear. I have a lot of time. Mother: You forget that you have to brush your

teeth and to wash your hands and face. Nick: Mummy, I remember everything.


Упражнение 358

Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.

Jane: May I come in?

Kate: Is that you, Jane? Come in! It is very good of you to come and see me.

Jane: I came before, but you were too ill to see any­body. Did you get the flowers?

Kate: Surely, I did. It was very nice of you to send them to me.

Jane: How are you now?

Kate: Oh, I am much better, thank you. The doc­tor says that I shall be allowed to go out in a few days.

Jane: Do you miss school?

Kate: Very much. I am afraid I'll be lagging behind the group in my lessons now.

Jane: Don't think about it. We shall help you.

Kate: Thank you very much.

Упражнение 359

Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.

Peter: Are you coming my way?

John: Yes, I am. How are you getting along?

Peter: Jolly well. How did you find the last test in geometry?

John: Rather difficult. I am not very good at solv­ing problems.

Peter: Why didn't you ask me to help yon? I would gladly have done it.

John: Oh, thanks a lot. I shall. Have you f>«>t, и lot of homework for tomorrow?

Peter: Yes. You know the timetable, Kr'nlny '* "I ways a bad day. We have six lessons loinor

292 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 293


row, and all the subjects are difficult. Be­sides, there will be questions from my little sister. She is not very good at sums.

John: All right, then. I'll come to your place tomor­row evening, if you don't mind.

Peter: Let's make it tomorrow. I'll be waiting for you.

Упражнение 360

Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.

Susan: Good morning, doctor.

Doctor: Good morning, Susan. What's the matter

with you? Susan: I feel bad. I have a headache, and I am

afraid I am running a temperature. Doctor: Open your mouth and show me your throat.

You have a bad cold, Susan. You must stay

in bed for two days until your temperature

is normal and you stop coughing. Susan: How I hate being ill and staying in bed! Doctor: But if you are not careful, you may fall ill

with the flu or pneumonia. I'll prescribe

some medicine. Susan: Thank you, doctor. Goodbye.

Упражнение 361

Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.

Michael: I say, Bill, can you show me around a bit? I only came here two days ago and I haven't been anywhere as yet.

Bill: Of course, I shall do it with pleasure. Let's

go at once. And let's invite Alice to come with us. She knows a lot about the places of interest here.


Michael: That's a good idea.

Bill: Alice, can you come with us? We are go-

ing for a walk, and I want to show Michael some places of interest.

Alice: No, I can't go with you, boys. I am sorry. Mother told me to buy some bread, and I forgot about it. I shall have to do it now. Go without me. I shall go with you some other time.

Bill: It's a pity. All right, Michael, let's go.

Упражнение 362

Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.



Waiter:

What will you order?

Man:

Give me the menu, please.

Waiter:

Here you are.

Man:

Chicken soup for the first course...

Waiter:

For the second course I recommend you to


take fried fish. It is very good.

Man:

All right, bring me fried fish.

Waiter:

Any vegetables?

Man:

Yes, bring me some potatoes, and then


cheese, coffee and fruit.

Waiter:

Yes, sir.

Инфинитив


295


ИНФИНИТИВ


heard the girl... cry out with joy. 17. I would rather ... stay at home today. 18. He did not want ... play in the yard any more. 19. Would you like ... go to England? 20. You look tired. You had better ... go home. 21. I wanted ... speak to Nick, but could not ... find his telephone number. 22. It is time ... get up. 23. Let me ... help you with your homework.

  1. I was planning ... do a lot of things yesterday.

  2. I'd like ... speak to you. 26. I think I shall be able ... solve this problem. 27. What makes you ... think you are right?


Запомните случаи, в которых инфинитив употреб­ляется без частицы "to":

  • после модальных глаголов;

  • после глаголов to let и to make;

  • в сложном дополнении после глаголов восприя­тия: (to see, to hear, to feel, etc.);

  • после выражений: I would rather...

You had better...

Упражнение 363

Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо.

1. I like ... dance. 2. I'd like ... dance. 3. I shall do all I can ... help you. 4. She made me ... repeat my words several times. 5. I saw him ... enter the room. 6. She did not let her mother ... go away. 7. Do you like ... listen to good music? 8. Would you like ... listen to good music? 9. That funny scene made me ... laugh. 10. I like ... play the guitar. 11. My brother can ... speak French. 12. We had ... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 13. They wanted ... cross the river. 14. It is high time for you ... go to bed. 15. May I ... use your telephone? 16. They


Упражнение 364

Замените выделенные части предложении иифи нитивными оборотами.

E.g. The boy had many toys which he could play with The boy had many toys to piny to

1. Here is something which will warm you up. 2. Mere is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. 3. Here are some more facts which will prove thai your theory is correct. 4. Here is some­thing which you can rub on your hands. It will soft­en them. 5. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 6. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache. 7. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomor­row. 8. Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I could write with. 9. I have bronchi y«m a book which you can read now, bnl be sine ami ■<• turn it by Saturday. 10. Soon we found UkiI Нин-was another complicated problem Mini we \\<-i<- t<> consider. 11. The girl was ipnl.e yi.ime и In u I...1I1 her parents died and she icnmiinil [link] uiili !«•> younger brothers whom she IiihI ti> lulu- «им- <•!

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Инфинитив


297


12. I have no books which I can read. 13. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 14. Don't forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 15. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 16. There was nothing that he could do except go home. 17. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 18. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can't go to the theatre with you. 19. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.

Упражнение 365

Замените придаточные предложения инфинитив­ными оборотами.

E.g. He is so old that he cannot skate. He is too old to skate.

1. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve it. 2. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 3. The baby is so little that it cannot walk.

  1. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight.

  2. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you.

6. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the
mistake. 7. The rule was so difficult that they did
not understand it. 8. He was so stupid that he did
not see the joke. 9. She has got so fat that she
cannot wear this dress now. 10. The accident was
so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 11. They
were so empty-headed that they could not learn a
single thing. 12. The window was so dirty that they
could not see through it. 13. She was so foolish that
she could not understand my explanation. 14.1 have
very little wool: it won't make a sweater.


Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом:

to cut a long story short короче говоря

to tell (you) the truth сказать (вам) по правде

to say nothing of не говоря уже о

to put it mildly мягко выражаясь

to say the least of it no меньшей мере

to begin with начнем с того что

Запомните следующие предложения:

The book leaves much to be desired. Книга оставляет желать лучшего.

Не is difficult to deal with. С ним трудно иметь дело.

Не is hard to please. Ему трудно угодить.

She is pleasant to look at. На нее приятно смот­реть.

Упражнение 366

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. Для начала она открыла все окна. 2. С моим соседом трудно иметь дело. 3. По правде говоря, я очень устал. 4. Его поведение оставляет желать лучшего. 5. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 6. На этих детей приятно посмотреть. 7. Короче говоря, они поженились. 8. Самая известная книга Джерома — „Трое в лодке, не считая собаки". 9. Вам трудно угодить. 10. По меньшей мере, мы были удивлены. 11. Мягко выражаясь, она была невежлива. 12. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего. 13. Сказать по правде, я не люблю бокс. 14. Вашей сестре трудно угодить. 15. Начнем с того, что я занят. 16. На него было приятно

298 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Инфинитив 299


смотреть. 17. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен. 18. Мы все были рады, не говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что это самый счастливый день в ее жиз­ни. 19. Твое сочинение оставляет желать лучшего. 20. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере.



Обратите внимание на

отсутствие союза чтобы

пород инфинитивом в роли обстоятельства цели:

То get this book, you

Чтобы получить эту книгу,

innsl (jo to Iho library.

вы должны пойти в библио-


теку.

Запомнит следующие предложения:

1 have nothing to read.

Мне нечего читать.

She has nobody to

Ей не с кем поговорить.

speak to.


What is to be done?

Что делать?

Who is to blame?

Кто виноват?

1 am not to blame.

Я не виноват.

To hoo is to believe.

Видеть значит верить.

Ho wild tho first (last)

Он пришел первым

to come.

(последним).

It is out of the question

Не может быть и речи

to go there.

о том, чтобы идти туда.

Упражнение 367

Переведите на английский, язык, употребляя устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. Сказать по правде, мне это не нравится. 2. Им было нечего есть. 3. Кто виноват? 4. Короче гово­ря, он не сделал урок. 5. В нашей семье мама всег­да встает первая. 6. На нее приятно смотреть. 7. Чтобы перевести эту статью, вы должны вос-1мим.конаться словарем. 8. Мне некуда ехать летом.


9. О том, чтобы купаться в этой реке, не могло быть и речи. 10. Ему было не с кем обсудить эту проблему. 11. Вчера Катя пришла в школу последней. 12. Чтобы получить хорошую оцен­ку, вы должны упорно поработать. 13. С ней трудно иметь дело. 14. Что делать? 15. Начнем с того, что он болен. 16. Чтобы читать Диккенса в оригинале, вы должны хорошо знать язык. 17. Мягко выражаясь, он не прав. 18. Она была не виновата. 19. Ребенку не с кем играть. 20. Ви­деть значит верить. 21. Чтобы успеть на этот по­езд, вы должны поторопиться. 22. Не может быть и речи о покупке машины в этом году. 23. Книга оставляет желать лучшего.

Сравните употребление

Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive

to write to be written

I am glad to help you. Рад помочь. (Рад, что я помогаю).

I am glad to be helped. Рад, что мне помогают.

Упражнение 368

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.

1. То play chess was his greatest pleasure. 2. The child did not like to be washed. 3. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 6. To improve your pronunciation you should record yourself and analyse your speech. 7. This is the book to be read during the summer

300 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Инфинитив


301


[pic] holidays. 8. То be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage. 9. He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to be reminded of his duties.

Сравните употребление

Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive

to write to have written

I am glad to see you. Рад видеть вас. (Рад, что вижу вас.)

I am glad to have seen you. Рад, что повидал вас.



Формы инфинитива


Active

Passive

Indefinite (Simple)

to write

to be written

Continuous

to be writing


Perfect

to have written

to have been written

Perfect Continuous

to have been writing



Упражнение 369

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Infinitive.

1. The child was happy to have been brought home. 2. Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr. Rochester. 3. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus. 4. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 5. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits. 6. I am awfully glad to have met you. 7. Sorry to have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 8. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 9. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 10. Clyde was awfully glad to have renewed his acquaintance with Sondra. 11. Sorry not to have noticed you. 12. I am sorry to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 13. When Clyde looked at the girl closely, he remembered to have seen her in Sondra's company. 14. I remembered to have been moved1 by the scene I witnessed.

1 moved зд. растроган





Что значат эти формы? Рассмотрите предложения, иллюстрирующие значение разных форм инфинитива

Чему я рад?

.2

О

Indefinite (Simple)

1 am glad to speak to you.

Рад поговорить с ва­ми. (Всегда радуюсь, когда говорю с вами.)

Continu­ous

1 am glad to be speaking to you.

Рад, что сейчас раз­говариваю с вами.

Perfect

1 am glad to have spoken to you.

Рад, что поговорил с вами.

Perfect Continu­ous

1 am glad to have been speaking to you.

Рад, что уже давно (все это время) раз­говариваю с вами.

со со

Indefinite (Simple)

1 am (always) glad to be told the news.

Всегда рад, когда мне рассказывают новости.

Perfect

1 am glad to have been told the news.

Рад, что мне рассказали новости.

302 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Инфинитив


303


Упражнение 370

Замените выделенные части предложений инфи­нитивными оборотами.

E.g. He is sorry that he has said it. He is sorry to have said it.

1. It is certain that it will rain if you don't take your umbrella. 2. Don't promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can. 3. He was happy that he was praised by everybody. 4. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother. 5. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert. 6. I am glad that I see all my friends here.

  1. I was afraid of going past that place alone.

  2. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress as lovely as that. 9. We must wait till we hear the exam results. 10. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in. 11. I should be delighted if I could join you. 12. He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow.

Упражнение 371

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му инфинитива.

1. Не seems (to read) a lot. 2. Не seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) you to the concert. 6. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 7. She hoped (to help) her friends. 8. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to be) back in two days. 11. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morn-


ing. 13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yester­day. 14. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 15. I am sorry (to break) your pen.

Упражнение 372

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му инфинитива.

1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for troub­le. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morn­ing: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear an­gry voices from behind the door. 12. They are sup­posed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 13. The only sound (to hear) was the snor­ing of grandfather in the bedroom. 14. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it dur­ing the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) be­tween the sofa and the wall. 15. They seemed (to wait) for ages.

304 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 373

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Я хочу познакомить вас с этой артисткой. 4. Я хочу, что­бы меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 5. Я рад, что встретил ее на станции. 6. Я рад, что меня встретили на станции. 7. Мы очень счастливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 8. Мы очень счаст­ливы, что нас пригласили на вечер. 9. Он будет счастлив посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 10. Он был счастлив, что посетил эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 11. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки. 12. Я не предпо­лагал останавливаться на этой станции. 13. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 14. Я сожалею, что причинил вам столько беспокойства. 15. Он не выносит1, когда ему лгут. 16. Я вспомнил, что уже встречал это слово в какой-то книге. 17. Мне очень жаль, что я пропустил эту интересную лек­цию. 18. Она счастлива, что слышала концерт известного итальян-ского дирижера. 19. Она рада, что присутствовала на лекции. 20. Он очень доволен, что закончил свою книгу. 21. Наши спортсмены гордятся тем, что выиграли кубок. 22. Я только хочу, чтобы мне позволили помочь вам. 23. Я был благодарен, что мне дали комна­ту с большим окном. 24. Он был счастлив, что вернулся домой. 25. Он был счастлив, что снова дома. 26. Я сожалею, что прервал вас. 27. Я со­жалею, что не застала вас дома. 28. Джейн была счастлива, что уезжает от миссис Рид. 29. Рочес-тер был рад познакомиться с Джейн. 30. Рочес-тер был рад, что познакомился с Джейн.

1 не выносит — hates


ПРИЧАСТИЕ

She watched the children writing the dictation. Writing the dictation, he made only one mistake. The dictation written the day before was corrected.

Упражнение 374

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.

1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the perform­ance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the win­dow, he saw his mother watering the flowers.

  1. Hearing the sounds of music, we stopped talking.

  2. She went into the room, leaving the door open.

  3. Working at his desk, he listened to a new CD.

10. Running into the road, the young man stopped
a taxi. 11. Looking through the newspaper, she no­
ticed a photograph of her boss. 12. Using chemi­
cals, the firemen soon put out the fire in the forest.

306 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Причастие


307


Упражнение 375

Замените придаточные определительные пред­ложения причастными оборотами.

1. All the people who live in this house are stu­dents. 2. The woman who is speaking now is our sec­retary. 3. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 4. The young man who helps the professor in his experi­ments studies at our university. 5. People who bor­row books from the library must return them in time. 6. There are many pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extracurricular activities.

Упражнение 376

Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами.

1. As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice. 2. Since he knew who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talk­ing to him. 3. As he thought that it was his brother at the window, Steve decided to open it. 4. As the people were afraid of falling into a ditch in the darkness at any moment, they felt their way about very carefully. 5. Since he needed a shelter for the night, Peter decided to go to the neighbours' house.

Упражнение 377

Замените придаточные предложения времени причастными оборотами (не опускайте союз when).

1. You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language. 2. When you


speak English, pay attention to the order of words. 3. When you are copying English texts, pay atten­tion to the articles. 4. When you begin to work with the dictionary, don't forget my instructions. 5. Be careful when you are crossing a street. 6. When you are leaving the room, don't forget to switch off the light. 7. When they were travelling in Cen­tral Africa, the explorers met many wild animals.

Past Participle = Participle II

III форма глагола

broken сломанный, разбитый written написанный eaten съеденный

Упражнение 378

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Past Participle.

1. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me.

  1. The coat bought last year is too small for me now.

  2. Nobody saw the things kept in that box. 4. My sister likes boiled eggs. 5. We stopped before a shut door. 6. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away. 7. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 8. This is a church built many years ago. 9. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England.

[pic] 308 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Сравните употребление Participle I (ing-форма) и Participle II (III форма глагола)

taking берущий, беря taken взятый

doing делающий, делая done сделанный

Упражнение 379

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II.

1. a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will

be in Moscow tomorrow.

  1. He saw some people in the post office send­ing telegrams.

  2. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.

2. a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer

yesterday were very important.

  1. The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian.

  2. While putting the eggs into the basket, she broke one of them.

3. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.

  1. A person taking a sunbath must be very care­ful.

  2. Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.

4. a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.

  1. A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it.

  2. Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried, "Fire! Fire!"

5. a) The word said by the student was not correct,
b) The man standing at the door of the train

carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician.


Причастие 309

с) Standing at the window, she was waving her hand. 6. a) A word spoken in time may have very im­portant results.

  1. The students speaking good English must help their classmates.

  2. The speaking doll interested the child very much.

  3. While speaking to Nick some days ago, I for­got to ask him about his sister.

Упражнение 380

Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причас­тия.

1. a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard

is our best pupil, b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

2. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Rus-

sian folk songs, b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (sing­ing, sung) by the girls.

3. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my

sister, b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.

4. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework

at that table? b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.

5. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall

trees is very beautiful, b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

310 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Причастие


311


  1. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.

  2. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.

  3. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.

  4. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.


  1. Yesterday we were at a conference (organizing, organized) by the pupils of the 10th form.

  2. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street.

  3. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.

  4. I shall show you a picture (painting, painted) by Hogarth.

  5. Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me yesterday.

  6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?

  7. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.

  8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.

  9. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.

  10. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.

  11. (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.

  12. Look at the beautiful flowers (gathering, gath­ered) by the children.

  13. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying in the middle of the street.

  14. "How do you like the film?" he asked, (turn­ing, turned) towards me.

  15. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (com­ing, come) towards us.

  16. I think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother.


Сравните употребление Present Participle и Perfect Participle

buying покупая having bought купив

Упражнение 381

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.

1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 3. (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hop­ing to see his friends. 4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends. 5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink) tea, she scald­ed her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not no­tice how a thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.

  1. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home.

  2. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.



«1

Формы причастия


Active

Passive

Present Perfect Past

writing having written

being written having been written written

312 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Причастие 313




Как переводить разные формы причастия на русский язык

Формы причастия

Как их переводить

причастием

деепричастием

reading

читающий

читая

having read

прочитав

being read

читаемый

(т. е. который читают)

будучи читаемым

(т. е. когда его читали), будучи прочитанным

(т. е. когда его прочи­тали)

having been read

будучи прочитанным

(т. е. когда его прочитали)

read

прочитанный

building

строящий

строя

having built

построив

being built

строящийся

(т. е. который строят)

будучи строящимся

(т. е. когда его строили) будучи построенным

(т. е. когда его построили)

having been built

будучи построенным

(т. е. когда его построили)

built

построенный

Упражнение 382

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.

1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The broken arm was examined by the doctor.


3. While being examined, the boy could not help cry­ing. 4. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 5. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. 7. While using a needle, you should be careful not to prick your finger. 8. While crossing the street, one should first look to the left and then to the right. 9. People watching a perform­ance are called an audience. 10. Being very ill, she could not go to school. 11. The first rays of the ris­ing sun lit up the top of the hill. 12. The tree struck by lightning was all black and leafless. 13. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 14. The door bolted on the inside could not be opened. 15. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way. 16. The room facing the garden is much more comfor­table than this one. 17. Having descended the moun­tain, they heard a man calling for help. 18. Flushed and excited, the boy came running to his mother. 19. He stood watching the people who were coming down the street shouting and waving their hands.



Обратите внимание на способы перевода на английский язык русских причастий

CD

S 1-

о

СО

о.

П.

действи­тельный залог

несовер­шенный вид

бросающий, бросавший

throwing

нельзя1

совершен­ный вид

бросивший

нельзя1

страда­тельный залог

несовершен­ный вид

бросаемый

being thrown

совершен­ный вид

брошенный

thrown

1 Действительное причастие совершенного вида (а также не­совершенного вида прошедшего времени) может быть переве­дено на английский язык только придаточным определитель­ным предложением (who threw, who has thrown, who had thrown).

314 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Причастие


315




Обратите внимание на способы перевода на английский язык русских деепричастий:

О

S

1-о

СО

о.

с.

G) G)

d

действи­тельный залог

несовершен­ный вид

бросая

throwing

совершен­ный вид

бросив

having thrown

страда­тельный залог

несовершен­ный вид

будучи бросаемым

being thrown

совершен­ный вид

будучи брошенным

being thrown having been thrown

Упражнение 383

Переведите следующие русские причастия и де­епричастия на английский язык.

Приносящий, принесенный, принося, принеся, переводящий, переведенный, переводя, переведя, давая, написав, читающий, берущий, данный, про­читав, сделанный, пьющий, сказанный, будучи по­терянным, нарисовав, написавший, делая, взятый, взяв, рисуя, выпитый, сделав, идя, пишущий, про­читанный, дав, рисующий, делающий, нарисован­ный, выпив, говорящий, беря, написанный, читая, идущий, дающий, сказав, сидевший, посмотрев, бу­дучи забыт, строящий, строящийся, играя, поиграв, рассказанный, рассказавший, видя, принесший, будучи принесенным, построенный, продав.

Упражнение 384

В следующих предложениях употребите, где возмож­но, причастия вместо глаголов в личной форме. Из­меняйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.

1. When he was running across the yard, he fell. 2. When I was going home yesterday, I kept think-


ing about my friend. 3. He put on his coat, went out and looked at the cars which were passing by. 4. She closed the book, put it aside and looked at the children who were running about in the yard. 5. As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody. 6. As we were given dictionar­ies, we managed to translate the article easily. 7. As soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 8. As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it.

Упражнение 385

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му причастия.

1. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read. 2. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics. 3. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 4. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family. 5. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present be­fore. 6. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful problem, he changed the subject. 7. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story preserved all the sparkling humour of the original. 8. (to ap­prove) by the critics, the young author's story was accepted by a thick magazine. 9. (to wait) for some time in the hall, he was invited into the drawing room. 10. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady. 11. They reached the oasis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 12. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once. 13. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the nurse. 14. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours.

317

316 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 386

Замените выделенные части предложений при­частными оборотами. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.

1. When he arrived at the railway station, he

bought a ticket, walked to the platform and boarded the train. 2. As he was promised help, he felt calmer. 3. After he was shown in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for a while. 4. Robin-son started the building of the house at once and finished it before the season of rains set in. 5. He poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an armchair and looked at the wom­an who was sitting opposite him. 6. When he had left the house and was crossing the street, he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had forgotten to phone his friend. 7. He looked at me and hesitated: he did not know what to say. 8. As he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he easily found his way to the marketplace. 9. He has no lan­guage problems, because he has been studying En­glish for a long time. 10. After I had written this exer­cise, I began to doubt whether it was correct. 11. Take care when you cross the street. 12. Students should always be attentive when they are listening to the lec­turer. 13. There are many students who study music. 14. Don't you feel tired after you have walked so much?

Упражнение 387

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму причастия.

1. Артистка, рассказывающая детям сказки по радио, знаменита на всю страну. 2. Ребенок всег­да с интересом слушает сказки, рассказываемые няней. 3. Рассказывая ребенку сказки, она гово­рит разными голосами, имитируя героев сказок. 4. Рассказав ребенку сказку, она пожелала ему


Причастие

спокойной ночи. 5. Сказка, рассказанная няней, произвела на ребенка большое впечатление. 6. Моя бабушка, рассказавшая мне эту сказку, живет в маленьком домике на берегу озера.

Упражнение 388

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму причастия.

1. Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остано­вился. 2. Будучи очень занят, он не сразу услы­шал меня. 3. Услышав шаги, он поднял голову. 4. Выпив чашку чая, она почувствовала себя луч­ше. 5. Играя в саду, дети не заметили, что стало темно. 6. Подойдя к двери, он открыл ее. 7. Том по­дошел к смеющейся девочке. 8. Он положил на стол смятое письмо. 9. Плачущая девочка была голод­на. 10. Бабушка смотрела на детей, играющих во дворе. 11. Она любит смотреть на играющих детей. 12. Сделав уроки, дети пошли гулять. 13. Лежа на диване, он читал книгу. 14. Принеся свои игрушки в комнату, ребенок начал играть. 15. Прочитав мно­го книг Диккенса, он хорошо знал этого писателя.

Независимый причастный оборот (Nominative Absolute Participial Construction)

The day being piercing Так как день был прони-
cold. he had no desire to зываюше холодным, он
loiter. не имел желания медлить.

Упражнение 389

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat. 2. The weather having changed, we decided to stay

318 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Причастие


319


where we were. 3. You can set your mind at ease, all being well. 4. There being no chance of escape, the thief was arrested on the spot. 5. Oliver knocked weakly at the door and, all his strength failing him, sank near the door. 6. The bridge hav­ing been swept by the flood away, the train didn't arrive. 7. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time. 8. It being cold and damp, a fire was lighted for the weary trav­ellers to warm themselves by. 9. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. 10. The hour being late, she hastened home. 11. The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker. 12. The weather being very warm, the closet win­dow was left open. 13. And the wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 14. The vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather being calm, there was but little motion. 15. The next morn­ing, it being Sunday, they all went to church. 16. For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic hav­ing disappeared into a room at the back. 17. There being nothing else on the table, Oliver replied that he wasn't hungry. 18. Mrs. Maylie being tired, they returned more slowly home. 19. Their search re­vealing nothing, Clyde and she walked to a corner. 20. The wind being favourable, our yacht will reach the island in no time. 21. I had long tasks every day to do with Mr. Mell, but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss Murdstone here. 22. It be­ing now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. 23. He being no more heard of, it was nat­ural to forget everything. 24. He started about five, Riggs having informed him that the way would take him three hours. 25. Our horses being weary, it was agreed that we should come to a halt. 26. It having been decided that they should not go out on account of the weather, the members of the par-


ty were busy writing their notes. 27. The wind stir­ring among trees and bushes, we could hear noth­ing. 28. The resistance being very high, the cur­rent in the circuit was very low. 29. This material being a dielectric, no current can flow through it.

His story told, he Когда его история была

leaned back and рассказана, он откинулся

sighed. назад и вздохнул.

Упражнение 390

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. His directions to the porter finished, he came up to his niece. 2. Dinner being over, we assembled in the drawing room. 3. The fifth of June arriving, they departed. 4. This being understood, the confe­rence was over. 5. The constraint caused by the old man's presence having worn off a little, the conver­sation became more lively. 6. This done, and Sikes having satisfied his appetite, the two men lay down on chairs for a short nap. 7. The concert being over, the lottery came next. 8. Dinner being over, the old lady asked Barbara to come and sit on the sofa near her. 9. Then, the house search proving that she was not there, Asa went outside to look up and down the street. 10. All the necessary preparations having been made with utmost secrecy, the army launched an at­tack. 11. The treaty having been signed, trade was at once resumed. 12. About eleven o'clock, the snow having thawed, and the day being finer and a little warmer than the previous one, he went out again. 13. The cathode heated, the electrons leave the sur­face and move to the anode. 14. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.

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321


[pic] [pic] [pic] Sir Henry was deep in Сэр Генри был погружен

his papers, his long в свои бумаги, причем

white hands moving (а) его длинные белые

nervously. руки нервно двигались.


She stood silent, her lips Она стояла молча,
pressed together. плотно сжав губы.


Упражнение 391

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. Then they heard the noise of the plane, its shadow passing over the open glade. 2. She remem­bered him talking, his glasses magnifying his round blue eyes. 3. She sat staring into the fire, the sock forgotten on her knee. 4. He heard the bathers com­ing up the sandy road, their voices ringing through the quiet. 5. They continued their way, the boy sob­bing quietly, the man ashamed. 6. They went down the stairs together, Aileen lingering behind a little. 7. He lifted the lid and kept it in his hand while she was drinking, both standing. 8. She danced light as a feather, eyes shining, feet flying, her body bent a little forward. 9. We walked very slowly home, Agnes and I admiring the moonlight, and Mr. Wick-field scarcely rising his eyes from the ground. 10. They walked quickly through street after street, the Dodger leading and Oliver at his heels. 11. He was standing there silent, a bitter smile curling his lips. 12. The dog sat close to the table, his tail thumping now and again upon the floor, his eyes fixed expectantly on his master. 13. The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depend­ing on the temperature and nature of the material.

  1. Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity.

  2. Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor be­ing the Russian scientist A. S. Popov.


Упражнение 392

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. She stood listlessly, her head dropping upon her breast. 2. She rose from the bed and removed her coat and stood motionless, her head bent, her hands clasped before her. 3. Pale-lipped, his heart beating fast, Andrew followed the secretary. 4. Jack sat silent, his long legs stretched out. 5. The speaker faced the audience, his hand raised for silence.

  1. He sat down quickly, his face buried in his hands.

  2. Clyde sat up, his eyes fixed not on anything here but rather on the distant scene at the lake.

  3. She hurried along, her heels crunching in the packed snow.

Then she sprang away Потом она отскочила

and ran around the desks и побежала вокруг парт

and benches, with Тот и скамеек, а Том бежал

running after her. за ней.

Упражнение 393

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. Little Paul sat, with his chin resting on his hand. 2. He stood, with his arms folded. 3. Lanny stood looking at the lorry rolling away, with his cheek burning and his fists clenched. 4. She stood there, with her brows frowning, her blue eyes looking

11 Ю. Голицынский

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323


before her. 5. Не leant a little forward over the ta­ble, with his wrists resting upon it. 6. And then came the final moment, with the guards coming for him. 7. He slowly and carefully spread the paper on the desk, with Lowell closely watching. 8. She was standing on the rock ready to dive, with the green water below inviting her. 9. Twenty minutes later he came out of number seven, pale, with his lips tightly compressed and an odd expression on his face. 10. Little Oliver Twist was lying on the ground, with his shirt unbuttoned and his head thrown back. 11. The girl wandered away, with tears rolling down her cheeks. 12. The moonlit road was empty, with the cool wind blowing in their faces. 13. She sat on the steps, with her arms crossed upon her knees. 14. Then, with her heart beating fast, she went up and rang the bell.

Упражнение 394

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя независимый причастный оборот.

1. As our work was finished, we went home. 2. If the letter is posted today, the news will reach them tomorrow. 3. If mother permits us, we shall go to the theatre. 4. When the working day was over, she went straight home. 5. As a storm was arising, the ship entered the harbour. 6. When the packing had been done, the girls left for the station. 7. As the stop was a long one, the girls got off the train. 8. As the weather was perfect, Lydia played tennis every day. 9. As the last month was a very busy one, she could not answer her friend's letter. 10. If time permits, we shall come a few days earlier. 11. When the third bell had gone, the curtain slowly rose. 12. As the underground station was not far, we


walked there. 13. Bill could not sleep the whole night, as there was something wrong with his eye. 14. As the rules were very strict, the doorkeeper did not permit Bill to enter. 15. As the front door was open, she could see straight through the house. 16. Rip had no desire to work on his farm, for it was to his mind the worst piece of land in the neighbour­hood. 17. They stood there; the night wind was shak­ing the drying whispering leaves. 18. As the situa­tion was urgent, we had to go ahead. 19. When the greetings were over, Old Jolyon seated himself in a wicker chair. 20. The town of Crewe is known to be one of the most busy junctions in England: many railway lines pass through it. 21. We set off; the rain was still coming down heavily. 22. After a pri­vate sitting room had been engaged, bedrooms in­spected and dinner ordered, the party walked out to view the city. 23. Dinner was served on the terrace, as it was very close in the room. 24. Thoughtful, Andrew finished his omelette; his eyes were all the time fixed upon the microscope. 25. There was in fact nothing to wait for, and we got down to work.

  1. The question was rather difficult to answer at once, and I asked for permission to think it over.

  2. He stood leaning against the wall, his arms were folded. 28. There was very little time left; we had to hurry. 29. Of an evening he read aloud; his small son sat by his side. 30. The new engines were safely delivered, all of them were in good order. 31. Our efforts to start the car had failed, and we spent the night in a nearby village.

Запомните следующее предложение:

Time permitting, we shall go for a walk. Если время позволит, мы пойдем гулять.

324 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 395

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя не­зависимый причастный оборот.

1. Если погода позволит, мы пойдем на каток.

  1. Так как все было готово, она решила отдохнуть.

  2. Так как было уже поздно, они никуда не пошли.

  3. Так как погода была холодная, Джек спрятал руки в карманы. 5. Так как быстро темнело, она поспешила домой. 6. Когда солнце зашло, сразу стало темно. 7. Так как наш разговор был закон­чен, я пошел домой. 8. Когда письмо было напи­сано, она быстро побежала на почту отправить его. 9. Так как оставалось еще полчаса до отхода поезда, мы решили поужинать на вокзале. 10. Если погода будет благоприятной, спортсмены могут показать хорошие результаты. 11. Мы долго разговарива­ли: он задавал мне вопросы, а я охотно на них от­вечал. 12. Если условия позволят, я приеду к вам на лето. 13. Так как было очень тепло, дети спали на открытом воздухе. 14. Когда все приготовления были закончены, мы отправились в поход. 15. Ко­рабль медленно плыл вдоль берегов Белого моря; сотни птиц кружились над ним. 16. Было очень темно, так как на небе не было ни одной звездочки.


  1. Когда солнце село, туристы развели костер.

  2. Так как было очень поздно, собрание было закрыто.


ГЕРУНДИЙ

I like seeing a good film.

Seeing a good film is a pleasure.

We thought of seeing a film after supper.

He went home without seeing the film.

Упражнение 396

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Repairing cars is his business. 2. It goes with­out saying. 3. Have you finished writing? 4. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very healthy. 5.1 like skiing, but my sister prefers skating. 6. She likes sitting in the sun. 7. It looks like raining. 8. My watch wants repairing. 9. Thank you for coming. 10. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end of the month. 11. I had the pleasure of dancing with her the whole evening. 12. Let's go boating. 13. He talked without stopping. 14. Some people can walk all day without feeling tired. 15. Living in little stuffy rooms means breathing poisonous air. 16. Iron is found by digging in the earth. 17. There are two ways of getting sugar: one from beet and the other from sugarcane. 18. Jane Eyre was fond of reading. 19. Miss Trotwood was in the habit of asking Mr. Dick his opinion. 20. His father disliked wasting time on such trifles. 21. Avoid making mistakes if you can.

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Герундий


327


22. The neighbours saved our life by lending us that money. 23. Beethoven continued writing music af­ter he became deaf. 24. Don't make so much fuss over losing your money.

Упражнение 397

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

A: I'm really looking forward to going to New York.

B: Are you? I'm not. I can't stand visiting noisy cities.

A: But New York is wonderful. I love seeing the sky­scrapers, the museums, the historical monu­ments, the Statue of Liberty...

li: T hate visiting museums. I'm not looking forward t,o going at all.

Л: Oli, it's so exciting! I like listening to the mi нш<1н of New York — the traffic, the different

lllllfillll^CM. ..

/I Tim noliiel I run tell you, I dislike visiting noisy

i II Inn! Л Oh. < oiih< on! II'II In- Inn. New York's n great big

inch in/1, pot. мГ people from all over the world.

And the world capital is worth seeing. I want to

go to the Big Apple. It's so interesting!

Упражнение 398

В следующих предложениях замените придаточ­ные дополнительные герундием с предлогом of.

E.g. She thought she would go to the country for the weekend.

She thought of going to the country for the weekend.


1. I thought I would come and see you tomor­row. 2.1 am thinking that I shall go out to the coun­try tomorrow to see my mother. 3. What do you think you will do tomorrow? — I don't know now; I thought I would go to the zoo, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan't go. 4. I hear there are some English books at our university bookstall now. — So you are thinking that you will buy some, aren't you? 5. I thought I would work in the library this evening, but as you have eome, I won't go to the library. 6. We were thinking we would plant roses this year.

Упражнение 399

В следующих предложениях замените придаточ­ные времени герундием с предлогом after.

E.g. When she had bought everything she needed, she went home.

After buying everything she needed, she went home.

1. After she took the child to the kindergarten,

she went to the library to prepare for her exam. 2. When he had made a thorough study of the sub­ject, he found that it was a great deal more impor­tant than he had thought at first. 3. After I had hesi­tated some minutes whether to buy the hat or not, I finally decided that I might find one I liked better in another shop. 4. When she had graduated from the university, she left St. Petersburg and went to teach in her hometown. 5. When he had proved that his theory was correct, he started studying ways and means of improving the conditions of work in very deep coalmines.

328


ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Герундий


329




Формы герундия


Active

Passive

Indefinite (Simple)

writing

being written

Perfect

having written

having been written

Что значат эти формы?

Рассмотрите предложения, иллюстрирующие

значение разных форм герундия.

Что он любит?

Indefinite (Simple)

Active

He likes telling fairy tales.

рассказывать

Passive

He likes being told fairy tales.

чтобы ему рассказывали

Чем он гордится?

4м

О

*

Q) Q.

Active

He is proud of having spoken to this outstanding person.

что поговорил

Passive

He is proud of havinq been spo­ken to.

что с ним поговорили

Упражнение 400

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. She has always dreamt of living in a small house by the sea. 2. She disliked living in her old house. 3. She was thinking of buying a new one.

  1. Now, she enjoys living in a beautiful new house.

  2. She misses seeing the neighbours of course.


6. Usually she enjoyed talking to them and didn't mind helping them. 7. She likes cooking and is very good at it. 8. But she doesn't like washing and iron­ing. 9. She hates getting up early, but she has to. 10. She doesn't mind working a lot, you know. 11. She enjoys driving an expensive car. 12. She has always dreamt of travelling round the world. 13. But she hates flying and she's never been overseas. 14. She has risen to be head of the company in spite of being a woman in a man's world. 15. She loves meeting peo­ple because she can't bear being alone. 16. She loves talking to the press and appearing on TV shows. 17. She enjoys being photographed because she thinks she's beautiful. 18. She hates being laughed at. 19. She likes being stared at because she thinks she's attractive. 20. But she hates being ignored.

Упражнение 401

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные формы герундия.

1. The place is worth visiting. 2. Watching foot­ball matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 3. She stopped com­ing to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 4. Can you remember having seen the man be­fore? 5. She was terrified of having to speak to any­body, and even more, of being spoken to. 6. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him. 7. After being corrected by the teacher, the stu­dents' papers were returned to them. 8. I wondered at my mother's having allowed the journey. 9. I under­stand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 10. Everybody will discuss the event, there is no pre­venting it. 11. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining room. 12. On being told the news, she turned pale.

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Герундий


331


Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения, требующие после себя герундия:

to avoid to burst out

to excuse to finish

to keep (on) to mind1

cannot help to deny to enjoy

to forgive to give up to go on

to postpone to put off to stop

Упражнение 402

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. I avoided speaking to them about that matter. 2. She burst out crying. 3. They burst out laughing.

  1. She denied having been at home that evening.

  2. He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of travelling.

  3. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment. 7. Please forgive my interfering. 8. He gave up smoking a few years ago. 9. They went on talking. 10. He keeps in­sisting on my going to the south. 11. Oh, please do stop laughing at him. 12. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question? 13. Would you mind com­ing again in a day or two? 14. I don't mind wearing this dress. 15. She could not help smiling. 16. I can­not put off doing this translation. 17. Though David was tired, he went on walking in the direction of Dover. 18. Her husband used to smoke, but he stopped smoking two years ago. But it was too late.

19. Have you finished washing the dishes yet?

20. Don't be nervous! Stop biting your nails! 21. He
postponed going to New York as he fell ill.

1 Только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложе­ниях: a) Do you mind me smoking? b) I don't mind having a dog in the house. См. Cambridge International Dictionary of English, с 899.


Упражнение 403

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Перестаньте разговаривать. 2. Мы уже закон­чили чтение этой книги. 3. Продолжайте петь. 4. Вы не против того, чтобы открыть окно? 5. Он отрицал, что совершил преступление. 6. Я очень люблю рисовать. 7. Мы получили удовольствие от плавания. 8. Я не могла не согласиться с ним. 9. Он рассмеялся. 10. Она бросила курить. 11. Она избегала встречи с ним. 12. Мы отложим обсуж­дение доклада. 13. Наконец, они перестали сме­яться. 14. Она отрицала, что украла деньги. 15. Нам пришлось отложить поездку на дачу до следующей субботы. 16. Простите, что я потерял вашу ручку. 17. Когда она закончит писать сочине­ние? 18. Я не возражаю против того, чтобы остаться дома и поработать над моей новой книгой. 19. Пе­рестаньте дрожать. Избегайте показывать этим людям, что вы их боитесь. 20. Я не могу не беспо­коиться о них: они перестали писать. 21. Я не отри­цаю, что видел их в тот вечер. 22. Он не возражал против того, чтобы его осмотрели: он перестал при­творяться, что здоров. 23. Он не может меня про­стить за то, что я порвал его сумку. 24. Она отри­цала, что взяла мои часы. 25. Мальчик любит командовать своей сестрой. 26. Лучше отложить принятие решения. 27. Не могли ли бы вы дать мне книгу, когда закончите ее читать? 28. Ее сын пытался избежать ответа на ее вопросы, так как ему было стыдно, что он солгал ей прежде. 29. Он не мог не думать, что его сын совершил большую ошибку. 30. Простите меня, пожалуйста, что я открыла ваше письмо по ошибке. 31. Я перестала есть мясо и каждый день получаю удовольствие от более здоровой пищи.

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Герундий


333




Запомните следующие

глаголы и выражения,

требующие после себя герундия с определенными

предлогами:

to accuse of

to insist on

to agree to

to look forward to

to approve of

to object to

to be afraid of

to persist in

to congratulate on

to prevent from

to depend on

to succeed in

to dream of

to suspect of

to feel like

to thank for

to give up the idea of

to think of

Упражнение 404

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Не was afraid of waking her. 2. I'm looking for­ward to going on holiday. 3. She congratulated her­self on having thought of such a good idea. 4. My friend succeeded in translating this difficult text. 5. She suspected him of deceiving her. 6. The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood heartily for having helped him. 7. He gave up the idea of ever hearing from her. 8. We are looking forward to seeing you again. 9. He has always dreamt of visiting other countries. 10. He persisted in trying to solve that difficult problem. 11. The cold weather prevented the girls from going for long walks. 12. Jane thought of leaving Lowood after Miss Temple's marriage.

  1. They accuse him of having robbed the house.

  2. He never agreed to their going on that danger­ous voyage. 15. He did not approve of her drinking so much coffee. 16. The teacher of mathematics did


not approve of his pupils dreaming. 17. All the hap­piness of my life depends on your loving me. 18.1 don't feel like seeing him. 19. I insist on being told the truth. 20. I object to his borrowing money from you. 21. I stretched out my hand to prevent her from falling.

Упражнение 405

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Благодарю вас, что вы прислали мне такие красивые цветы. 2. Его обвинили в том, что он продал важные государственные секреты. 3. Он отрицал, что продал их. 4. Он настаивал на том, что невиновен. 5. Он боялся, что его посадят в тюрьму. 6. Шум в соседней комнате мешал мне думать. 7. Я думаю о том, чтобы поехать на юг летом. 8. Мальчик отрицал, что его постоянно ругают и наказывают. 9. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы поговорить с ним. 10. Я с нетерпением ждал встречи с братом. 11. Мне что-то не хочет­ся сегодня играть в лото. 12. Ей удалось сделать очень хороший перевод этого трудного текста.

Упражнение 406

Раскройте скобки, употребляя герундий в актив­ной или пассивной форме.

1. Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 2. She tried to avoid (to speak) to. 3. The doctor insisted on (to send) the sick man to hospital. 4. The child insisted on (to send) home at once. 5. Do you mind him (to examine) by a heart specialist? 6. He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 7. She showed no sign of (to surprise). 8. He had a strange habit of (to inter­fere) in other people's business. 9. I was angry at

334 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Герундий


335


(to interrupt) every other moment. 10. He is good at (to- repair) cars. 11. He was very glad of (to help) in his difficulty. 12. On (to allow) to leave the room, the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 13. In (to make) this experiment, they came across some very interesting pheno­mena. 14. The results of the experiment must be checked and rechecked before (to publish). 15. David was tired of (to scold) all the time. 16. The watch requires (to repair)1. 17. The problem is not worth (to discuss)1. 18. Jane Eyre remembered (to lock) up in the red room for (to contradict) Mrs. Reed.

Упражнение 407

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му герундия.

1. The machine needs (to clean)1. 2. I am quite se­rious in (to say) that I don't want to go abroad. 3. He seemed sorry for (to be) inattentive to his child. 4. She confessed to (to forget) to send the let­ter. 5. The old man could not stand (to tell) what he should do. 6. Going to the party was no use: he had no talent for (to dance). 7. The Bronze Horseman is worth (to see)1. 8. After thoroughly (to examine) the student, the professor gave him a satisfactory mark. 9. After thoroughly (to examine) by the examination commission, the student was given a satisfactory mark. 10. She accused him of (to steal) her purse.

  1. She reproached me for (not to write) to her.

  2. This, job is not worth (to take)1. 13. After (to look) through and (to mark) the students' papers, the

1 Обратите внимание, что после глаголов to want, to need, to deserve, to require, а также после слова worth употребляет­ся active gerund, хотя по значению он passive.

E.g. My watch needs repairing (а не being repaired).


teacher handed them back. 14. After (to look) through and (to mark), the papers were handed back to the students. 15. These clothes want (to wash)1.

  1. David was very glad of (to find) his aunt.

  2. Excuse me for (to break) your beautiful vase.

  3. You never mentioned (to be) to Greece. 19. She was proud of (to award) the champion's cup.


  1. I don't remember ever (to meet) your sister.

  2. I don't remember (to ask) this question by any­body. 22. The cat was punished for (to break) the cup. 23. The cat was afraid of (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa.

Упражнение 408

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му герундия.

1. The girls were busy (to pack) when one of them suddenly remembered (to leave) the milk on the stove which was probably boiling over. 2. Little David couldn't bear (to recite) his lessons in the presence of his stepfather and Miss Murdstone. They fright­ened him so that he couldn't help (to make) mistakes though he tried hard to avoid (to displease) them and (to scold). 3. I landed in London on an autumn evening. My friends expected me home for the holi­days, but had no idea of my (to return) so soon. I had purposely not informed them of my (to come), that I might have the pleasure of (to take) them by surprise. And yet I had a feeling of disappointment in (to receive) no welcome. I even felt like (to cry). 4. The girl was proud of (to choose) to represent the sportsmen of the school at the coming competition. She thanked her classmates for (to choose) her and promised to do her best to win.

1 См. сноску на стр. 334.

336 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


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[pic] Сравните:

I don't mind opening the window. I don't mind his opening the window.

She did not object to doing the room. She did not object to my doing the room.

She insisted on being allowed to go home.

She insisted on her son being allowed to go home.

Упражнение 409

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на существительные и местоимения перед герун­дием.

1. Mother was surprised at her daughter having tidied up the room so quickly. 2. My trying to con­vince him is of no use. 3. When asked why she had missed the train, she said something about her watch being slow. 4. She approached without my see­ing her. 5. She stayed in town the whole summer be­cause of her daughter being ill. 6. I had no idea of his leaving St. Petersburg so soon. 7. Aunt's com­ing here gives me much pleasure. 8. The librarian did not object to the reader keeping the book one day longer. 9. She said that she knew nothing about the door having been left open.

Упражнение 410

Замените придаточные предложения герундиаль ными оборотами, вводя их, где необходимо, предло­гами, данными в скобках после предложения.

1. When they entered the house, they heard the last bell ringing, (on) 2. Thank you that you invited me to the theatre, (for) 3. The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once, (on)


4. She could not even think that the operation might be postponed, (of) 5. There was little hope that James would return on the same day. (of) 6. The thought that he had been turned away by the door­keeper made him feel miserable, (of) 7. The pleas­ant-faced middle-aged woman insisted that Olga should come to her town to teach, (on) 8. Helen sug­gested that they should go on a trip. 9. There is a possibility that my father will join us for the trip, (of) 10. The girls knew that the sportsman had been awarded a prize, (of) 11. I don't mind if you walk to the underground station with me.

Упражнение 411

Замените выделенные части предложений герун­диальными оборотами. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.

1. That nobody saw them was a mere chance. 2. Mother insisted that her son should enter the university, (on) 3. The place looked so picturesque and cheerful that he rejoiced at the thought that he would come to live there, (of) 4. When he entered, she stood up and left the room, and even did not look at him. (without) 5. When Robert came home from the college, after he had passed his examinations, he felt very happy, (on) 6. In the darkness they were afraid that they might lose their way. (of) 7. When he reached his destination, he sent a telegram home to say that he had arrived safely, (on) 8. Thank you that you helped me. (for) 9. The new medicine may be recommended only after it is approved by the Sci­entific Board. 10. You will never learn from your mistakes if you do not write them down, (without) 11. When the boy entered the room, he glanced curiously around, (on) 12. The patient felt much

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better after he had been given proper treatment. 13. Just before I left the classroom, I was ap­proached by a fellow student who asked me to help him. 14. Looking at the man attentively, she re­membered that she had seen him and spoken to him on several occasions.

Упражнение 412

Замените выделенные части предложений герун­диальными оборотами, употребляя, где необходимо, соответствующие предлоги.

1. Do you mind if I smoke here? 2. Will you ob­ject if I close the door? 3. Thank you that you did it. 4. My teacher insists that I should read aloud every day. 5. Will Mary have anything against it if I take her umbrella for some time? 6. I remember that I have seen this picture somewhere. 7. That you are against John's proposal does not mean that I must decline it. 8. The fact that you took English lessons some years ago helps you in your studies now. 9. I am told that you are very busy.

Упражнение 413

Замените выделенные части предложений герун­диальными оборотами, употребляя, где необходимо, соответствующие предлоги.

1. Tom was afraid that he might be late. 2. Bill remembered that he had walked about the factory gate for months. 3. When the young man graduat­ed from Harvard, he returned to Russia. 4. Mary asked John to forgive her that she had not answered his letter sooner. 5. After we had passed our exam­inations, we had a very entertaining evening. 6. Michael remembered that he had enjoyed the trip


to the Bahamas. 7. They gave up the idea that they would find work. 8. The girls were afraid that they might miss the train. 9. I am thankful that I have been given a chance to hear this outstanding sing­er. 10. Helen insisted that she should be given that job. 11. I don't remember that I have ever seen an­yone dance like Plisetskaya.

Упражнение 414

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы помочь ей. 2. Он отрицал, что разбил вазу. 3. Она боится потерять свой кошелек. 4. Я не одобряю того, что вы тра­тите так много времени понапрасну. 5. Они поду­мывают о том, чтобы поехать на каникулы в Ита­лию, но они еще не решили. 6. Она упрекает (об­виняет) его в том, что он слишком редко звонит ей по телефону. 7. Перестань плакать. 8. Мой малень­кий брат не давал мне делать уроки. 9. Вы не воз­ражаете, если я приду немного попозже? 10. Про­должайте писать. 11. Папа возражает против того, чтобы я шел с ней в театр. 12. Я не могу не смеять­ся, когда смотрю на вас. 13. Он с нетерпением ждет получения визы, чтобы поехать в США. 14. Она продолжала принимать те же самые таблетки по совету врача. 15. Мы пытаемся избегать в выход­ные дни ходить за покупками. 16. Мы получаем удовольствие от прихода наших друзей.

Упражнение 415

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Мы оставили мысль о покупке новой мебе­ли. 2. Она боялась, что ее накажут. 3. Перестань-

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те разговаривать. 4. Я не отрицаю, что был там вчера. 5. Я одобряю ваше желание учить немец­кий язык. 6. Вы не возражаете, если я пойду гу­лять? 7. Я не могу не бояться. 8. Они подозревают, что эта женщина дает ложные показания. 9. Про­должайте работать. 10. Я настаиваю на том, что­бы повидать моего друга. 11. Мама возражает про­тив того, что я много играю в футбол. 12. Он упре­кает (обвиняет) меня в том, что я ему не помог.

  1. Он и не помышлял (и не мечтал) сделать это.

  2. Она не могла не чувствовать, что он солгал ей.

  3. Мальчикам в конце концов удалось разгадать загадку (тайну). 16. У меня так сильно болят зубы, что я больше не могу откладывать визит (не пойти) к стоматологу (зубному врачу).

Упражнение 416

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Я не могу не думать об этом все время. 2. Я на­стаиваю на том, чтобы пойти туда. 3. Мама возра­жает против того, что я засиживаюсь до поздна. 4. Его арестовали, так как полицейские подозре­вают, что он террорист. 5. Вы не возражаете, если я буду курить в этой комнате? 6. Я одобряю то, что ты помогаешь бабушке. 7. Я думаю о том, чтобы поехать в Австралию. 8. Он бросил играть в футбол с тех пор, как заболел. 9. Он боялся, что его забудут. 10. Продолжайте читать. 11. Никто не одобряет игру в азартные игры. Всякий, кто любит играть в азартные игры, должен (вынуж­ден) быть готов к потере денег. 12. Плохая пого­да помешала нам поехать за город. 13. Цены про­должают расти. 14. Я с нетерпением буду ждать ответа от моего сына. 15. Ты зависишь от ее по-


мощи в этой трудной ситуации. 16. Дождь толь­ко что перестал (кончился, прошел).

Упражнение 417

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Он расплакался. 2. Я не могу не любоваться этой чудесной картиной. 3. Мама возражает против того, что ты поздно приходишь домой. 4. Я одоб­ряю вашу упорную работу. 5. Она отрицала, что по­могла им. 6. Перестань дразнить кошку. 7. Я боюсь простудиться. 8. Если он будет намеренно старать­ся (упорствовать в попытках) причинять неприят­ности, его уволят с работы. 9. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы остаться в Санкт-Петербурге. 10. Он упре­кает (обвиняет) тебя в том, что ты не пишешь ему письма. 11. Вы не возражаете, если я лягу спать? 12. Продолжайте делать уроки. 13. Она не побла­годарит тебя за то, что ты потерял работу. 14. Она собиралась помочь, но передумала. 15. Они с не­терпением ждут, когда увидятся со своими друзь­ями из Швейцарии. 16. Вам не хочется (Вы не расположены) сегодня вечером поиграть в теннис?

Упражнение 418

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Он думал о том, чтобы поступить в универ­ситет. 2. Прекрати сердиться. Прости его за то, что он испортил вечер в твой день рождения. 3. Я не могу не чувствовать стыда. 4. Я поздравил своего друга со сдачей экзамена по вождению машины. 5. Продолжайте разговаривать. 6. Я настаиваю на

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том, чтобы сказать ему правду. 7. Они боялись опо­здать на поезд. 8. Я не одобряю того, что ты играешь в компьютерные игры. 9. Мы оставили мысль о по­ездке за город. 10. Она бросила танцы в прошлом году. 11. Мама возражает против того, что я при­вожу в дом слишком много друзей. 12. Вы не воз­ражаете, если я позвоню вам? 13. Ты обвиняешь меня в том, что я тебя обманула? 14. Студенты нашей группы с нетерпением ждут, когда совер­шат круиз (турне) по Европе на каникулах в этом году. 15. Его мама продолжает надеяться, что он скоро позвонит или напишет. 16. Что помешало ей прийти на его день рождения?

Упражнение 419

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Перестань бегать. 2. Он отрицал, что взял деньги. 3. Он боялся потерять друзей. 4. Она не одобряла того, что он слишком часто ходил на ве­черинки. 5. Я подумываю о том, чтобы принять то предложение, так как у меня опыт работы на компьютере, и я знаю, как его использовать для выполнения этого проекта. 6. Мама возражает про­тив того, что он часто ходит в кино. 7. Мы поздра­вили их с тем, что они выиграли матч. 8. Я не могу не сердиться на него. 9. Он рассмеялся. 10. Вы не возражаете, если я приведу моего друга? 11. Я на­стаиваю на том, чтобы спросить его совета. 12. Про­должайте писать ему. 13. Если ты будешь наме­ренно стараться (упорствовать в попытках) зада­вать мне глупые вопросы, я тебе и вовсе ничего не расскажу. 14. Она никогда не умолкает (просто рта не закрывает). 15. Люди действительно не могут продолжать так жить. 16. Он упрекал (обвинял) нас в том, что мы его не навестили.


Упражнение 420

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Мы бы и не подумали отпустить ее (позволить ей уйти) домой в такую ночь. 2. Я не могу не опаз­дывать на первый урок. 3. Вы не возражаете, если я возьму вашу ручку? 4. Я не одобряю того, что вы играете в карты. 5. Его обвинили в том, что он ограбил дом. 6. Он бросил курить год назад. 7. Она имела обыкновение избегать разговаривать с дирек­тором. 8. Мы оставили мысль когда-нибудь увидеть его. 9. Он не боялся поседеть, но он не вынес (нена­видел) бы появления лысины. 10. Мама возражает против того, что он читает в постели. 11. Я настаи­ваю на том, чтобы пригласить их. 12. Продолжай­те обсуждать этот вопрос. 13. Люди в Британии и США бросают курить, потому что они понимают, что курение подрывает их здоровье. 14. Им при­шлось отложить поездку в Таиланд из-за самого опасного цунами. 15. Вы подумываете выиграть миллион без упорного труда? 16. Шум за окном мешал ей спать.

Упражнение 421

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Мама возражает против того, что я поднимаю шум в доме. 2. Я не могу не сказать вам этого. 3. Его обвинили в том, что он украл деньги. 4. Она не одобряла того, что он курит. 5. Он бросил иг­рать в шахматы. 6. Дети боялись заблудиться в лесу. 7. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы написать ему. 8. Избегай пить пиво, оно наносит вред (подрыва­ет твое здоровье) твоему здоровью. 9. Вы не возра­жаете, если я открою окно? 10. Шум в соседней

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комнате не давал мне заснуть. 11. Я подумываю о том, чтобы ходить пешком на работу и обратно каждый день. 12. Продолжайте играть. 13. Мое­му другу придется отложить поездку в Америку до следующего лета. 14. Это перестало волновать (беспокоить) нашу маму. 15. Мой двоюродный брат потерял все свои деньги, и ему не хочется (он не расположен) никуда идти сегодня вечером. 16. Она не могла не восхищаться самой знаменитой рус­ской церковью в Новгороде.

Упражнение 422

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий.

1. Я с нетерпением жду, что она снова приедет в Россию. 2. Он, бывало, выкуривал двадцать си­гарет в день, а в этом году он бросил курить из-за рака легких. 3. Вор отрицал, что украл ее бесцен­ное бриллиантовое кольцо. 4. Продавщицу упре­кали (обвиняли) в том, что она грубила и пренеб­регала своими обязанностями. 5. Его отец не одоб­рял использования грязного языка на радио и те­левидении. 6. Мой сын не хотел оставаться менед­жером на всю жизнь, поэтому он вернулся в уни­верситет в городе Петербурге. 7. Она настаивала на том, чтобы позвонить в полицию. 8. Когда у меня простуда, мне и есть не хочется (я не распо­ложен к еде). 9. Мне доставляет удовольствие (Я люблю) слушать классическую музыку. 10. Кто мешает нам исполнять (выполнять) свои обязан­ности должным образом? 11. Мишин дядя одобря­ет то, что он учит иностранные языки. 12. Цена картины была так высока, что он и мечтать (ду­мать) не мог купить ее. 13. Он отрицал, что совер­шил несколько преступлений, включая кражу де­нег и два убийства. 14. Учитель по английскому


языку не мог не спросить меня об этом. 15. Води­тель боялся, что ситуация ухудшится. 16. Я не мог согласиться, чтобы помочь ему и в этот раз. 17. Они не могут не надеяться, что он все еще жив. 18. Ро­дители Джона дали свое согласие на его брак с этой девушкой. 19. Пожалуйста, извини меня, что я не съел весь обед. 20. Его подозревали в наруше­нии закона и в том, что он брал взятки. 21. Очень трудно бросить пить, играть в азартные игры и принимать наркотики. 22. Она простила его за то, что он не писал ей. 23. Управляющий возражает против того, чтобы нанять (взять) ее консультан­том по связям с общественностью. 24. Он должен „благодарить" только самого себя за то, что он неудачник.

ПРИЧАСТИЕ, ГЕРУНДИЙ

И ОТГЛАГОЛЬНОЕ

СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Обратите внимание на различные значения ing-формы:

В следующих предложениях reading причастие:

My brother is reading a book. In the library you can see many people reading books-Reading his newspaper, the old man fell asleep.

В следующих предложениях reading герундий:

Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure. It is no use reading these notes. I like reading a good book. I am thinking of reading a new A. Christie book. I remember reading a very clever article on mar­ket economy.

Сравните эти два предложения:

My brother is reading the latest story by R. Brad­bury, причастие

My dream is reading the latest story by R. Brad­bury, герундий


Герундий и отглагольное существительное 347

Упражнение 423

Расположите по порядку:

  1. предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

  2. предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием.

1. a) When we entered the classroom, we saw ma-

ny students writing at the desks.

  1. Do you mind my writing with your pen?

  2. He was writing a letter when I entered the room.

2. a) We all listened with great interest to the

speaker criticizing the new book.

  1. Criticizing the work of our sports club, he said that it was not satisfactory.

  2. They were criticizing the government for its failure to limit air pollution at that moment.

  3. I have no objection to your criticizing me.

3. Lydia could retell the English story she had
read without looking into the book. 4. Everybody ran
to meet the people returning from the city. 5. They
went home quickly, protecting themselves from the
rain by walking under the trees. 6. In this factory
much attention is paid to protecting the health of
the workers. 7. He stopped writing and looked
around. 8. In this picture you can see a young man
giving flowers to a girl. 9. Playing volleyball is
a popular sport for young people. 10. She left the
room without saying a word. 11. We had the pleas­
ure of seeing the performance. 12. John likes study­
ing history. 13. Never jump off a moving train. 14. Read­
ing books out of doors is his favourite way of spend­
ing the summer holidays, but he likes swimming and
going on excursions as well. 15. Running water is
always better than standing water. 16. The remain­
ing cakes were given to the children. 17. The cakes,

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Герундий и отглагольное существительное 349


remaining from the evening, were given to the chil­dren. 18. You can learn what the new words mean by looking them up in the dictionary. 19. Before going to meet his friend, he went home to change his clothes. 20. They went out to meet the returning women. 21. Returning home after a good holiday is always pleasant. 22. Returning home after a good holiday, he looked the picture of health.

Упражнение 424

Расположите по порядку:

  1. предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

  2. предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием.

1. Не was looking at the plane flying overhead. 2. Wishing to learn to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates. 3. Just imagine his coming first in the race! 4. The children were tired of running. 5. Being frightened by the dog, the cat climbed a high fence. 6. It is no use going there now. 7. Com­ing out of the wood, the travellers saw a ruined cas­tle in the distance. 8. My greatest pleasure is trav­elling. 9. Growing tomatoes need a lot of sunshine. 10. Growing corn on his desert island, Robinson Cru­soe hoped to eat bread one day. 11. Growing roses takes a lot of care and attention. 12. Having pre­pared all the necessary equipment, they began the experiment. 13. Mary will stop for a few days at the seaside before going back home. 14. While translat­ing the text, I looked up many words in the diction­ary. 15. I usualy help mother by washing the dishes and doing the rooms. 16. Entering the room, I saw my friends smiling at me. 17. Instead of phoning his friend, he went to see him. 18. The boys continued


playing football. 19. Watching the playing kittens was great fun for the children.



Сравните герундий и отглагольное существительное:

Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.

герундий

The reading of a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.

отглагольное

существи-

тельное

Упражнение 425

Расположите по порядку:

  1. предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

  2. предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. The singing of those beautiful folk songs im­pressed me greatly. 2. Your having written is really no excuse for your not coming on the day fixed. 3. Such doings can hardly be explained. 4. The mo­tor was carefully examined before starting. 5. I am very pleased to meet you after hearing so much about you. 6. Your hair wants cutting. 7. I shall look for­ward to seeing you again. 8. It was no use talking about it any longer. 9. Sleeping is necessary. 10. We felt so disappointed at your having missed nearly half the programme. 11. The building of this house will cost much money. 12. Are you dressed for go­ing out? 13. I hate the idea of doing it once more.

  1. Then came a general lighting of pipes and cigars.

  2. But you don't mind being asked to help us, do you? 16. The forest resounded with the hooting of owls and the howling of wolves. 17. She blamed her­self for having been a dull companion.

350 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Герупдий и отглагольное существительное 351


Упражнение 426

Расположите по порядку:

  1. предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

  2. предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

  3. предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. The driving wheel of the machine is broken.

  1. Driving in a motor car, we passed many villages.

  2. We have every chance of passing our examinations well. 4. Having been knocked down by a passing car, the poor man was at once taken to hospital. 5. You don't know what you miss, not having the desire to listen to good music. 6. These happenings are re­markable. 7. Travelling is a pleasant way of improv­ing one's education. 8. Every trust arranges for the marketing of its products. 9. I was told of a great friendship existing between the two captains. 10. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 11. Asking him for help is useless. 12. Happily we escaped being delayed on our way. 13. There are many discoveries being made all over the world. 14. Seeing this man, I rec­ollected perfectly having met him many years before.

Упражнение 427

Расположите по порядку:

  1. предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

  2. предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

  3. предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. Sitting by her sleeping child, the worried mother at last began to realize by its peaceful breath-


ing that all danger was over. 2. I stopped knocking at the door and, sitting down at the top of the stairs, began waiting for my father to come. 3. With a sudden tightening of the muscles he became aware of a figure walking noiselessly beside him. 4. She praised herself for having come. 5. Having stopped crying, the child quieted down to hard thinking. 6. The old clock kept ticking on the mantelpiece, as if counting the seconds left before the coming of day­light. 7. Remembering that time was like going back to his childhood and reliving those happy days. 8. Look­ing back upon that time, he realized how happy he had been then. 9. Tom lived there like a paying guest, at­tracting very little attention of the others.

Упражнение 428

Расположите по порядку:

  1. предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

  2. предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

  3. предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. We sat by the riverside listening to the run­ning of the water. 2. The cleaning of the room was done by the girls. 3. Working in the garden is very good for the health of people. 4. Going home from the theatre, they were discussing the play they had seen. 5. You should think before speaking. 6. After finding the new word in the dictionary, I wrote it down and went on reading. 7. He spent much time on the copying of his literature lectures. 8. What do you mean by saying that? 9. The students found the reading of English newspapers rather difficult at first. 10. Instead of going home after school, the girls went for a walk. 11. Chalk is used for writing on the blackboard.

Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 353

СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ (COM­PLEX OBJECT)


glish," said my mother to me. — My mother wanted ... 9. "Bring me some water from the river, chil­dren," said our grandmother. — Our grandmother wanted ... 10. "Come to my birthday party," said Kate to her classmates. — Kate wanted ... 11. The biology teacher said to us: "Collect some insects in summer." — The biology teacher wanted ... 12. "Don't eat ice cream before dinner," said our mother to us. Our mother did not want ...


I want him to help me. I'd like him to help me.

Упражнение 429

Закончите предложения, употребляя сложное до­полнение.

E.g. "Bring me a book," said my brother to me.

My brother wanted me to bring him a book.

1. The teacher said to the pupils: "Learn the rule." — The teacher wanted ... 2. "Be careful, or else you will spill the milk," said my mother to me. — My mother did not want ... 3. "My daughter will go to a ballet school," said the woman. — The woman wanted ... 4. The man said: "My son will study math­ematics." — The man wanted ... 5. "Oh, father, buy me this toy, please," said the little boy. — The little boy wanted ... 6. "Wait for me after school," said Ann to me. — Ann wanted ... 7. "Fix the shelf in Mir kitchon," my father said to me. — My father wniilnl ... K. "It. will be very good if you study En-


Упражнение 430

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. 2. Я хочу, чтобы все это прочитали. 3. Мне хотелось бы, что­бы доктор посмотрел его. 4. Дети хотели, чтобы я рассказал им сказку. 5. Я не хочу, чтобы она зна­ла об этом. 6. Он хотел, чтобы его друг пошел с ним. 7. Мой брат хочет, чтобы я изучала испан­ский язык. 8. Я бы хотел, чтобы мои ученики хо­рошо знали английский язык. 9. Я не хочу, что­бы ты получил плохую оценку. 10. Мне бы не хо­телось, чтобы они опоздали. 11. Я не хотела, что­бы вы меня ждали. 12. Она бы хотела, чтобы ее брат получил первый приз. 13. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 14. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 15. Она хотела, чтобы ее сын хо­рошо окончил школу. 16. Им бы хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру. 17. Она не хотела, чтобы я уехал в Москву. 18. Я бы не хотел, чтобы вы по­теряли мою книгу. 19. Папа хочет, чтобы я была пианисткой. 20. Мы хотим, чтобы этот артист при­ехал к нам в школу. 21. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам эту историю? 22. Хотите, я дам вам мой словарь?

12 Ю. Голицынский

354 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 355


I expect him to come.

I know him to be a good pupil.

Упражнение 431

Перепишите следующие предложения, употреб­ляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточных допол­нительных предложений.

E.g. I expect that she will send me a letter. I expect her to send me a letter. I know that he is a great scientist. I know him to be a great scientist.

1. I know that my friend is a just man. 2. I ex­pect that he will understand your problem and help you to solve it. 3. I expected that she would behave quite differently. 4. I did not expect that my broth­er would forget to send her flowers. 5. He knows that my mother is a very kind woman. 6. She expected that her brother would bring her the book. 7. I know that your uncle is an excellent mathematician. 8. People expect that the 21st century will bring peace on the Earth.

Упражнение 432

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я рассчитываю, что письмо придет завтра. 2. Он рассчитывал, что учитель похвалит его. 3. Она не рассчитывала, что они вернутся так поздно. 4. Я знаю, что она талантливая певица. 5. Я знала, что он великий ученый. 6. Мы не рассчитывали, что вы так много сделаете. 7. Учитель рассчиты­вал, что ученики поймут правило. 8. Я не ожидал, что он напишет такие прекрасные стихи. 9. Она


знала, что он очень добрый человек. 10. Все зна­ли, что она прогрессивный ученый. 11. Я знаю, что твоя сестра — очень способная студентка. 12. Все знают, что Байрон — великий поэт. 13. Я не ожидал, что это случится так скоро. 14. Мы рассчитываем, что вы нам поможете. 15. Он ожи­дал, что министр ответит сразу. 16. Мы рассчи­тывали, что погода изменится.

I like her to sing. I hate her to cry.

Упражнение 433

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я люблю, когда дети смеются. 2. Она не лю­бит, когда я с ней спорю. 3. Она не любила, чтобы мы приходили поздно. 4. Он терпеть не может, когда я опаздываю. 5. Наш учитель любит, когда мы задаем вопросы. 6. Я ненавижу, когда ты за­бываешь свои обязанности. 7. Бабушка любит, когда Лена играет на рояле. 8. Папа любит, когда я говорю по-английски. 9. Мой дедушка не любил, когда дети разговаривали за столом. 10. Он тер­петь не мог, когда мы ломали игрушки. 11. Он любил, когда мы играли в тихие игры.

Mother made me eat the soup.

Упражнение 434

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Пожалуйста, не заставляйте меня пить мо­локо. 2. Она не могла заставить его ложиться спать

356 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 357


рано. 3. Собака заставила кошку взобраться на дерево. 4. Учитель заставил ее переписать упраж­нение. 5. Она заставила собаку перепрыгнуть че­рез забор. 6. Он заставил брата прыгнуть в воду. 7. Дождь заставил нас вернуться домой. 8. За­ставьте ее надеть пальто: сегодня очень холодно. 9. Почему вы не заставили сына выучить стихо­творение? 10. Я не могу заставить свою кошку ло­вить мышей. 11. Когда ты заставишь своего друга делать зарядку?

I saw him enter. I saw him entering. I heard her speak. I heard her speaking. I noticed him frown. I noticed him frowning. I felt him tremble. I felt him trembling.

Упражнение 435

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя сложное дополнение с причастием.

E.g. He was reading in the garden. She saw him. She saw him reading in the garden.

1. We noticed a man. The man was cleaning his shoes. 2. He saw two girls. They were dancing on the stage. 3. She watched the children. They were running and playing in the garden. 4. I saw her. She was arranging her hair. 5. We saw our neighbour. He was listening to the latest news on the radio.

  1. The cat was rubbing itself .on my leg. I felt it.

  2. They were fishing. We saw it. 8. The pupils were writing a paper. The teacher watched them.

9. A caterpillar was crawling on my arm. I felt it.

10. We heard I. Arkhipova last night. She was sing­
ing a Russian folk song. 11. I watched the sun. It
was rising. 12. I heard him. He was singing an En-


glish song. 13. John heard his sister. She was talk­ing loudly on the veranda. 14. We saw Ben. He was crossing the square. 15. They heard their father. He was playing the piano in the drawing room. 16. I can see the train. It is coming. 17. I watched the rain. It was beating down the flowers in the gar­den. 18. I saw a group of boys. They were eating ice cream. 19. We noticed a group of people. They were digging potatoes in the field. 20. Didn't you see her? She was smiling at you. 21. The girl was sing­ing. I heard her. 22. They were talking about com­puters. He heard them. 23. You and your friend were walking along the street yesterday. I saw you. 24. The little girls were playing on the grass. We watched them. 25. The ship was leaving the port. He stood and looked at it. 26. She was sleeping peacefully in her bed. Mother watched her.

Упражнение 436

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя сложное дополнение с инфинитивом.

E.g. He dropped his bag. I saw it. I saw him drop his bag.

1. The boy noticed a bird. It flew on to the bush near the window. 2. Jane saw her neighbour. He opened the door of his flat and went in. 3. I saw him. He pointed to a picture on the wall. 4. I heard him. He shut the door of the study. 5. We saw that the children climbed to the tops of the trees. 6. I noticed that Henry went up and spoke to the stranger. 7. He slipped and fell. I saw it. 8. I heard that she suddenly cried out loudly. 9. She bent and picked up something from the floor. The policeman saw it. 10. I saw that he opened the door and left the room.

358 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 359


11. She dropped the cup on the floor and broke it. I saw it. 12. They turned the corner and disap­peared. We watched them. 13. The doctor touched the boy's leg. The boy felt it. 14. Pete bought some flowers. His friends saw it. 15. The wounded hunt­er felt that the bear touched him, but he did not move. 16. Shall we hear it if the telephone rings? 17. Tamara saw that the waves carried the boat away. 18. The ship sailed away from the shore. They saw it. 19. Have you heard how he sings the part of Hermann in Tchaikovsky's "Queen of Spades"?

Упражнение 437

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на оттенки значений сложного дополнения в зави­симости от того, выражена ли его вторая часть причастием или инфинитивом.

1. Не felt her arm slipping through his. 2. She felt her hands tremble. 3. Now and then he could hear a car passing. 4. He felt his heart beat with joy. 5. He felt his heart beating with joy. 6. She could hear her father walking up and down the picture gallery. 7. We saw him cross the street looking to the left and to the right. 8. I felt the wind blowing through a crack in the wall. 9. We stood on deck and watched the sun going down. 10. I heard him play­ing the piano in the house. 11. It is nice to see peo­ple enjoying themselves. 12. We watched the planes circling above us. 13. Nobody noticed him come in and sit down. 14. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder. 15. She felt tears roll down her cheeks.

  1. I was so weak that I felt my knees shaking.

  2. We saw them jump with parachutes. 18. He heard a car approaching from the opposite direction. 19. In the room he could see a man sitting in an old


urmchair. 20. I heard the door of the entrance hall open and close softly. 21. In the little summerhouse Ht the bend of the garden path he saw someone sit­ting. 22. He went back to the window and, looking through it, suddenly saw her walking down the path. 23. They all gathered on the hill to watch the sun rise. 24. She watched her mother bending over the tea things. 25. The people living in the north do not see the sun come out for months. 26. The door creaked. He saw Irene come in, pick up the telegram and read it. 27. At the stop she saw another girl waiting for the bus. 28. I heard him tell the teacher about it. 29. I heard him telling the teacher about it. 30. She heard people walking in the corridor. 31. She heard somebody walk up to her door. 32. We saw some people washing clothes in the stream.

Упражнение 438

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение с причастием или инфинити­вом, в зависимости от смысла.

1. Я слышал, как он открывает дверь. 2. Я слы­шал, как он открыл дверь. 3. Я почувствовал, как он коснулся моей руки. 4. Я чувствовал, что он касается моей руки. 5. Я видел, как птицы летят к лесу. 6. Я увидел, как птицы полетели к лесу. 7. Мы увидели, что она переплывает реку. 8. Мы видели, как она переплыла реку. 9. Я не замети­ла, как он положил письмо на стол. 10. Я видела, как он поставил свой чемодан у двери. 11. Мы видели, как она сошла с поезда и пошла по направ­лению к кассам. 12. Мы наблюдали, как он подо­шел к окну, остановился, открыл журнал и стал читать. 13. Я почувствовала, что кто-то смотрит на меня справа. 14. Мы видели, как она выходи­ла из дома. 15. Он слышал, как председатель на-

360 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 361


звал его имя. 16. Он почувствовал, что его руки дрожат. 17. Мы слышали, как они весело смеют­ся в соседней комнате. 18. Я заметил, что она по­бледнела. 19. Я видел, что он встал со стула и по­шел к окну. 20. Мать следила, как ее маленький сын чистит зубы. 21. Он наблюдал, как мама моет посуду. 22. Мы видели, что они медленно прибли­жаются. 23. Мы увидели, что они спят. 24. Он за­метил, что она вздрогнула. 25. Я слышал, как он играет на скрипке. 26. Мы слышали, как он заго­ворил с ней по-французски.


сто следили за тем, как обезьяны играют в клет­ке. 23. Я часто слышу, как он играет у себя в комнате. 24. Вы видели, как бежали эти два мальчика? 25. Он услышал, как на улице плачет какой-то ребенок. 26. Дети стояли и смотрели, как плавают медведи. 27. Мальчик следил за тем, как кошка пытается открыть дверь. 28. Он заме­тил, что они переходят улицу с двумя большими чемоданами в руках.

I want the work to be done = I want the work done


Упражнение 439

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение с причастием или инфинити­вом, в зависимости от смысла.

1. Она видела, что Нина примеряет шляпу. 2. Алиса видела, что ее сестра взяла книгу. 3. Он видел, что его ученики стоят около школы. 4. Том видел, что она вышла из комнаты. 5. Мать виде­ла, что ее дети делают домашнее задание. 6. Она видела, что Андрей сидит на диване. 7. Николай видел, что Анна что-то пишет. 8. Она не слыша­ла, как я вошел в комнату. 9. Я не слышал, как они разговаривали. 10. Вы когда-нибудь слыша­ли, как она поет? 11. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он говорит по-испански? 12. Я видел, что Коля пришел. 13. Я видела, что Джордж идет по ули­це. 14. Я видел, что Нелли читает. 15. Мы виде­ли, как студенты танцуют. 16. Мы видели, как разговаривали их родители. 17. Учитель заметил, что ученики разговаривают. 18. Она заметила, как отец вышел из комнаты. 19. Вы заметили, что они смеются? 20. Вы заметили, что он ушел? 21. Мы смотрели, как дети играют. 22. В зоопарке мы ча-


Упражнение 440

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение.

1. Не wanted his letters posted at once. 2.1 don't want my papers looked through. 3. She did not want her child taken to hospital. 4. She gave him some papers and said that the client wanted them signed. 5. The teacher wants our homework to be prepared well. 6. Would you like your luggage carried up­stairs? 7. I want a bedroom prepared for my guest.

  1. If you want things done well, do them yourself.

  2. I should very much like it to be made clear to me.

10. The traveller entered the inn and ordered sup­
per to be prepared.

Упражнение 441

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я хочу, чтобы эту статью напечатали в завт­рашней газете. 2. Она хочет, чтобы эту песню пели как можно чаще. 3. Он хотел, чтобы его картины

362 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 363


видели во всех странах. 4. Ребенок хотел, чтобы его мишку положили к нему в постель. 5. Она хо­тела, чтобы ее сочинение проверили сейчас же. 6. Я не хочу, чтобы это платье порвали. 7. Он не хотел, чтобы ему стригли волосы. 8. Я хочу, что­бы мой велосипед привезли с дачи. 9. Я хочу, чтобы этот ковер расстелили на полу в гостиной. 10. Он не хотел, чтобы трогали его вещи. 11. Вы хотите, чтобы эту картину повесили над камином? 12. Он хотел, чтобы траву на лужайке подстригли.





When Why

did you have

your hair cut? your watch repaired? your photo taken? a new dress made?

Where do you usually have

your hair cut? your watch repaired? your photo taken? your dresses made?


[pic] То have something done

Упражнение 442

Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения, используя приведенные ниже подстановочные таб­лицы. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи)

E.g. I must have my hair cut.

I must have my watch repaired.

I must have my photo taken.

I must have a new dress made.

I want to have my hair cut.

I want to have my watch repaired, etc.



1 must 1 want to 1 am going to

have

my hair cut. my watch repaired, my photo taken, a new dress made.

Have you had

your hair cut? your watch repaired? your photo taken? a new dress made?


Упражнение 443

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение.

1. I must have my hair cut tomorrow. 2. I have just had my photograph taken and thought you might like to get one. 3. They had some dinner brought. 4. She had the children looked after in the evening when she went out. 5. Ellen had her nee­dle threaded for her as her eyesight was getting worse and worse. 6.1 must have these shoes mended. 7. I shall have my son taught music. 8. The planters had the trees in the jungle cut down. 9. I shall have your taxi kept at the door. 10. I shall have your things brought up and unpacked at once. 11.1 meant to have this dress altered but I never did. 12. She has had no photographs of herself taken since her childhood. 13. Have this carpet spread on the floor.

364 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 365


Упражнения на все изученные виды сложного дополнения

Упражнение 444

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточных дополнительных предложений.

1. I felt that somebody touched me lightly on the shoulder. 2. He heard that someone called his name. 3. I saw that the telegraph boy handed the cable to the man. 4. They heard how the woman uttered a little exclamation. 5. I should like to see how he would say it to my face. 6. I expect that you will join our excursion. 7. We had not expected that she would reply, but she did. 8. We knew that he was a clever man. 9. I don't like it that you repeat this nonsense. 10. I hate it when people speak so cyni­cally. 11. We expect that everybody will be ready by seven. 12. They showed themselves even more narrow-minded than we had expected they would be. 13. We did not expect that he would return so soon. 14. He hated it when people argued about trifles.

Упражнение 445

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Он терпеть не мог, когда люди громко смея­лись. 2. Мама хотела, чтобы я полила цветы. 3. Я видел, как она вышла из трамвая и перешла улицу. 4. Я не ожидал, что моя сестра получит тройку. 5. Я знаю, что ваш друг — футболист-


профессионал. 6. Я хочу, чтобы это правило выу­чили. 7. Я слышал, как кто-то постучал в дверь. 8. Когда ты починишь свои часы? 9. Я знаю, что ваш брат болен. 10. Мама заставила меня поехать за город (на дачу). 11. Его родители не рассчитывали, что после школы он пойдет в университет. 12. Я заставлю его принести кни­гу завтра. 13. Я рассчитываю, что он мне позво­нит. 14. Мы хотели, чтобы они достигли успе­ха. 15. Мы бы не хотели, чтобы учитель поду­мал, что мы нарочно опоздали. 16. Он услы­шал, что кто-то зовет его по имени.

Упражнение 446

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я хочу, чтобы вы были более внимательны. 2. Я заставила ее выучить это стихотворение на­изусть. 3. Они не ожидали, что мы примем участие в обсуждении. 4. Она терпеть не может, когда люди жестоко обращаются с животными. 5. Шум самолета, летящего, высоко в небе, заставил его поднять голову. 6. Нам лучше бы войти в дом: я не хочу, чтобы вы простудились. 7. Я хочу, чтобы эту пьесу поставили в нашем школьном театре. 8. Где вы стрижетесь? 9. Я видела, как дети бегут к реке. 10. Я знаю, что она лучшая ученица. 11. Она слышала, как кто-то вошел в комнату. 12. Я бы хотела, чтобы вы провели лето с нами. 13. У этой кинозвезды украли мерседес несколько дней тому назад. 14. Мы ожидали, что делегация приедет в конце недели. 15. Мы заметили, что двое мужчин подозрительно себя ведут. 16. Я услышала, как разбилась моя хрустальная ваза.

366 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 447

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я не ожидал, что ты рассердишься. 2. Я не люблю, когда дети остаются одни. 3. Я рассчиты­ваю, что письмо придет завтра. 4. Доктор заста­вил меня принять лекарство. 5. Ваша мама уже сшила новое платье? 6. Я не выношу, когда теря­ют ключи. 7. Я хочу, чтобы диктант был написан хорошо. 8. Когда вы фотографировались? 9. Вера услышала, как что-то тяжелое упало на пол. 10. Мы знаем, что он великий музыкант. 11. Он наблюдал, как мы играем в шахматы. 12. Плохая погода за­ставила нас вернуться домой. 13. Вы видели, что­бы кто-нибудь дрался с ним? 14. Я не хотел, чтобы ты оставался во дворе. 15. Мы хотим, чтобы наши дети выросли активными и энергичными. 16. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы он пришел.

Упражнение 448

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я хочу, чтобы зарядку делали каждое утро.

  1. Вы бы хотели, чтобы я для вас станцевала?

  2. Бабушка не любит, когда кошка сидит на кро­вати. 4. Он почувствовал, как что-то тяжелое при­жимает его к полу. 5. Я хочу, чтобы вы перевели эту статью. 6. Она рассчитывала, что он пригла­сит ее в театр. 7. Учитель не хотел, чтобы мы оставались в классе. 8. Мальчик наблюдал, как его отец распрягает лошадь. 9. Когда она сшила это платье? 10. Буря заставила корабль вернуться в порт. 11. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь взял этот молоток? 12. Я рассчитываю, что ты останешься дома. 13. Вчера я сфотографировался. 14. Я тер-


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 367

петь не могу, когда собак держат на цепи. 15. Она не услышала, как заплакал ребенок. 16. Я знаю, что ваш брат — лучший ученик школы.

Упражнение 449

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я хочу сшить новое платье. 2. Я хочу, чтобы эти слова помнили. 3. Дождь заставил нас остать­ся дома. 4. Мы наблюдали, как корабль отплыва­ет. 5. Я терпеть не могу, когда бьют животных. 6. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь упал? 7. Все знают, что он трус. 8. Где вы фотографируетесь? 9. Я рас­считывал, что ты придешь вечером. 10. Я не люблю, когда ты получаешь плохие оценки. 11. Я рассчитывал, что папа принесет мне книги. 13. Я почувствовал, как что-то коснулось моих во­лос. 14. Мы часто слышали, как они спорят. 15. Она хотела, чтобы он понял это. 16. Он хотел уйти рано, но босс заставил его остаться.

Упражнение 450

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Папа заставил его переписать упражнение.

  1. Я хочу, чтобы ты написал бабушке письмо.

  2. Когда ты подстрижешься? 4. Он знает, что я большой театрал. 5. Мы рассчитывали, что пого­да переменится. 6. Учитель хотел, чтобы диктант переписали. 7. Я услышал, как что-то тяжелое упало на пол. 8. Я видел, как мальчик поскольз­нулся и упал. 9. Холодный ветер заставил его на­деть пальто. 10. Я хочу, чтобы вы поняли свою

368 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 369


ошибку. 11. Я знаю, что она умная. 12. Он рас­считывает, что я ему напишу. 13. Мы видели, как она переплыла реку. 14. Ты должен сегодня под­стричься. 15. Его семья не ожидала, что это слу­чится так скоро. 16. Мы наблюдали, как лучи сол­нечного света пляшут по водной глади.

Упражнение 451

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Он наблюдал, как рабочие разгружают гру­зовик. 2. Я знаю, что ваш отец — выдающийся спортсмен. 3. Моя подруга не хотела, чтобы я пи­сала это письмо. 4. Я должен завтра сфотографи­роваться. 5. Я хочу, чтобы мои книги вернули. 6. Я терпеть не могу, когда птиц держат в клет­ках. 7. Учитель заставил его повторить правило. 8. Она видела, что люди бегут по улице. 9. Я рас­считываю, что учитель поставит мне хорошую оценку. 10. Я не люблю, когда ты остаешься в школе после уроков. 11. Когда она подстрига­лась? 12. Я хочу, чтобы эту музыку играли каж­дый день. 13. Болезнь заставила его остаться дома. 14. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь вышел из комнаты? 15. Мама слышала, что мальчики так сказали? 16. Дети любят, когда им читают рассказы.

Упражнение 452

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Я знаю, что ваша сестра — прекрасная певица. 2. Мы рассчитываем, что корабль придет завтра.



  1. Я видел, как корабль исчез за горизонтом.

  2. Он услышал, как городские часы пробили две­надцать. 5. Мама хочет, чтобы мы поехали за го­род. 6. Дети хотели, чтобы елку поставили в са­мой большой комнате. 7. Мы рассчитывали, что он вернется в тот же день. 8. Я хочу, чтобы вы пошли со мной. 9. Я хочу, чтобы вы помогли мне. 10. Мама заставила меня поехать на дачу в воскре­сенье. 11. Я видел, как он прошел мимо. 12. Я ус­лышал, как дверь открылась. 13. Когда ты со­шьешь себе новое платье? 14. Вы не можете рас­считывать на то, чтобы он пришел и помог вам. 15. Полицейские знают, что он наркоделец, но еще его не поймали. 16. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы работа была закончена к воскресенью.

Упражнение 453

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Папа не хотел, чтобы Коля читал эту книгу. 2. Я терпеть не могу, когда ломают вещи. 3. Она хочет подстричься. 4. Я не люблю, когда Катя поет эту песню. 5. Все знают, что она очень смелая.

  1. Я рассчитывал, что ты приготовишь уроки.

  2. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь говорил с ним?

  3. Она наблюдала, как дети играют в лото. 9. Мама заставила его лечь в кровать. 10. Вы уже сфото­графировались? 11. Я хочу, чтобы обед приготови­ли вовремя. 12. Она хотела, чтобы он ее подвез? 13. Я знаю, что он капитан футбольной команды этой школы. 14. Она чувствовала, как слезы ка­тятся по ее щекам. 15. Мои друзья не хотели бы, чтобы она подумала, что они не оценили то, что она сделала. 16. Учитель не может рассчитывать, чтобы дети были спокойны все время.

370 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 454

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Мери заставила Тома вымыть руки и лицо снова. „Я хочу, чтобы ты был чистым", — сказа­ла она. 2. „Я хочу, чтобы пол был вымыт к вече­ру", — сказала мама. 3. Он слышал, как она взды­хала во сне. 4. Она была так занята своими мыс­лями, что не заметила, как я вошел. 5. Мы хоте­ли, чтобы они рассказали что-нибудь о себе.

  1. Я сшила себе новое платье на прошлой неделе.

  2. В детстве я любил, когда мама пела мне песни.

8. Она почувствовала, что кто-то подошел к ней,
но не повернулась. 9. Мальчик наблюдал, как ме­
ханик чинил холодильник. 10. Дэвид слышал, как
доктор вышел из комнаты матери и пошел вниз.
11. Никто не видел, как Джим вошел в дом. Никто
не ожидал, что он придет так рано. 12. „Я хочу,
чтобы все были счастливы", — сказал он. 13. „Вы
не можете заставить меня отдать вам ребенка", —
сказала мисс Бетси. 14. Сид видел, как Том вы­
прыгнул из окна. 15. Я знаю, что ваш папа высо­
кий. 16. Вы когда-нибудь видели, как он танцует
вальс?

Упражнение 455

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Солдат рассчитывал, что письмо прийдет через неделю. 2. Мы рассчитываем, что вы нас навестите в субботу. 3. Она слышала, как ее брат вошел в ком­нату. 4. Я заставлю тебя хорошо учиться. 5. Нина хочет, чтобы я тоже пришла. 6. Она чувствовала, как дрожат ее руки. 7. Я рассчитывал, что вы


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 371

придете вовремя. 8. Мой отец хочет, чтобы я изу­чил два иностранных языка. 9. Она не хотела, что-Лы я уезжал в Англию. 10. Я рассчитываю, что вы мне поможете. 11. Больной чувствовал, как силь­но бьется его сердце. 12. Я хочу, чтобы работа была сделана. 13. Мы видели, как он перешел через до­рогу. 14. Мы знаем, что он капитан большого кораб­ля. 15. Я не хотела, чтобы вы заучивали этот текст нпизусть. 16. Вы никогда не угадаете, где я сшила платье.

Упражнение 456

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Мы любили приходить в этот сад и наблюдать, как играют дети. 2. Когда Роберт вышел в коридор, он почувствовал, как кто-то дотронулся до его руки. 3. Она хотела, чтобы детей привели в зал. 4. Том был очень прилежным учеником и скоро за­ставил всех уважать себя. 5. Я не хочу заставлять вас делать это сразу. 6. Я хочу, чтобы ты сделала это сама. 7. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он ис­полняет эту вещь? 8. Я хочу, чтобы вы познакоми­ли меня со своим братом. 9. Я люблю, когда моя сестра разговаривает по-английски со своими друзь­ями. 10. Аня не ожидала, что книга будет такая интересная. 11. Я часто слышала, как он рассказы­вал студентам о своей родине. 12. Мы часто виде­ли, как они работают в читальном зале. 13. Когда вам починили машину? 14. Если я увижу Нину в библиотеке, я заставлю ее рассказать мне обо всем. 15. Я знаю, что эти люди — иностранные ту­ристы. 16. Мама хочет, чтобы ты не вмешивался не в свое дело.

372 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 373


Упражнение 457

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Он хочет, чтобы письма принесли в его комнату. 2. Мы знаем, что они очень заняты. 3. Я хочу сфотографироваться. 4. Я знаю, что он большой театрал. 5. Я рассчитываю, что ты напишешь мне письмо. 6. Он услышал, что кто-то входит в комнату. 7. Я не люблю, когда ребенок играет с собакой. 8. Я терпеть не могу, когда рвут книги. 9. Гаррис не хотел, чтобы его жена спры­гивала с велосипеда. 10. Где вы шьете платья? 11. Мама заставила его надеть пальто. 12. Мать на­блюдала, как ребенок идет по комнате. 13. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь вошел в класс? 14. Он подстригся вчера. 15. Если вы хотите, чтобы я вам помогла, дайте мне знать. 16. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки.

Упражнение 458

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Вы видели, как кошка поймала мышку? 2. Мне хочется, чтобы вы зашли ко мне сегодня вечером. 3. Я не спал и слышал, как кто-то вошел к нам в купе. 4. Я видел, как они вместе шли по улице. 5. Никто никогда не слышал, как она чи­тает стихи. 6. Это заставило меня подумать, как исправить ошибку. 7. Интересно, что заставило его отказаться от поездки в Крым. 8. Библиотекарь рассчитывала, что студенты возвратят книги во­время. 9. Я хочу, чтобы письма написали сегод­ня. 10. Профессор хочет, чтобы я еще поработал над докладом. 11. Мы рассчитываем, что вы по­едете с нами на юг. 12. Они не хотят, чтобы мы


»то делали. 13. Художник наблюдал, как желтые листья падают на землю. 14. Заходите, я рассчи­тываю, что мой брат скоро вернется. 15. Ты уже починил свой видеомагнитофон? 16. Что застави­ло передумать моего дядю?

Упражнение 459

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

1. Наша микроволновая печь сломалась. Мне придется починить ее. 2. Дождь заставил нас по­вернуть назад. 3. Она почувствовала, как кто-то коснулся ее руки. 4. Мы услышали, как зазвонил звонок. 5. Болезнь брата заставила ее поехать в Киев. 6. Мы видели, как этот человек вошел в офис. 7. Мой друг хочет, чтобы я к нему пришел. 8. Я знаю, что ваш друг — очень искусный фо­тограф. 9. Мы рассчитываем, что вы примете участие в концерте. 10. Я знаю, что ты мой друг. 11. Мама хотела, чтобы картошку купили на рынке. 12. Я хочу, чтобы эти книги были возвра­щены. 13. Она рассчитывает, что учитель ее спро­сит. 14. Я хочу, чтобы вы съездили во Францию. 15. Мы заставили его заниматься английским язы­ком. 16. Мы видели, как он входил в офис.

Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 375

СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ (COMPLEX SUBJECT)

Не is said to know six languages.

Говорят, что он знает шесть языков.

Не was said to know six languages.

Говорили, что он знает шесть языков.

Не is said to have gone to London.

Говорят, что он уехал в Лондон.

Не was said to have gone to London.

Говорили, что он уехал в Лондон.

Обратите внимание, что сказуемое выражено глаголом в Passive Voice.



Следующая таблица поможет вам переводить

предложения, содержащие Complex Subject.

Не was said to work a lot.

Говорили, что он


много работает.

... was said to ...

Говорили, что...

... was seen to ...

Видели, что...

... was heard to ...

Слышали, что...

... was supposed to ...

Предполагали, что...

... was believed to ...

Полагали, что...

... was expected to ...

Ожидали, что...

... was reported to ...

Сообщали, что...

... was considered to ...

Считали, что...

... was thought to ...

Думали, что...

... was found to ...

Обнаружили, что...

... was announced to ...

Объявили, что...

... was known to ...

Было известно, что...

Упражнение 460

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. Не is said to know all about it. 2. He was said to have known the whole truth about it. 3. Juri Gagarin is known to be the first man in the world to travel into space on the 12th of April, 1961. 4. He is supposed to be a very good film actor. 5. He is believed to be innocent of the crime. 6. Innocent people were announced to have been murdered by terrorists. 7. The terrorist was announced to have been killed by his own bomb. 8. The exhibition of 19th-century French painting is expected to open by the end of next week. 9. Monet's painting is re­ported to be on exhibition until the end of the month. 10. The President of Russia was reported to speak to the nation on television tonight. 11. The Ameri-

376 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

can astronaut Neil Armstrong is known to be the .first man to walk on the moon in 1969. 12. He is considered to be the richest man in the world. 13. She is said to borrow money but not bother to return it. 14. You are expected to be an obedient and smart boy. 15. The students were supposed to come on time and take part in the marathon. 16. You are sup­posed to check your change before you leave the cashier. 17. He was expected to pass the mathemat­ics exam. 18. Mother is said to know the right thing to do. 19. Sergei is thought to have a gift for languages. His English is known to be excellent. 20. Anna Mutter is believed to be one of the finest violinists in the world. 21. Leonardo da Vinci is known to be a great Italian painter of the Renais­sance. The Mona Lisa is considered to be one of his most famous works. 22. True friends are known to be like diamonds, precions but rare. False friends are said to be like autumn leaves found everywhere.

Упражнение 461

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. Many books are known to be published in our country every year. 2. You are supposed to gradu­ate in four years. 3. Radium is said to be very ra­dioactive. 4. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory. 5. His invention is considered to be of great importance. 6. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 7. The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 8. This type of rocket is supposed to have many advantages. 9. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. 10. The helium atom was found to have two electrons. 11. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said


Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 377

nothing. 12. He was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. 13. He is said to be a good translator. 14. Roberta was known to be an honest and hard-working girl. 15. Clyde was ex­pected to arrive at the weekend. 16. Becky and Tom were supposed to have stayed at the widow Douglas'. 17. The number of the unemployed is reported to be increasing with every year. 18. Many new textbooks are expected to be published soon. 19. The Moscow Underground is said to be the fin­est in the world. 20. A hare is known to run very fast. 21. The man was seen to take off his coat. 22. The diamond content of the mines in Western Yakutia is said to be in no way inferior to that of the world-famous South African mines. 23. My close friend is known to have learned "Eugene On-egin" by heart. 24. These devices are considered to be very effective.

Упражнение 462

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя сложное подлежащее.

E.g. We heard that a car stopped outside the door. A car was heard to stop outside the door. It is believed that the poem was written

by Byron. The poem /s believed to have been written

by Byron.

1. People consider the climate there to be very healthy. 2. It was announced that the Chinese danc­ers were arriving next week. 3. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 4. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 5. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 6. It is supposed that the playwright is work-

378 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 379


ing at a new comedy. 7. It is reported that the flood has caused much damage to the crops. 8.. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 10. Scientists consider that electricity exists through­out space. 11. It is said that the wea-ther in Europe was exceedingly hot last summer. 12. It was reported that five ships were missing after the battle.

Следующие глаголы в предложениях, содержащих Complex Subject, употребляются в Active Voice:

to seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen

Упражнение 463

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. This work seems to take much time. 2. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 6. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 7. Clyde appeared to have for­gotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 8. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 9. One day a Hare happened to meet a Tor­toise. 10. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 11. The Hare turned out to be the loser of the race. 12. The apparatus seemed to be in excel­lent condition. 13. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 14. The new meth-


odfl of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low. 16. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out to be in one of the hack streets. 18. He appeared to be an ideal man. 19. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I sug­gest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the po­liceman. 22. You can easily get in through the win­dow if the door happens to be locked. 23. The peas­ants did not seem to see her. 24. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25. You don't seem to have done any great thing for yourself by going away. 26. "Jim," he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him.

Упражнение 464

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя сложное подлежащее.

E.g. It appeared that they had lost the way. They appeared to have lost the way.

1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the dis­cussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It hap­pened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversa­tion. 10. It turned out that my prediction was cor­rect. 11. It turned out that the language of the ar­ticle was quite easy.

380 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 381


Запомните следующие предложения, содержащие Complex Subject:

Не is likely to win the prize. Похоже, что он

выиграет приз.

Не is sure to come. Он обязательно придет.

Упражнение 465

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на словосочетания to be likely to, to be sure to.

1. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don't ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to meet again, she saw Clyde's face suddenly brighten. 4. If we go on ar­guing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal. 8. Mr. Wor­thing is sure to be back soon. 9. These two young people are sure to be very good friends. 10. You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren't you? 11. She is not likely to change her opinion. 12. They were sure to come to an understanding. 13. Don't worry: everything is sure to turn out all right. 14. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandmother.

Упражнение 466

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

1. Говорят, что это здание было построено в XVII веке. 2. Предполагают, что заседание закон­чится в десять часов. 3. Никак не ожидали, что


холодная погода наступит так рано. 4. Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 5. Вы, кажет­ся, устали. 6. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 7. Вы случайно не знаете этого человека? 8. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась скучной. 9. Новые автобусы ока­зались очень удобными. 10. Из трех сестер Брон-те Шарлотта считается наиболее талантливой.

  1. Как известно, английская писательница Вой-нич жила в течение нескольких лет в Петербурге и изучала русскую литературу. Считают, что рус­ская литература оказала влияние на ее творчество.

  2. Ваш приятель, кажется, очень интересуется древней историей. 13. Известно, что римляне по­строили на Британских островах хорошие дороги. 14. Полагают, что поэма „Беовульф" была напи­сана в VIII веке. 15. Вальтер Скотт считается со­здателем историче-ского романа. 16. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 17. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 18. Он ока­зался хорошим спортсменом. 19. Он, кажется, пишет новую статью: кажется, он работает над ней уже две недели. 20. Я случайно встретил его в Москве. 21. Полагают, что они знают об этом больше, чем хотят показать. 22. Джим оказался храбрым мальчиком. 23. Рочестер случайно встретил Джейн по дороге домой. 24. Говорят, что он работает над своим изобретением уже несколь­ко лет. 25. Говорят, что эта статья переведена на все языки мира. 26. Вы, кажется, много читали до поступления в университет.

УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.

СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕ "I WISH"


Запомните три типа условных предложений:


Ill


If the weather /s fine, we shall play out­side.

If you ring me u&, I shall tell you some­thing.

If the weather were fine, we should play outside.

If you rang me up, I should tell you something.

If the weather had been fine, we should have played outside.

If you had rung me up. I should have told you something.


Если погода будет хоро­шая, мы будем играть на открытом воздухе.

Если ты мне позвонишь, я тебе кое-что расскажу.

Если бы погода была хо­рошая (сегодня; завтра), мы бы играли на открытом воздухе.

Если бы ты мне позвонил (сегодня, завтра), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.

Если бы погода была хо­рошая (вчера), мы бы игра­ли на открытом воздухе.

Если бы ты мне позво­нил (вчера), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.


Условные предложения 383

Упражнение 467

Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложе­ние три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you. If you are free, I shall come to see you. If you were free, I should come to see you. If you had been free, I should have come to

see you. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad. If I see her, I shall be glad. If I saw her, I should be glad. If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systemat­ically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Mos­cow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmon­ic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Упражнение 468

Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия:

a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему
(
II тип);

b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mis­take. 3. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения


385


wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up?

Упражнение 469

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред­ложения I типа, используя подстановочную табли­цу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)



If I

live in the south,

I shall bathe every day.


come home late,


go to bed at once.


live in the country,


often go to the wood.


go to the wood,


gather many mushrooms.


receive his letter,


be very happy.


fall ill,


go to the doctor.


find my book,


be very glad.


lose my money,


be very sorry.


see my friend,

ask his advice.

Упражнение 470

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред­ложения II типа, используя подстановочную табли­цу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)

I wish

in the south

I should

bathe every day.

I were

at home

in the country


go to bed.

go to the wood.

If I were


in the wood


gather many mushrooms.


at the camp


have a very good time.


a scientist


invent a time machine.


a composer


write beautiful music.


a poet


write beautiful poetry.


a writer


write interesting novels.


a spaceman


fly to other planets.


a sailor


sail to Africa.


Упражнение 471

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред­ложения III типа, используя подстановочную таб­лицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)



I wish

translated the ar-

I should

found out all about

I had

ticle yesterday met you yesterday

have

this discovery, told you something.

If I had


read this new book


told you about it.


seen your brother


asked him to come


yesterday


to our place.


bought a diction-


translated the text.


ary




learned my lesson


got a good mark.


rung him up yes-


found out all about


terday


his illness.


gone to the library


got that book.


had more practice


won the game yes-


in chess


terday.


joined you in


caught a lot of fish.


fishing




had a ticket yes-


gone to the theatre


terday


with you.


asked you to help me


done the work well.


called at that shop


bought the book.


called on my friend


met interesting


yesterday


people.


won the champion-


been sent abroad.


ship




heard about it yes-


been pleased.


terday



13 Ю. Голицынский

386 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения


387


Упражнение 472

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so care­less about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the compo­sition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Упражнение 473

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day, you (to im­prove) your language skills. 6. If you get a "five", your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earli-


er, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 12. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation. 15. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I were a famous singer, I (to get)-* lot of flowers every day.

Упражнение 474

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course. 2. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text. 7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 13. You won't understand the rule if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren't such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so

388 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения 389


much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.

Упражнение 475

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more coura­geous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to put) the ice cream into the refrigera­tor, it would not have melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.

10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

11. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able
to enjoy Byron's poetry. 12. I (not to do) it if you
did not ask me. 13. If men (to have) no weapons,
would wars be possible? 14. You will never finish
your work if you (to waste) your time like that.
15. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should eas­
ily settle this matter with him.

Упражнение 476

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morn­ing exercises every day, your health would be much


better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood this diffi­cult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really loved music, you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had ar­rived on time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the paper successfully. 14. If you had writ­ten the paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.

Упражнение 477

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be can­celled. 2. If a dog (to bite) in her leg, she would go straight to hospital. 3. If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his umbrella to work today. 4. If only I (to have) more pocket money, I could buy some new English books. 5. If she hadn't missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work. 6. If I (to live) two hundred years ago, I couldn't have spoken on the telephone. 7. If my daughter did her homework care­fully, she (to get) much better marks. She's really a smart little girl. 8. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would have gone to the cinema last night. 9. If my cactus plant (not to have) a rare

390 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения


391


disease, it wouldn't have died. 10. If they had re­membered your address, they (to send) you a post­card. 11. If Tom saw a car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the people in the cars. 12. If you are not sure, what to say, you (to have) to guess. 13. If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn't have been absent from English classes all last week. 14. If my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play last night. 15. If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he would defend himself. 16. If he hadn't been so careless, he (not to fall) into this trap. 17. If you (not to smoke), you would feel more energetic. 18. If her alarm clock (to ring), she would have been on time for work this morning.

Упражнение 478

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If you were on a hijacked plane, you (to attack) the hijackers? 2. If they were on a hijacked plane, they (to stay) calm and probably (to survive). 3. If my friend had been trying harder, he (to succeed). 4. If I (to live) in 1703,1 shouldn't (wouldn't')1 have had a computer. 5. If she (to smell) smoke in the middle of the night, she would telephone the fire brigade and run into the street and shout, "Fire!" 6. If he (to invite), he would have come to the party last Sunday. 7. If the driver in front hadn't stopped suddenly, the accident (not to happen). 8. If you (not to know) how to play, my sister will explain the rules to you. 9. If she had told them it was her birthday,

'В современном английском языке имеется тенденция к употреблению "would" вместо "should" с первым лицом един­ственного и множественного числа в главном предложении условных придаточных предложений II и III типов. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use" a book for intermediate students: Unit 38 — If I knew his number, I would phone him.


they (to give) her a birthday present. 10. If I had more time, I (to read) more books. 11. If their TV had been working, they (to watch) the President's speech last night. 12. If my T-shirt hadn't been 100 percent cotton, it (not to shrink) so much. 13. How can you become more popular in your class: if you (to get) the top mark in mathematics or En­glish or if you (to be) good at sports? 14. If they (to go) by car, they would have saved time. 15. If I (to be) a bird, I would1 be able to fly. 16. If he (to bring) his book home, he would have done his homework last night. 17. If my mother (to win) a million pounds, she would spend it as fast as possible. 18. If you had been feeling well, you (to be) in class yesterday.

Упражнение 479

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. I am sorry that you do not read English nov­els; if you (to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 2. You say that you did not read yesterday's papers; if you (to read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X's coming to our town. 3. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much. 4. He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match. 5. How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 6. I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I (not to come)? 7. Let's take a taxi to the railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk). 8. Stop work­ing and let's go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work. 9.1 don't believe you: you only say that you want to know

1 См. примечание на стр. 390.

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languages. If you (to be) really interested in lan­guages, you (to study) them.

Упражнение 480

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If ... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If ... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If ... 4. He speaks En­glish badly: he has no practice. If ... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If ... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If ... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If ... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... 9. The sea is rough, and we can­not sail to the island. If ... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If ... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If ... 12. I was expect­ing my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If ... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If ... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dic­tionary. If ... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If ...

Упражнение 481

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If ... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical


plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If ... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If ... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If ... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If ... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If ... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If ... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If ... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If ...

Упражнение 482

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Phil­harmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.

  1. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.

  2. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Span­ish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's

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party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortu­nate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Упражнение 483

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday's party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend's birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last week­end. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night. 12.1 wish I (to bring) my cam­era last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.

Упражнение 484

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя "I wish".

E.g. It's a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won't return before Christ­mas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor


knowledge at the exam. 3. It's a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It's a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It's a pity we shan't be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don't know enough physics.

Упражнение 485

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "1 wish".

  1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный, б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.

  2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета, б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.

  3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно, б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.

  4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.

б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.

5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
б) К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Упражнение 486

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "I wish".

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были ка­никулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером!

  1. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета.

  2. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пик­нике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет.


  1. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты.

  2. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что

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397


вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы на­писали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не об­ратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она де­лает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не зас­тали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рас­сказала нам эту историю раньше.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи

употребления времен в условных предложениях

// и /// типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up. yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (// тип), а следствие к прошедшему (/// тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (/// тип), а следствие к настоящему (// тип).

Упражнение 487

Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a tooth­ache. If ... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled.


If ... 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If ... 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress re­hearsal. If ... 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If ... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If ... 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If ... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If ... 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to un­derstand this difficult material. If ... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If ... 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If ... 12. She won't try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If ...

Упражнение 488

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встрети­ли, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на ва­шем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстро­ит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне по­могли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень бла­годарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в го­лову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сдела­ли работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свобод­ны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спор­тивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успе­ха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль,

398 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был ум­нее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечатель­ный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

Упражнение 489

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней. 2. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале. 3. Если бы я жил близ­ко, я бы чаще заходил к вам. 4. Если бы вы не пре­рвали нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок. 5. Если бы он не следовал советам врача, он бы не поправился так быстро. 6. Если бы он не был та­лантливым художником, его картину не приняли бы на выставку. 7. Если бы вы тогда послушались моего совета, вы бы не были сейчас в таком затруд­нительном положении. 8. Если бы я не был так за­нят в эти дни, я бы помог тебе вчера. 9. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы узнал меня вчера в те­атре. 10. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера. 11. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал. 12. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома. 13. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину. 14. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители ку­пили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся музыкантом.


МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

CAN

Возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею)

I can play the piano. I cannot swim.

(умею) (не умею)

He can answer the He cannot understand,

question, (может) (не может)

Can you sing? (умеете?) Can you help me? (можете?)

I could not ski when I was little, (не умел) She could not jump so high, (не могла)

Упражнение 490

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Her grandmother can knit very well. 2. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 3. This trip is too expensive for me. I can't afford it. 4. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she's looking for. 5. Can you go to have lunch with me? — I'm sorry. I can't. 6. Mike can run very fast. 7. They can understand French. 8. Kate can speak English well. 9. My broth-

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401


er can come and help you in the garden. 10. Can you speak Spanish? 11. Can your brother help me with mathematics? 12. His little sister can walk al­ready. 13. The children cannot carry this box: it is too heavy. 14. My friend cannot come in time. 15. This old woman cannot sleep at night. 16. His sis­ter can cook very well. 17. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 18. Can't you wait till tomorrow morning? — I can wait, but my toothache can't.

Упражнение 491

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол can (could).

1. Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по-немецки. 3. Ты умеешь го­ворить по-французски? 4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках. 5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку? 6. Я не могу выпить это молоко. 7. Она не может вас понять. 8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 9. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею. 10. Вы не можете мне ска­зать, как доехать до вокзала? 11. Не могли ли бы вы мне помочь? 12. Я не могу перевести это пред­ложение. 13. Никто не мог мне помочь. 14. Где тут можно купить хлеб? 15. Твоя бабушка умела танцевать, когда была молодая? — Да, она и сей­час умеет.

ТО BE ABLE TO

Эквивалент глагола CAN

Не is able to do it. (может, в состоянии) Не was able to do it yesterday, (мог) He will be able to do it tomorrow, (сможет) He has been able to swim since childhood.

(умеет с детства)


Упражнение 492

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя вы­ражение to be able to.

1. Она не сможет вовремя добраться до аэропор­та. 2. Ты сможешь отправить ему электронную почту сегодня вечером? 3. Они какое-то время не смогут смотреть телевизор, с ним что-то случи­лось. 4. Боюсь, что он не сможет помочь мне пе­реехать в новый дом на следующей неделе. 5. Ты сможешь сделать эту работу завтра? 6. Я думаю, она не сумеет решить эту задачу. 7. Завтра я буду свободен и смогу помочь тебе. 8. Мы сможем по­ехать в Нью-Йорк в будущем году? 9. Ты сможешь починить мой магнитофон? 10. Вчера я не смог повидать директора, так как он был на конферен­ции, но сегодня после работы я смогу это сделать.

Упражнение 493

Перепишите следующие предложения, добавляя слова, данные в скобках. Замените модальный гла­гол can (could) выражением to be able to, где это необходимо.

1. They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 2. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics). 3. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last examination). 4. We can pass to the next exer­cise (when we have done this one). 5. I can give you my book for a couple of days (after I have read it). 6. He can ski (for ten years). 7. We knew that she could swim (since childhood). 8. You cannot take part in this serious competition (until you have mastered good skills). 9. I could not solve the prob­lem (before he explained it to me).

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Модальные глаголы


403


MAY

Разрешение (можно)

You may take my pen. (можете) You may not touch it. (нельзя) May I come in? (можно?)

В косвенной речи: Mother said that I might play.

(сказала, что можно)

Предположение (может быть)

It may rain soon, (может быть, пойдет дождь) Be careful: you may fall, (можешь упасть)

Упражнение 494

Переведите на русский язык.

1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. Don't go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6. May I take Pete's bag? 7. Don't give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. May we take notes with a pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is red. 10. May I shut the door? 11. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we might go out. 12. May children play with scissors? 13. They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 14. It may be true. 15. May I come and see you? 16. Where have you been, may I ask?

Упражнение 495

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол may.

1. Можно мне войти? 2. Можно, я пойду гу­лять? 3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти


домой. 4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти до­мой. 5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купать­ся. 6. Папа сказал, что мы можем идти в кино одни. 7. Я думал, что мне можно смотреть теле­визор. 8. Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты мо­жешь заболеть. 9. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа. 10. Будь осто­рожен: ты можешь упасть. 11. Не трогай собаку: она может укусить тебя. 12. Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье. 13. Он может за­быть об этом. 14. Скоро может пойти дождь. 15. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем рано уйти се­годня. 16. Он, может быть, и знает эту проблему, поэтому он, может быть, и знает ответ на этот вопрос, но я не очень уверена. 17. Если хотите, можете идти сейчас. 18. Где они сейчас живут? — Они, может быть, и живут сейчас за границей, но я не очень уверена.

ТО BE ALLOWED TO

Эквивалент глагола MAY

We are allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешают) We were allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешили) We shall be allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешат)

Упражнение 496

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя вы­ражение to be allowed to.

1. Курить воспрещается. 2. Ему не позволили курить у них в доме. 3. В Англии вам разрешат водить машину, если вам 17 лет. 4. В США вам разрешают продолжать ездить на машине даже в возрасте 90 лет. 5. Мне разрешают пользоваться папиным магнитофоном. 6. Дети уже большие. Им разрешают ходить в школу одним. 7. Ему не раз-

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Модальные глаголы


405


решают купаться в этой реке. 8. Вчера ей позво­лили прийти домой в десять часов. 9. Нам не поз­воляют разговаривать на уроках. 10. Тебе позво­лили взять эту книгу? 11. Я думаю, мне не разре­шат поехать с тобой за город. 12. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты сделаешь уроки. 13. Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро, когда ты был малень­кий? 14. Когда мне позволят есть мороженое? 15. Вам не разрешается разговаривать на экзамене.

Упражнение 497

Вставьте модальный глагол may (might) или выражение to be allowed to. Вставляйте to be al­lowed to только в тех случаях, где may (might) упо­требить нельзя.

1. Не ... go home if he likes. 2. As soon as the boy ... leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 3. The doctor says I am much better. I ... get up for a few hours every day. 4. ... I bring my sister to the party? 5. He asked if he ... bring his sister to the party. 6. After they had finished their homework, the children ... watch TV. 7. He ... join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 8. Becky's mother said that everybody ... take part in the pic­nic. 9. If you pass your exams, you ... go to the south. 10. ... I borrow your car, please? 11. He asked if he ... borrow my car. 12. ... I have a look at your newspaper?

Упражнение 498

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

1. ... you see anything in this inky darkness? 2. You ... go when you have finished your composi­tions. 3. What shall we do if the train is late? It ...


be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we've had. 4. When ... you come and see me? — Let me see: I... not come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday I'll find time. Yes, you ... expect me on Sunday about three o'clock. Will that be all right? 5. You ... come in when you have tak­en off your boots. 6. Be careful: you ... spill the milk if you carry it like that. 7. Most children ... slide on the ice very well. 8. I don't think I ... be here by eleven o'clock tomorrow, but I ... be.

Упражнение 499

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

1. ... I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I ... be able to help you. 3. I ... not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I ... stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am go­ing to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes ... get books there. 5. I ... come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat with you: it ... rain today. 7. Do you think you ... do that? 8. I ... finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more. 9. ... we come and see you next Sunday at three o'clock in the afternoon? 10. What time is it? — It ... be about six o'clock, but I am not sure. 11. Only a person who knows the language very well ... answer such a question.

Упражнение 500

Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can (could).

1. ... you help me? 2. I ... not imagine her speak­ing in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Some-

406 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы


407


thing was wrong with the car: he ... not start it. 4.-A fool ... ask more questions than a wise man ... answer. 5. She asked me if she ... use my telephone. 6. ... I use your pen? 7. ... I find a pen on that ta­ble? 8. You ... read this book: you know the lan­guage well enough. 9. You ... take this book: I don't need it. 10. ... I help you? 11. ... I ask you to help me? 12. The school was silent: nothing ... be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting ... be end­less, you know. 14. ... you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They ... think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he ... find in the rich university library.

MUST

Долженствование

You must respect your parents, (должны) You must not go there, (нельзя) Must I learn it by heart? (должен?)

Предположение (должно быть) It must be cold outside, (должно быть)

Упражнение 501

Переведите на русский язык.

1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.


5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9.1 must help my mother today. 10. Don't worry! This is not important. — Not important! You must be joking! 11. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 12. You must not argue with the boss. 13. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 14. You must stop smok­ing! If you don't, you're going to have serious prob­lems with your lungs some day.

Упражнение 502

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол must.

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим англий­ским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учите­ля на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязан­ностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 8. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 9. Должно быть, очень трудно решать та­кие задачи. 10. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 11. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 12. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 13. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 14. Вы не долж­ны опаздывать. 15. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня ве­чером я должен написать ей письмо. 16. Эта кни­га очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 17. Не­ужели вам надо уже уходить? 18. Я должен при­знать, что я неправ.

408 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы


409


ТО HAVE TO

Эквивалент глагола MUST

I have to go there.

(надо)

I had to go there.

(пришлось)

I shall have to go there.

(придется)

I don't have to go there.

(не надо)

I didn't have to go there.

(не пришлось)

I shan't have to go there.

(не придется)

i

Do you have to go there? (надо?) Did you have to go there? (пришлось?) Will you have to go there? (придется?)

Упражнение 503

Переведите на русский язык.

1. I have not written the composition. I shall have to write it on Sunday. 2. We did not have to buy bis­cuits because our granny had baked a delicious pie. 3. Will you have to get up early tomorrow? 4. I had to do a lot of homework yesterday. 5. She had to stay at home because she did not feel well. 6. Pete had to stay at home because it was very cold. 7. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it at home. 8. They had to call the doctor be­cause the grandmother was ill. 9. Why did you have to stay at home yesterday? — Because my parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister. 10. It was Sunday yesterday, so he didn't have to be at work, but he had to do a lot at home. 11. I am sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I had to work late. 12. Why do you have to get up early to­morrow? 13. I had to go to the hospital to visit my aunt. 14. What did you have to learn by heart? — At school, I had to learn a beautiful poem "Leisure" by William Henry Davies.


Упражнение 504

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени.

1. It is quite clear to everyboby in the family that he must start getting ready for his exam instead of wasting time. 2. It is impossible to do anything in such a short time. I must ask the chief to put off my report. 3. I don't mean that you must do every­thing they tell you. 4. It is already twenty minutes past eight. You must go or you will be late for the first lesson. 5.1 am very tired. I feel I must go to bed at once, or I shall fall asleep where I am sitting. 6. We can't wait for them any longer, we must ring them up and find out what has happened. 7. I am thinking hard, trying to find a solution of the prob­lem. There must be a way out.

Упражнение 505

Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды: в прошедшем и в будущем времени. Заменяй­те модальные глаголы must и сап эквивалентами, где необходимо.

1. You must listen to the tape recording of this text several times. 2. You must take your exam in English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. We can't meet them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine the child. 6. He must work systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more time in the open air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this work. 10. He can't join the party because he is busy.

410 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы


411


Упражнение 506

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол must или его эквивалент to have to.

1. Я должна пойти в магазин сегодня.

сварить обед сделать уроки пойти в школу написать письмо брату

2. Мне придется пойти в магазин завтра.

сварить обед сделать уроки пойти в школу написать письмо брату

3. Мне пришлось пойти в магазин вчера.

сварить обед сделать уроки пойти в школу написать письмо брату

Упражнение 507

Переведите на английский язык следующие воп­росы и ответьте на них.

  1. Что вы должны сделать сегодня?

  2. Что вам придется сделать завтра?

  3. Что вам пришлось сделать вчера?

Упражнение 508

Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами сап, may или must.

1. What ... we see on this map? 2. ... you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately I ... . 3. At what time ... you come to school? 4. ... I come in? 5. You ...


not smoke here. 6. ... I take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it. 7. He ... not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I ... go. 9. They ... not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You ... read this text: it is easy enough. 11. She ... still live in Paris. 12. He is busy. He ... be writing a book about his travels. 13. But he is happy. He ... enjoy life. 14. My friend Danielle isn't a famous artist. But she ... even paint Russian icons. I ... only admire her beautiful pictures. She ... be a woman of great talents. She ... speak German, French and English. She ... translate a lot of articles for the Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She ... also teach these languages at school. She is fantastic. I am fas­cinated by everything that she does.

Упражнение 509

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы must, may или сап.

1. Можно мне взять вашу книгу? 2. На уроке английского языка вы должны говорить только по-английски. 3. Мы должны сегодня сдать тетра­ди? 4. Можно мне задать вам вопрос? — Пожалуй­ста. 5. Я не могу пойти с вами в кино, так как я очень занят. 6. Можно здесь курить? — Пожалуй­ста. 7. Он сейчас должен быть в своем кабинете. Вы можете поговорить с ним. 8. Можно войти? — Пожалуйста. 9. Вы должны прочитать этот текст.

10. Может ли он выполнить это задание?

  1. Я должен сегодня поговорить со своим другом.

  2. Мы должны заплатить за электричество к кон­цу месяца. 13. Эта женщина — прекрасный води­тель. Она может водить даже автобус. 14. Можно мне бутерброд с тунцом и чашечку кофе?

412 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы


413


ТО HAVE ТО ТО BE TO

Необходимость

ТО HAVE TO вынужденная необходимость

ТО BE TO1 необходимость по договоренности, плану или приказу

I have to go there. I had to go there.

должен (вынужден) пришлось

I am to go there. I was to go there.

должен, предстоит, предстояло
(договорились, или
такое
расписание)

Упражнение 510

Переведите на русский язык.

1. I was to wait for her at the railway station.

  1. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon.

  2. We were to get there before the others. 4. He was to tell her where to find us. 5. She was to graduate that year. 6. She was to wear that dress at the grad­uation party. 7. He is to come here at five o'clock. 8. The train was to leave at 5 am. 9. They were to start on Monday. 10. He was to telephone the mo­ment she was out of danger. 11. Roses were to be planted round the pond. 12. There was to be a di­scussion later on.

1 TO BE может употребляться как модальный глагол толь­ко в двух временах: Present Simple и Past Simple.


Упражнение 511

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол to be to.

E.g. 1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight. The lecture is to begin at eight.

  1. I expect her to come and help. She is to come and help.

  2. It was planned that we should wait for them at the door.

We were to wait for them at the door.

4) It was arranged that he should meet her at
the station.

He was to meet her at the station.

5) Who will take care of the children?
Who
is to take care of the children?

1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early? 2. It was arranged that the youngest children would play on the beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. Where am I supposed to be taken? 6. This is Dora. It is arranged that she will share the room with you. 7. And who will do the cooking? 8. It is expected that two more apartment houses will be built here. 9. It was arranged that the cup final would be played that afternoon. 10. Who will meet you at the station?

Упражнение 512

Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to.

1. Where ... the lecture to take place? — I sup­pose in the assembly hall. 2. So, our plan is as fol­lows: I ... to go to the library and bring.the books.

414 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы


415


You ... to look through all the material here. Later we ... to work together. 3. "You ... to do it alone, without anybody's help," she said sternly. 4. I ... to help my friends with this work now, so I cannot go with you. 5. It was raining hard and we ... to wait until it stopped raining. 6. I ... to ask him about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone. 7. Why didn't you tell me that I ... to buy the books? 8. Ac­cording to the order of the schoolmistress all the pupils ... to return the library books before the twenty-third of May. 9. As we had agreed before, we ... to meet at two o'clock to go to the stadium together. But Mike did not come. I waited for an­other half hour, but then I ... to leave as I was afraid to be late. 10. The meeting ... to begin at five o'clock. Don't be late.

Упражнение 513

Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to.

1. She ... to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. They decided that she ... to send them a telegram every tenth day. 3. You ... to learn all the new words for the next lesson. 4. Do you know this man? He ... to be our new teacher of history. 5. Who ... to go to the library to get the new books? — I was, but I couldn't because I ... to finish some work at the language laboratory. 6. It is raining. You ... to put on your raincoat. 7. "The pa­tient ... to stay in bed for a few days," ordered the doctor. 8. The child had stomach trouble and ... to take castor oil. 9. I told her she ... to open the win­dow for a while every day. 10. The agreement was that if Johnny White could not repay the money he had borrowed, then Luke Flint ... to have the right


to sell the land. 11. If I don't ring up before six o'clock, then you ... to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the entrance. Is that clear? 12. The planters ... to gather their cotton at once, as they had been warned that heavy rains were ex­pected. 13. I ... to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 14. Johnny White ... to borrow from Luke Flint at a high interest, for there was no one else in the district who lent money. 15. "Cheating is a very nasty thing," said the teacher, "and we ... to get rid of it."

Упражнение 514

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы to have to или to be to.

1. Вам предстоит выучить это стихотворение к среде. 2. Мне задали выучить это стихотворение к среде. 3. Мне пришлось выучить это стихотворе­ние к среде. 4. Мне придется выучить это стихо­творение к среде. 5. Ему приходится учить это сти­хотворение сегодня, так как он не выучил его вче­ра. 6. Вам не придется учить это стихотворение. 7. Мне не пришлось учить это стихотворение. 8. Так как он выучил это стихотворение вчера, ему не нужно учить его теперь. 9. На этой неделе нам пред­стоит встретиться с выдающимся ученым. 10. Вы­хода не было, и ему пришлось заплатить штраф. 11. Мне было задано написать сочинение о твор­честве Пушкина, а для этого мне пришлось пере­читать некоторые из его произведений, которые я плохо помнил. 12. Мне придется посидеть дома эти дни. Врач говорит, что я не должен никуда выходить, пока температура не будет нормаль­ной. 13. Посидите здесь, пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать. 14. Спектакль дол­жен был начаться в семь часов. 15. Мы должны

416 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы


All


были отложить поездку, так как погода испорти­лась. 16. Если вы хотите хорошо овладеть языком, вы должны очень много читать. 17. По новому рас­писанию у нас будет пять уроков английского язы­ка в неделю. 18. Мы решили, что школьный ор­кестр должен играть на концерте. 19. Рано или по­здно вам придется пойти к врачу. 20. В будущем году мы должны начать изучение астрономии. 21. Чтобы разработать новую теорию, ученые долж­ны были провести бесчисленные опыты.


letter: I shall phone them. 9. She cannot buy bread. 10. She need not buy bread. 11. He could not stay there for the night. 12. He need not have stayed there for the night. 13. We could not do all this work. 14. We need not have done all this work. 15. She could not cook such a big dinner. 16. She need not have cooked such a big dinner. 17. They could not write the composition. 18. They need not have written the composition. 19. I could not go to the library. 20. I need not have gone to the li­brary.


NEED

NEED NOT отсутствие необходимости (можно не...)

NEED ...? надо...?

You need not do it. можете не делать Need I do it? надо?

Сравните:

Ты не можешь делать этого. You cannot do it.

Ты можешь не делать этого. You need not do it.

Обратите внимание:

You need not have done it. могли и не делать

(а сделали)

Упражнение 515

Переведите на русский язык.

1. You cannot read so many books. 2. You need not read so many books. 3. Nick cannot go to school today. 4. Nick need not go to school today. 5. They cannot translate this article. 6. They need not trans­late this article. 7. My sister cannot write this let­ter: she is very busy. 8. My sister need not write this


Упражнение 516

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол need.

E.g. 1) It is not necessary to go there. You need not go there. 2) It was not necessary to go there. You need not have gone there.

1. Why do you want to do it all today? 2. It was not necessary for mother to cook this enormous din­ner: we have brought all the food the children may want. 3. It is not necessary to take the 8 pm (train) to London. A later train will do as well. 4. There was no necessity for her to do it herself. 5. There is no reason for you to worry: he is as strong as a horse. 6. There is no need for you to be present. 7. Is it any use our going into all that now? 8. Why did you mention all these figures? The situation was clear as it was. 9. Why do you want to press the skirt? It is not creased at all. 10. It was not necessary for you to remind me about her birthday. I remember the date very well.

14 Ю. Голицынский

418 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы 419


Упражнение 517

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол need.

1. Мне нужно тебе помогать? — Нет, спасибо, я все сделаю сам. 2. Вы можете не ходить туда. 3. Ему незачем беспокоиться о ней. 4. Я могу и не спрашивать его: он сам мне все расскажет. 5. Вам не обязательно звонить мне: я не забуду о своем обещании. 6. Надо ли ей покупать такую массу продуктов? 7. Она может не ходить в библиотеку: я дам ей книгу. 8. Вы могли и не брать зонт: я уверен, что дождя не будет. 9. У нас много време­ни в запасе, и нам незачем спешить. 10. Тебе не­зачем делать это сейчас. Ты можешь это сделать и завтра. 11. Она может и не помогать. Все уже сде­лано. 12. Ему незачем было продавать свое пиа­нино. 13. Вы могли и не кричать так на ребенка. 14. Они теперь не могут спать. — Им незачем было смотреть фильм ужасов.

Упражнение 518

Вставьте модальные глаголы may, must или need.

1. ... I take this book for a little while? — I am sorry, but I ... return it to the library at once.

  1. Alec ... practise this sound specially, but the oth­er pupils ... not: they all pronounce it properly.

  2. They ... come any time they like between ten and twelve in the morning, but they ... not come if they don't want to. 4. ... I go there right now? — Yes, you ... . 5. ... we hand in our compositions to­morrow? — No, you ... not, you ... hand them in after Sunday. 6. ... John really do this today? — No, he ... not, he ... do it tomorrow if he likes. 7. You ... not let this cup fall: it ... break. 8. ... I help you


with your coat? 9. You ... park your car only in your own space in the back of the building. 10. You ... have cancelled your trip to Canada. But you have always wanted to visit the largest French city Mon­treal and see your friend Nina.

Упражнение 519

Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must или need.

1. Peter ... return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 2. Why ... not you understand it? It is so easy. 3. ... we do the exercise at once? — Yes, you ... do it at once. 4. ... you pronounce this sound? 5. You ... not have bought this meat: we have ev­erything for dinner. 6.1... not go out today: it is too cold. 7. ... I take your pen? — Yes, please. 8. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 9. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it. 10. When ... you come to see us? — I ... come only on Sunday. 11. Shall I write a letter to him? — No, you ... not, it is not necessary. 12. ... you cut something with­out a knife? 13. Everything is clear and you ... not go into details now. 14. He ... not drink alcohol when he drives. 15. Don't worry! I ... change a light bulb. 16. By the end of the week I ... have finished writ­ing my book. 17. She ... not call the doctor again unless she feels worse.

MUST MAY MIGHT CAN'T

в значении предположения

MUST должно быть MAY может быть MIGHT может быть (но маловероятно) CAN'T не может быть

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Модальные глаголы


421


Упражнение 520

' Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения, используя приведенные подстановочные таблицы. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.) Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.



Не

must may might can't


know your sister, be busy, be ill. be tired, be hungry.

Не

must may might can't

be

sleeping, working hard, watching TV. having dinner, playing football.

Не

must may might can't

have

forgotten your address, lost your book, missed the train, caught cold, fallen ill. left the country, sold his piano, bought a car.

Упражнение 521

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы must, may, might или can't.

  1. Они, должно быть, работают за границей.

  2. Они, может быть, работают за границей.

  3. Может быть, они и работают за границей (хотя едва ли).

  4. Не может быть, что они работают за границей.

  5. Они, должно быть, работали за границей.

  6. Они, может быть, работали за границей.



  1. Может быть, они и работали за границей (хо­тя едва ли).

  2. Не может быть, что они работали за границей.

  3. Он, должно быть, на работе.


  1. Он, должно быть, был на работе.

  2. Он, может быть, на работе.

  3. Он, может быть, был на работе.

  4. Может быть, он и на работе (хотя едва ли).

  5. Может быть, он и был на работе (хотя едва ли).

  6. Не может быть, что он на работе.

  7. Не может быть, что он был на работе.

Упражнение 522

Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол may (might) выражает разрешение, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает пред­положение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. May I come and see you some day? 2. We asked the teacher if we might use dictionaries. 3. Children may borrow books from the school library. 4. I may show him your reports later. I don't know. 5. Your hair is getting rather thin, sir, may I advise to change your parting1? 6. Mother, may I have a glass of light beer? 7. I may have wrecked my own life, but I will not let you wreck yours. 8. Justice may be slow, mother, but it comes in the end. 9. He may have written the letter, but the signature is certain­ly not his. 10. It might have been worse.

Упражнение 523

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол may.

E.g. Possibly you left your book behind. You may have left your book behind.

'parting — пробор

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1. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise book at home. 2. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus. 3. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait for us. 4. Per­haps it was Helen who rang you up. 5. Perhaps they came by plane. 6. Perhaps she had a very good Eng­lish teacher. 7. Perhaps it was too cold for the chil­dren to go out. 8. It is possible that he took his chil­dren to the zoo. 9. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 10. Perhaps Robert used a dictionary. 11. Possibly Mary misunderstood you. 12. Perhaps Henry waited for us there. 13. Possibly Ann re­turned very late last night. 14. Possibly they have seen the new play.

Упражнение 524

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол may.

1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. It is possible that we studied at the same school, but I don't remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there was a chance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to show his skill. 6. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready. 7. Perhaps the question was too dif­ficult for her. 8. Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 9. Why didn't Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about it. 10. It is pos­sible that your brother has never heard about this singer. 11. Perhaps she tried to enter the univer­sity, but failed. 12. It is possible that you asked the wrong people, that's why you didn't get the right answer. 13. Perhaps our friends will arrive here to­morrow.


Упражнение 525

Вставьте модальный глагол may или might. Рас­кройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму ин­финитива.

1. ... I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me if she ... (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it ... (not to stop) raining by the morning.

  1. Don't scold her: the task ... (to be) too difficult for her, that's why she made rather many mistakes.

  2. If they don't miss the train, they ... (to arrive) in time. 6. Why isn't he here yet? What has happened? — Oh, he ... (to miss) the train. 7. He ... (to do) very hard work. That's why he looks so tired now. 8. Don't throw the rest of the birthday cake. He ... (to want) it for dessert. 9. It's raining cats and dogs. ... I (to borrow) your umbrella, please? 10. Do you know where I left the car keys? — You ... (to leave) them in the garage. 11. They don't know where the mon­ey has gone. It ... (to steal).

Упражнение 526

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол may.

1. Может быть, это неправда. 2. Может быть, он занят. 3. Может быть, они знают. 4. Может быть, он все еще за границей. 5. Может быть, она опоз­дает. 6. Может быть, он сдаст экзамен. 7. Может быть, мы поедем на Волгу. 8. Может быть, она придет завтра. 9. Может быть, я куплю эту книгу в Москве. 10. Возможно, она пришлет нам те­леграмму. 11. Возможно, они забудут принести газету. 12. Может быть, он уже сделал уроки.

  1. Может быть, моя сестра уже поговорила с ними.

  2. Возможно, они уехали за границу. 15. Возмож­но, мой брат забыл позвонить вам. 16. Возможно, она уже купила билеты. 17. Может быть, бабуш-

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ка спит. 18. Может быть, дети играют у реки. 19. Возможно, они сейчас как раз обсуждают этот вопрос. 20. Возможно, они как раз сейчас обеда­ют. 21. Может быть, он сейчас лежит на траве и смотрит на облака.

Упражнение 527

Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол must выражает долженствование, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает пред­положение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You must take a taxi if you want to catch that train. 2. You must tell your mother about it. 3. But she must have seen him! 4. Oh, John, think how she must be suffering! 5. Is she waiting? She must have been waiting for an hour. 6. "Oh, Auntie," he an­swered, "you mustn't talk like that." 7. And remem­ber, you must come and see the baby as soon as you can. 8. You must go home now, Georgie. 9. You must be a fool to think so. 10. The work must have been carried out in secret for quite a long time. 11. The question must be solved before we begin doing any­thing. 12. Mind, you mustn't spend all the money.

Упражнение 528

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол must.

E.g. Probably I left my textbook in the classroom. I must have left my textbook in the classroom.

1. Probably you left your exercise book at school. 2. Evidently she has left the town. 3. Probably Mike has gone to the teachers' room. 4. Probably Tom and Nick are playing football. 5. Probably Helen has got a bad mark. 6. Evidently they have solved the prob-


lem. 7. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their composition. 8. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 9. Evidently the meeting was cancelled.

  1. Evidently he forgot to send them a telegram.

  2. Evidently there was something wrong with the tape recorder. 12. Probably I left my bag in the can­teen. 13. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus. 14. Probably Mary forgot to call me. 15. Probably mother took my umbrella. 16. Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me.

Упражнение 529

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол must.

1. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 2. I am almost sure they have this book in the library. 3. Probably he recognized you by your photo in the papers. 4. He is sure to be in at this time. 5. Of course, she is trying to help you. 6. She is certain to be waiting for you at home. 7. Probably he was al­ready ill. 8. There is little doubt that the first ex­periment failed. 9. No doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 10. I am sure she is fond of the child.

  1. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning.

  2. Probably he was taken there by car.

Упражнение 530

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол must.

1. Probably they have changed the school curric­ulum. My granddaughter knows a great deal more than I did when I was her age. 2. It is probably a very difficult rule. 3.1 am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place. 4. You have prob­ably read books of this author before. 5. I feel sure

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they are preparing a surprise for us. 6. These old legends were probably composed about a thousand years ago. 7. It is probably nine o'clock now. 8. He is very old. I think he is nearly eighty. 9. It is prob­ably time to go now. 10. You have been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry. 11. Where are the children? — They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they are having a very good time. 12. He has probably worked very hard to finish his book. 13. She is a very experienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 14. Look! Helen's windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 15. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the football match.

Упражнение 531

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му инфинитива.

1. She must (to be) mad if she thinks he is going to lend her any more money. 2. They must (to be) upset when they heard the news. 3. You must (to come) and (to visit) us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. 4. It's the third time he's been play­ing the piano today. He must really (to enjoy) it. 5. Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must (to snow) at night. 6. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like a snowman. It must (to snow) heavily. 7. Look, what huge snowdrifts there are everywhere, and the path is covered with knee-deep snow. It must (to snow) for several hours already. 8. You look fresh! You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 9. You look very tired. You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 10. He knows mathematics much bet­ter than he did last year. He must (to work) a lot in summer. 11. Your mathematics is very poor. You


must (to work) at it in summer. 12. Where is Pe­ter? — Oh, he must (to read) in the library. He is getting ready for a very difficult exam. 13. You must (to study) English for several years already. Your language is very good.

Упражнение 532

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол must.

1. Должно быть, он знает несколько иностран­ных языков. 2. Должно быть, он сейчас работает над своим новым романом. 3. Наверное, они сей­час наслаждаются прекрасной погодой. 4. Навер­ное, она пытается найти старые письма. 5. Веро­ятно, они сейчас любуются красотой южной при­роды. 6. Вероятно, он уже вернулся с юга. 7. На­верное, она потеряла мой адрес. 8. Должно быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, он все рассказал на суде. 10. Должно быть, она все приготовила заранее. 11. Должно быть, он еще здесь. 12. Должно быть, они только что пришли. 13. По-видимому, он унес бумаги с собой. 14. Оче­видно, здесь уже кто-то был. 15. Вероятно, они над ним смеются. 16. Должно быть, они тогда жили здесь. 17. Должно быть, идет дождь. 18. Вероят­но, это здесь.

Обратите внимание:

Не had to go. Ему пришлось уйти.

Не must have gone. Он, должно быть, ушел.

Упражнение 533

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Не must be trying to find the lost stamp. 2. You must try to find the lost stamp. 3. He must

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429


have taken it. 4. Не had to take it. 5. She must be the youngest child in this group. 6. If you want to become a good football player, you must be an all-round athlete. 7. I had to read the letter twice before I understood it. 8. He must have read the letter many times. 9. What must you think of me? 10. They must be talking about us.

Упражнение 534

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы must или to have to. Употребляй­те to have to только в тех случаях, когда must употребить нельзя.

1. Я должна прочесть эту книгу. 2. Она, долж­но быть, читает эту книгу. 3. Мама была больна, и мне пришлось вести сестру в школу. 4. Они, долж­но быть, играют во дворе. 5. Я должен был пойти в аптеку купить лекарства. 6. Должно быть, она пошла в аптеку. 7. Вы должны поговорить с ней.

  1. Должно быть, они сейчас разговаривают об этом.

  2. Мне пришлось написать об этом сестре. 10. Она, должно быть, написала сестре. 11. Он действитель­но плохо себя чувствует (в плохой спортивной фор­ме). Он должен побольше двигаться. 12. Ты, долж­но быть, Анина подруга. 13. Дети все еще не до­ма. — Их, должно быть, задержали в школе. 14. Мне пришлось самой решать свои проблемы. 15. Мы должны были оставить свой дом. 16. Он, должно быть, шутит!

Упражнение 535

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы must, to have to или to be to.

1. Должно быть, он очень умен. 2. Должно быть, он вас узнал. 3. Ему предстояло пойти к директо-


ру и объяснить свое поведение. 4. Вам придется поговорить с ней. 5. Им пришлось очень долго идти пешком. 6. Ему не придется переписывать сочинение. 7. Должно быть, он пишет ее портрет. 8. Вероятно, они уже ушли. 9. Ему предстояло совершить удивительное открытие. 10. Мне предсто­ит сделать много работы сегодня. 11. Мне пришлось идти туда самому. 12. Вам придется немного подо­ждать. 13. Когда он должен прийти? (как вы догово­рились?) 14. Поезд должен был прибыть через не­сколько минут. 15. К сожалению, они не смогли пойти на вечеринку. Маме пришлось ждать водо­проводчика. Папе пришлось работать допоздна в офисе. Тете пришлось позаботиться о маленьких де­тях. Дяде пришлось ремонтировать машину. Не по­везло!

Обратите внимание, что в вопросительных пред­ложениях глагол CAN может выражать недоумение (неужели...?)

Can she have spent all the money? Неужели

она истратила все деньги?

Упражнение 536

Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения, используя приведенные ниже подстановочные таб­лицы. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизации речи.) Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.



know your sister?


be busy?

Can he

be ill?


be tired?


be hungry?

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431


Can he be

sleeping? working hard? watching TV? having dinner? playing football?

Can he have

forgotten your address? lost your book? missed the train? caught cold? fallen ill? left the country? sold his piano? bought a car?

Упражнение 537

Перепишите сначала предложения, в которых модальный глагол сап выражает возможность, за­тем предложения, в которых он выражает вежли­вую просьбу, затем предложения, в которых он вы­ражает недоумение, и, наконец, предложения, в ко­торых модальный глагол can't имеет значение „не может быть." Переведите предложения на русский

1. "But they can't be as bad as he!" 2. Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office? 3. A little bit of boiled fish can't hurt you, you know. 4. Could you help me with the translation of this ar­ticle? I am afraid I cannot do it alone. 6. He shut himself up in the study for the whole day, and I could see through the window that he was writing busily. 6. Can she have been waiting for us all this time? 7. She can't come tomorrow because they will be working the whole day. 8. I simply could not refuse: they would have been hurt. 9. He was not old. He couldn't have been more than forty. 10. Could you


leave the boy here for half an hour? I want him to help me. 11. "Oh!" she cried in surprise, "it's impos­sible! You can't have done it!" 12. The island can be reached by boat or even on foot when the tide is low.

Упражнение 538

Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли произойти.

E.g. Yesterday I saw Pete in the assembly hall.

You can't have seen Pete in the assembly hall yesterday.

1. The teacher permitted us to use the dictionary. 2. Nick got up at seven and did his morning exer­cises. 3. It was Kate who aired the room. 4. There were a lot of pupils in the library yesterday. 5. It was John who broke the radio set. 6. I saw Ann in the library yesterday. 7. Boris was in the canteen five minutes ago. 8. Robert took two bags with him.

9. That was Ann who plugged in the tape recorder.

10. Nick has been doing the recording for two hours
already. 11. It was Mary who rewound the tape.
12. The teacher let me take the tape home.

Упражнение 539

Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли произойти.

E.g. This old bracelet was found in Africa.

This old bracelet can't have been found in Africa.

1. This car was produced twenty years ago. 2. These photographs were taken in the north. 3. This tape recording was done last week. 4. James was given an excellent mark in history. 5. Ann was given an excellent mark for her geometry test. 6. This house was built at the beginning of this century.

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433


7. This tower was built in the 9th century. 8. This book was written by a very good writer. 9. This film was made by a very good director. 10. This play was written by a very clever playwright. 11. This film has been shot in a fortnight. 12. This book was trans­lated into Russian in the 19th century. 13. This cas­tle was built in the 15th century. 14. This picture was painted by an Italian artist. 15. This computer was built ten years ago.

Упражнение 540

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол can't.

E.g. I don't believe he is at home now. He can't be at home now.

1. I don't believe that you are serious. 2. It is impossible that she is a traitor. 3.1 can't believe that he has made such an important discovery. 4. I can't believe that the teacher has forgotten to correct our homework. 5. I don't believe the work is too diffi­cult for my friend. 6. I don't believe Jane made such a mistake. 7. It is impossible that the cat ate all the fish. 8. I don't believe that our papers were so poor.

9. It is impossible that you believed such a silly lie.

  1. It is impossible that he has stolen the money.

  2. I don't believe that they have heard the story before. 12. I don't think that she is good at physics.

Упражнение 541

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол can't.

1. Не может быть, что они сейчас дома. 2. Не может быть, что он так много знает. 3. Не может быть, что они сейчас играют во дворе. Уже поздно. 4. Не может быть, что она еще спит. Уже десять


часов. 5. Не может быть, что он опоздал на по­езд. 6. Не может быть, что она обманула его. 7. Не мо-жет быть, что вы сделали такую ошиб­ку. 8. Не мо-жет быть, что она провалилась на экзамене. 9. Не может быть, что она предала меня. 10. Не может быть, чтобы он бросил ку­рить. 11. Не может быть, что он сделал это. 12. Не может быть, что он стал доктором. 13. Не может быть, чтобы он перевел эту книгу.

Упражнение 542

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол сап.

1. Неужели он хороший бегун? Он такой ма­ленький. 2. Не может быть, что она уже окончила школу. 3. Не может быть, что он ученый. 4. Не может быть, что он был ученым. 5. Неужели она еще спит? 6. Неужели они проиграли? 7. Не мог он этого сказать! 8. Не может взрослый человек любить такие книги! 9. Не может быть, что она вам это рассказала. 10. Неужели было так холодно? 11. Не может быть, что она опоздала на урок: она никогда не опаздывала. 12. Не может быть, что она перепутала улицы. 13. Не может быть, чтобы это была правда. 14. Неужели ты разорвал мою запис­ку? 15. Не может быть, чтобы он был в парке сей­час. Уже поздно. 16. Не может быть, что она это написала. Я уверен, что это написал кто-то другой.

Упражнение 543

Вставьте модальный глагол сап или could. Рас­кройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму ин­финитива.

1. ... you (to ask) my sister to help you? I am very busy today. 2. ... it (to be) seven o'clock now? 3. You

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Модальные глаголы 435


... not (to see) her at the party. She was at home working at her English. 4. He ... not (to forget) your request: he is very attentive to people. 5. I should be very happy if you ... (to visit) us in the village. 6. I don't believe her, she ... not (to forget) to bring the book. She simply did not want to bring it. 7. He said he ... (to finish) the task by Monday. 8. No, they ... not (to be) twins. 9. He said we ... (to use) his computer. 10. She was so tired. She ... (to sleep) for a week. 11. No, you ... not (to have) another piece of cake. 12. Our son ... (to speak) Russian and Eng­lish before he was six. He is bilingual. 13. ... I call my friend from your phone? 14. ... I (to have) the last piece of your Christmas turkey? 15. We ... not really (to decide) where to go on vacation. We might go to Italy, or we might go to France. Last summer we visited Canada and ... (to see) the Niagara Falls.

Упражнение 544

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы can (could) или may (might).

1. Не может быть, что он уже уехал. 2. Неуже­ли он перевел всю книгу? 3. Не может быть, что­бы сейчас было холодно на улице: термометр по­казывает пятнадцать градусов. 4. Он не мог полу­чить книгу, потому что библиотека была закрыта. 5. Не может быть, что он получил книгу: ведь биб­лиотека была закрыта. 6. Не могли ли бы вы по­казать нам дорогу на стадион? 7. Не может быть, что она сломала ногу. 8. Я не пойду гулять: она, возможно, будет мне звонить. 9. Где мои книги? — Не знаю. Мама могла положить их в шкаф. 10. Не может быть, что она разбила стакан: она такая аккуратная. 11. Сегодня очень холодно. Возмож­но, выпадет снег. 12. Миша, возможно, придет


позже. 13. Я уже целый час ищу свою тетрадь по литературе. Не может быть, что я ее оставил в школе. — Возможно, ты отдал ее Кате. 14. Воз­можно, они уже давно изучают французский язык. 15. Может быть, брат приедет сегодня. 16. Возмож­но, она уехала за город. 17. Мы, возможно, и встречались с ним в Новгороде, но я этого не пом­ню. 18. Вполне возможно, что она как раз сей­час пытается дозвониться нам, а наш телефон не работает. 19. Не может быть, что она закончила эту работу так скоро. Она, возможно, сделала толь­ко половину. 20. Не может быть, что ты потеряла деньги. Ты могла положить их в сумку. — Нет, их нет в сумке. Я могла выронить их в магазине.

Упражнение 545

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальные глаголы must, may или can't.

1. I am sure you are tired: you have been work­ing for hours. 2. Perhaps he visited the Hermitage when he was in St. Petersburg last year. 3. I am sure it is a very deep lake. 4. Probably that building in the distance is the station. 5.1 don't believe you have lost your passport; probably you have put it into another bag. 6. Perhaps the girl was frightened. 7. Probably you left your textbook in the canteen. 8.1 don't believe they will give up such a brilliant idea. 9. You look pale. Probably you are tired. 10. I don't believe that this boy is a good friend.

Упражнение 546

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы must, may или can't.

1. Торопись: ты можешь опоздать на поезд. 2. Он, может быть, заболел. 3. Он, может быть,

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437


[pic] болеет. 4. Не может быть, что он забыл купить цветы. 5. Не может быть, что он поссорился с ней. 6. Наверное, она узнала об этом от Маши. 7. Это, должно быть, была очень трудная задача. 8. На улице, должно быть, очень холодно. 9. Она, дол­жно быть, встретила их по пути домой. 10. Не может быть, что они продали свой дом. 11. Они, может быть, приедут завтра. 12. Моя сестра, дол­жно быть, сейчас в библиотеке. 13. Не может быть, что он занял первое место. 14. Может быть, он и слышал об этом (хотя едва ли). 15. Мама, должно быть, купила конфеты. 16. Она, может быть, звонила мне вчера, а меня не было дома. 17. Может быть, он и в школе сейчас (хотя едва ли). 18. Не может быть, что она такая молодая. Ей, должно быть, не меньше тридцати лет. 19. Дол­жно быть, вокруг вашей деревни растут густые леса. 20. Не может быть, что он написал письмо так быстро. 21. Может быть, мы пойдем на пляж: погода чудесная. 22. Это, очевидно, очень древняя рукопись. 23. Давайте позвоним Робер­ту: нам может понадобиться его совет.



SHOULD


Следовало бы


You should work more seriously. -

Вам следова-

ло бы работать серьезнее.


Сравните:


You should do it. Вам следовало бы сделать

это (теперь).


You should have done it. Вам

следовало бы

сделать это (раньше).


You should not do it. Вам не

следовало бы

делать этого (теперь).


You should not have done it.

Вам не следо-

вало бы делать этого (раньше).



Обратите внимание:

You should have done it. следовало сделать (а вы не сделали)

You should not have done it. не следовало делать (а вы сделали)

Упражнение 547

Дайте совет, используя модальный глагол should и слова, данные в скобках.

E.g. Her diction is not very good, (to read aloud) She should read aloud.

1. I have a slight irritation in my throat, (to smoke less) 2. This child doesn't want to eat soup, (not to give her sweets before dinner) 3. She makes a lot of spelling mistakes, (to copy passages out of a book) 4. The dog is afraid of him. (not to shout at the dog) 5. The students are unable to follow what I am saying, (not to speak so fast) 6. The boy is a little pale, (to play out of doors) 7. I am afraid you will miss that train, (to take a taxi) 8. There is no one in. (to try the room next door)

Упражнение 548

Переведите на русский язык.

1. You should know how to raise your children not to be losers. 2. You shouldn't give the child ev­erything he wants. You shouldn't satisfy his every craving for food, drink and comfort. Otherwise, he will grow up to believe the world owes him a living. 3. You shouldn't laugh at him when he Ricks up bad words. This will make him think he isn't cute. It won't also encourage him to pick up "cuter" phras­es. 4. You shouldn't avoid use of the word "wrong".

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This won't condition him to believe, later, when he is arrested for stealing a car, that society is against him. 5. You shouldn't pick up everything he leaves lying around — books, shoes and clothing. You shouldn't do everything for him, otherwise, he will be experienced in throwing all responsibility onto oth­ers. Your child should know and do his duties at the expected time. He should have sense of responsibili­ty. He should be a decent person. 6. You shouldn't quarrel frequently in the presence of your child. Oth­erwise, he will not be too shocked when the home is broken up later. 7. You shouldn't take his part against neighbours, teachers and policemen. They aren't all prejudiced against your child. 8. When he gets into trouble, you shouldn't apologize for your­self by saying, "I never could do anything with him."

Упражнение 549

Скажите автору нижеследующих предложений, что надо (не надо) было делать.

E.g. 1) I bought that book spending a lot of money. You should not have bought the book. 2) I did not buy that book.

You should have bought the book.

1. So I took the child to the cinema. 2. We forgot to leave a message for her. 3. We did not wait for them because it was beginning to rain. 4. I did not put down her address and now I don't know how to find her. 5. I did not explain to her how to get here. 6. I bought a pair of red shoes to go with my new dress. 7. So I told her frankly what we all thought about her idea. 8. I have not seen the film, and now it is too late because it is no longer on. 9. My pen was leaking, so I wrote with a pencil. 10.1'am afraid I ate too much cake with my tea.


Упражнение 550

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол should в сочетании с требующейся формой инфинитива (Indefinite Infinitive Perfect Infinitive).

A. 1. Вы бы сказали ей об этом. 2. Не следует
вам так поздно там оставаться. 3. Ей надо сейчас
же пойти к врачу. 4. Лучше наденьте шерстяные
носки. 5. Им лучше начать пораньше. 6. Не сле­
дует говорить с ней по-английски. 7. Вам нужно
повернуть направо. 8. Лучше скажите кому-ни­
будь об этом.

B. 1. Надо было сказать ей об этом. 2. Не надо
было оставаться там так поздно. 3. Ей надо было
сейчас же пойти к врачу. 4. Вам надо было надеть
шерстяные носки. 5. Им надо было начать порань­
ше. 6. Не следовало говорить с ней по-английски.
7. Надо было повернуть направо. 8. Надо было
кому-нибудь сказать об этом.

Упражнение 551

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол should в сочетании с требующейся формой инфинитива (Indefinite Infinitive Perfect Infinitive).

1. Вам следует работать больше. 2. Ей следует слушать советы учителя. 3. Вам следовало бы из­виниться: вы не правы. 4. Вам не следует пропус­кать уроки английского языка. 5. Дети должны быть более внимательны к своим родителям. 6. Ему следует обратиться к врачу. 7. Ему следовало дав­но обратиться к врачу. 8. Вы не должны давать ребенку столько конфет. 9. Ему следует прочитать эту книгу. 10. Ему следовало уже прочитать эту книгу. 11. Вам следует пойти туда и поговорить с

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441


ними. 12. Вам следовало сходить туда (раньше) и поговорить с ними. 13. Он не должен был так гру­бо разговаривать. 14. Он не должен был забывать о моей просьбе. 15. Ей давно бы следовало вернуть­ся. 16. Тебе не следует ходить туда. 17. Вам надо было прочитать эту книгу в прошлом году. 18. Вам бы следовало поговорить с вашим дядей, когда он приедет. 19. Ей не надо было носить такие тя­желые вещи. 20. Ему следовало помнить об этом.

  1. Вы должны были попросить разрешения.

  2. Вы не должны были беспокоиться.

Сравните:

You needn't have done it. могли и не делать (это было не обязательно)

You shouldn't have done it. не следовало де­лать (плохо, что вы это сделали)

Упражнение 552

Прокомментируйте следующие действия, упо­требляя модальные глаголы should, shouldn't или needn't.

E.g. 1) A boy was impolite to a girl and did not apolo­gize. You should have apologized to the girl.

  1. A pupil did all the exercises in writing even those which were meant for oral practice. You needn't have done all the exercises in writing.

  2. Your aunt is running a temperature. You should consult the doctor.

What will you say to the person who:

1) crossed the street under the red light?


2) doesn't cross the street when the lights are

green?

  1. doesn't want to cross the street by the subway?

  2. doesn't take off his hat when entering a room?

  3. did not help his classmate to clean the class­room?

  4. has a splitting headache?

  5. bought bread which was not necessary?

  6. was not present at the meeting?

  7. sent a telegram which was quite unnecessary?


  1. went out without his coat and caught cold?

  2. apologized for asking you a question?

  3. didn't attend a very important lecture?

  4. got up at six o'clock on Sunday morning, which was not at all necessary?

  5. read till two o'clock in the morning?

  6. copied the whole text into his exercise book?

  7. watered the garden, and it is raining now?

  8. hasn't returned the books to the library?

Сравните:

You should have done it. следовало сделать (а вы не сделали)

You must have done it. должно быть, сделали

Упражнение 553

Вставьте модальные глаголы should или must.

1. a) You ... have studied the material thorough­ly. I see you have made no mistakes in the paper, b) You ... have studied the material thorough­ly. Then you would not have made so many mistakes.

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2. a) She ... have followed the doctor's advice.

She would have recovered by now. b) She ... have followed the doctor's advice. She looks very fine.

3. a) You ... have ignored the instructions of your

tennis coach. That's why you lost the game, b) You ... have followed the instructions of your tennis coach. Then you would have won the game.

  1. a) She ... have forgotten to take her medicine, b) She ... have remembered to take her medi­cine.

  2. a) I... have got on the wrong bus. I cannot rec-

ognize the places we are passing, b) I ... have looked carefully at the number of the bus. Now I must change buses, and I am afraid I shall be late.




Сравните:

(a

1 should have я не сделал)

done it. следовало сделать


1 had to do it. -

- пришлось сделать (сделал)

Упражнение 554

Вставьте модальные глаголы should или had to. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форту инфинитива.

1. I could not stand that noise any longer. I ... (to go) out and (to tell) them to stop. 2. How can you work in this noise? You ... (to tell) the children to stop. 3. I ... (to take) a taxi, otherwise I should have missed the train. 4. You walked all the way here car­rying this heavy suitcase. You ... (to take) a taxi.


5. They won't be able to buy anything but lemonade on the train. You ... (to give) them some sandwiches at least. 6. Mother was coming to dinner, so I ... (to bake) her favourite cake. 7. You knew I was bring­ing people to dinner. You ... (to bake) a cake. 8. He was out when we came, and we ... (to wait) for over an hour. 9. It was raining hard. We ... (to wear) our raincoats. 10. She is quite an authority. You ... (to ask) her.

Упражнение 555

Вставьте модальные глаголы should или had to. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. Mike isn't here. He ... (to leave) early. 2. The car broke down and they ... (to get) a taxi. 3. You ... (to disconnect) the computer yesterday. There's something wrong with it. You can't send e-mail now. 4. She ... (to go) shopping last Friday because there was nothing in the fridge. 5.1... (to write) this com­position yesterday, but I was too busy as I ... (to translate) a very long text from English. 6. I ... not (to take) my little brother to the evening perform­ance, he was so excited; but I really ... (to do) so, for there was nobody at home to leave him with. 7. You ... (to see) our team play! You have missed a lot. You ... (to go) to the stadium. 8. It was a very important meeting and we ... (to attend) it. That's why we returned home late. 9. He ... (to attend) the lesson: the material which the teacher explained was very difficult, and now it will be impossible for him to write the paper well. 10. Although he felt unwell, he ... (to attend) the lesson, because the teacher ex­plained some very difficult material.

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445




Сравните:





1 needn't have done it.

можно

было

не

делать

(а я сделал)






1 didn't have to do it. -

можно

было

не

делать

(я

и не делал)





Упражнение 556

В следующих предложениях часть текста напи­сана по-русски. Напишите предложения полностью по-английски, употребляя модальные глаголы need или to have to.

1. а) Можно было не покупать сахар, and

I didn't go to the shop, b) Why did you go to the shop? Можно было - и не покупать сахар: we have enough of it.

2. а) Мы могли не тревожиться за нее, as we

knew that she was taken very good care of. b) He надо было тревожиться за нас: you see that everything is OK.

3. а) Можно было и не ходить туда, you have

wasted your time. They have phoned us and given us all the instructions, b) Можно было не ходить туда, and we remained at home.

4. а) Мне не надо было идти в библиотеку, as

I had all the books I needed, b) Незачем было ходить в библиотеку: you have only wasted your time. Don't you know that I'll give you all the necessary books?

5. а) Вы могли и не ездить в центр: you could

have bought everything you needed in the local shops, b) Я мог не ездить в центр, as a very good de­partment store had recently opened in our parts, so I went there and bought everything I needed.


6. а) Вы могли и не проверять правописание:

the computer can do all the correcting, b) Я мог не проверять правописание: the com­puter did all the correcting, so it did not take me long to complete my work.

7. а) Я мог не звонить ему, so I went to bed at

once, b) It turned out that я мог и не звонить ему, as he knew everything from his sister.

Упражнение 557

Вставьте модальные глаголы should, need или to have to. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующую­ся форму инфинитива.

1. You ... not (to go) out in this rain; as it is you have a cold in your head. 2. It was Sunday, and we ... not (to go) to school. 3. Everything is all right. You see that you ... not (to worry). 4. You are out of breath. You ... not (to run): you know how bad it is for you. 5. You ... not (to tell) her about it. Now she is sure not to sleep the whole night worrying. 6. You ... not (to go) with her: she knows the way perfectly well. 7. You ... not (to put) so much pep­per in the meat. No one will be able to eat it. 8. You ... not (to give) them any lunch. They can get coffee and sandwiches on the train. 9. We don't accept cred­it cards. — Well, I just ... (to pay) cash, I guess. Oh, I don't have enough cash. I ... (to give) you a cheque. 10. If you see anything unusual you ... (to call) the police. 11. There ... not (to be) any diffi­culty about getting her a visa. 12. You ... not (to tell) him the news; he knew it already. 13. Accord­ing to the label, the orange marmalade ... (to refri­gerate) after opening. 14. I'm not particularly busy. I've got a few things to do but I ... not (to do) them now. 15. You ... not (to be) so impatient with him.

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Сводные упражнения на модальные глаголы

Упражнение 558

Переведите на русский язык.

  1. Не must have sold his piano.

  2. He may have sold his piano.

  3. He might have sold his piano.

  4. He can't have sold his piano.

  5. He should have sold his piano.

  6. He shouldn't have sold his piano.

  7. He needn't have sold his piano.

  8. He didn't have to sell his piano.

  9. He had to sell his piano. 10. He was to sell his piano.

Упражнение 559

Переведите на английский язык.

  1. Они, должно быть, уехали в Нью-Йорк.

  2. Они, возможно, уехали в Нью-Йорк.

  3. Может быть, они и уехали в Нью-Йорк (хотя едва ли).

  4. Не может быть, что они уехали в Нью-Йорк.

  5. Им следовало уехать в Нью-Йорк (а они не уехали).

  6. Им не следовало уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они уехали).

  7. Они могли и не уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они уехали).

  8. Им незачем было уезжать в Нью-Йорк (они и не уехали).

9. Им пришлось уехать в Нью-Йорк.
10. Им предстояло уехать в Нью-Йорк.


Упражнение 560

Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, can, need).

1. I ... not believe. I failed another test. — But you ... go to more classes and fewer parties. 2. Per­haps we ... meet next week. 3. ... he speak English in childhood? 4. My neighbours ... grow their own vegetables. 5. ... you turn the music down, please. 6. I ... not believe. I am already out of money. — You ... learn not to spend so much. — But I ... not help it, there are just things that I ... to buy. 7. If you want to improve your English, you ... work very hard. 8. ... I take this book? — Certainly, but you ... not give it to anybody. 9. Mother, ... I go to the country tomorrow? — No, you ... not. The doctor says you ... stay at home for a day or two. 10. There is something wrong with your television set. You ... call a repairman. — Oh, we ... not do it! My broth­er ... fix it himself. 11. ... we bring these textbooks every day? — No, you ... not: you ... take them from the library. 12. ... you go to the country with us? — No, I am afraid I ... not: I ... go to the library.

Упражнение 561

Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, may, can, need, to have to, to be able to).

1. You ... not come to help them tomorrow: the work is done. 2. You ... not change the whole text as the beginning is all right. You ... only rewrite the second part of it. 3. ... you help me now? — I am afraid not: I am in a great hurry. I shall be free in the evening. Come to my place at about eight, and I ... help you. 4. John ... not tell us the rules of the game: we know them. 5. ... I return the book to you on Friday? I am afraid I ... not finish it before. —

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449


No, that is too late. You ... bring it to me not later than Wednesday. 6. It is already six o'clock. We ... hurry if we don't want to be late. 7. ... you trans­late this text into English? — I think I .... 8. They spent all the morning on the river bank. Only Ann ... return home as she ... not stay in the sun for such a long time. 9. How do you feel when you ... take a test? — I'm always a little frightened and unhap­py. 10. She ... decorate a room nicely. 11. We ... not afford to pay the bill. 12. He's got a lung problem and he ... go to hospital every two weeks. 13. Ann ... not go to his birthday party yesterday because she ... go to the dentist. 14. You ... take medicine three times a day before meals. You ... not stop taking it until you have finished the bottle. Don't forget. You ... drink water as much as you ... . You ... get up tomorrow if you like. You ... not stay in bed all the time. But you ... not do any work at all. You ... just relax for a few days.

Упражнение 562

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя под­ходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы (can, may, needn't).

1. Вы можете взять эту книгу, если хотите.

  1. Вы можете взять эту книгу: она не тяжелая.

  2. Вы можете и не брать эту книгу. 4. Я не могу взять эту книгу. 5. Подумай только: можно было и не ходить туда. 6. Можешь сразу не соглашать­ся: подумай несколько дней. 7. Можете сегодня туда пойти. 8. Можете сегодня туда не ходить. 9. Можете не переписывать сочинение. 10. Може­те остаться: ведь у вас есть время. 11. Можете остаться, если хотите. 12. Можете не оставаться, если не хотите. 13. Можете не говорить ему об этом. 14. Можете сказать ему об этом. 15. Нам


можно не повторять эти правила: мы их знаем.

16. Можно было и не писать сочинение. 17. Он мог
и не приходить: все было уже сделано.

Упражнение 563

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя под­ходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы (can, can't, may, must, needn't, shouldn't).

1. Ты можешь пойти туда: я не возражаю.

  1. Ты можешь пойти туда: это совсем близко.

  2. Ты не можешь пойти туда: ты не знаешь адре­са. 4. Ты можешь не ходить туда: я могу им по­звонить. 5. Ты не должен идти туда: они очень плохие люди. 6. Ты мог и не ходить туда вчера. 7. Тебе следует пойти туда: они тебя ждут. 8. Тебе следовало пойти туда вчера. 9. Тебе не следовало ходить туда вчера. 10. Она, должно быть, дома сейчас. 11. Она, должно быть, была дома вчера. 12. Мы, может быть, придем к вам завтра. 13. Они, может быть, приходили к нам вчера, но нас не было дома. 14. Он, должно быть, видел этот па­мятник, когда был в вашем городе. 15. Он, может быть, видел этот памятник, когда был в вашем го­роде. 16. Не может быть, что он знает эту картину.

17. Не может быть, что он видел эту картину.

Упражнение 564

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя под­ходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы и выражения (can, can't, may, must, to have to, to be able to),

1. Я должна купить торт сегодня. 2. Мой брат не умеет говорить по-английски. 3. Моя сестра умеет говорить по-немецки. 4. Можно, я посмот­рю вашу фотографию? 5. Вы можете показать мне свою фотографию? 6. Не может быть, что ему со-

15 Ю. Голицынский

450 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы


451


рок лет: он выглядит гораздо моложе. 7. Не мо­жет быть, что он забыл прийти. Он, должно быть, был очень занят. 8. Мы, может быть, поедем за город, если будет хорошая погода. 9. Если сестра не купит мне кофе, мне придется идти в магазин самой. 10. Я не могу найти свои часы. — Может быть, вы оставили их на работе. — Нет, я не мог­ла оставить их на работе: я никогда не снимаю их с руки. 11. Вы сможете поговорить с ним завтра? 12. Я, должно быть, заблудилась. Вы не можете мне сказать, как пройти к Эрмитажу? 13. Мне пришлось прочесть массу книг, когда я готовилась к докладу. 14. Я не мог вспомнить последние строчки сонета, и мне пришлось звонить своему ДРУГУ-

Контрольное упражнение

  1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

  2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в тре­бующемся времени в Active Voice или в Passive Voice.

  3. Заполните пропуски подходящими модаль­ными глаголами.

  4. Подчеркните ing-форму, являющуюся герун­дием, одной чертой.

  5. Подчеркните ing-форму, являющуюся при­частием, двумя чертами.

Terrorism (to be)... global problem for ... airlines for ... decades. However, although ... security at ... airports always (to be) tight, ... 9/11 attacks (to make) it clear that ... new measures (to be) necessary. As ... result, many new security pro­cedures (to put) into ... place. ... good rule (to be) to


plan ahead and and prepare for ... strictest security policies. Common sense and wise planning (to be) ... keys to ... successful trip.

One of ... most important security measures at... airport (to be) confirming ... identity of ... travellers. This (to do) by checking ... photo ID, such as ... driver's license. If you (to travel) internationally, you (Modal V.) to present your ... passport. Simply taking ... look at ... photo ID (not to be) enough, however. ... high-tech buzzword in ... airport secu­rity today is ... biometrics. ... biometrics essentially, (to mean) checking ... fingerprints, ... retinal scans, and ... facial patterns using ... complex computer systems to determine, if someone (to be) who they (to say) they (to be) — or if they match ... list of ... people ... government (to determine) (Modal V.) be ... potential terrorists.

Here (to be) ... few notes and tips to keep in ... mind for passing carry-on security screening:

  1. Check with your ... air carrier for ... specific check-in times if you (to be) ... carry-on traveller. Remember screening ... lines (to be) longer during ... peak travel time and ... Holidays.

  2. Prepare for security screening, not just your ... carry-on items but your ... check-in luggage and your ... person as well.

  3. Be ready to answer any questions and do not accept items from ... strangers. Keep your ... lugga­ge and ... personal belongings with you at all time.

  4. Any metal item (... buttons, ... zippers, ... hair accessories, etc.) (Modal V.) set off ... metal detec­tors. You (Modal V.) minimize screening time by re­ducing ... number of these ... items on your ... person.


  1. You (Modal V.) carry ... proper identity to indicate any medical metal.

  2. ... shoes (Modal V.) trigger ... alarms. You (Modal V.) be asked to remove your ... shoes.

452 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

  1. Be prepared to open and activate ... carry-on electronic items such as: ... laptops, ... cameras, ... cell phones, etc.

  2. Avoid ... further delay by waiting to lock ... carry-on luggage until you (to pass) through screening areas. Any wrapped packages (Modal V.) be searched, so wait to wrap any gifts or, if possible, pack such items in ... check-in luggage.

  3. Avoid ... additional scrutiny by not carrying ... prohibited items, such as all cutting and punc­turing items, ... flammable liquids and containers under pressure such as ... aerosols, ... matches and ... lighters, ... toy weapons, etc.

All rules and practices regarding security, cany­ons, and other airline/airport practices (to be) subject to change without notice, so it (to be) best to call your ... airline or check with ... airport just be­fore ... departure for ... latest updates.


Фонетические символы, используемые в словаре

Долгие гласные



i:

а:

э:

u:

э:

see

[si:]

park

[ра:к]

port

[po:t]

zoo

[zu:]

girl

[дэ:Ц

Краткие гласные



1

e

Ж

A

Э

u

э

pin [pin]

pen [pen]

fan [fen]

fun

[fivn]

dog

[dog]

good

[gud]

ago [о'дэи]

Дифтонги



ei

ai

Э1

au

эй

еэ

из

day

[de.]

time [taim]

boy

[bo.]

mouse

[maus]

toast

[taust]

ear

[Ю]

air

[eo]

poor

[puo]

Согласные



I

р

t

к

f

0

s

i

tj

press [pres]

test

[test]

kiss [kis]

film [film]

three

[6ri:]

stop [stop]

shock

[jok]

cheese

[tji:z]

Si

К

о со

b

d

4

V

a

z

3

d3

baby

['beibi]

daddy

[■daedi]

gas [gas]

visa [Vi.zs]

this

[6is]

zipper

['zips]

pleasure ['р1езэ]

jam [casern]


1

г

j

w

m

n

4

h

lift [lift]

risk [risk]

yes [jes]

well

[wel]

man [man]

no [пэи]

ring

[nrj]

high [hai]

Англо-русский словарь


455


АНГЛО-РУССКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ


А

able [eibl] а способный

abolish [a'bolij] v отменять

about [a'baut] adv около; prep о

abroad [э'Ьгэ.-d] adv за грани­цей; за границу

absence [aebsns] n отсут­ствие

absent [sebsnt] a: be absent

отсутствовать

absent-minded [,aebsnt

'maindid] а рассеянный

absent-mindedly [.sebsnt

'mamdidh] adv рассеянно

accept [ak'sept] v принимать

accessory [ak'sesan] n при­надлежность accessories аксессуары

accident ['aeksidant] n не­счастный случай

accompany [э'клтрэш] v со­провождать

according to [a'koidrqta] со­гласно; в соответствии с

account [a'kaunt] n счет; отчет

on account of по причине; из-за

accuse [a'kjuiz] v обвинять

ache [eik] v болеть; п боль

achieve [a'tji:v] v достигать

acknowledge [эк'пэ1к1з] v признавать

acquaintance [a'kwemtans] n знакомство

acquainted [a'kwemtid] a знаком

across [a'kros] prep через


act [aekt] n акт; действие; поступок; v действовать; поступать

activate ['asknveit] v приво­дить в действие (меха­низм)

active ['aektiv] а активный

activities [aek'tivitiz] n дей­ствия; деятельность

actor ['aekta] n актер

actress ['aektns] n актриса

add [aed] v добавить

additional [a'dijanl] а допол­нительный

address [a'dres] n адрес

admire [ad'maia] v любо­ваться

admirer [ad'maiara] n по­клонник

admit [ad'mit] v допускать; признавать

advance [ad'varns] v продви­гаться вперед; наступать

advantage |>d'va:ntid3] n преимущество

adventure [ad'ventfa] n при­ключение

adverb ['aedvaib] n наречие

advice [ad'vais] n совет

aerobics [ea'reubiks] n аэро­бика

aerosol ['earesol] n аэрозоль

afford [a'fo:d] v иметь воз­можность (быть в состо­янии) сделать что-л.; по­зволить себе что-л.

afraid [s'freid] a: be afraid бояться

Africa ['sefnka] Африка


after Га:пэ]ргер после

afternoon [,afte'nu:n] n вре­мя после полудня in the afternoon днем, после полудня

again [э'деп] adv опять; сно­ва; еще раз

against [a'genst] adv против

age [eid3] n возраст

for ages [far'eid3iz] очень долго, „целую вечность"

agency ['eid33nsi] n агент­ство

ago [э'дэи] adv тому назад

agree [s'gri:] v соглашаться

agreement [s'grhmsnt] n со­глашение; согласие

ahead [a'hed] adv вперед; впереди; раньше срока, досрочно

aim [eim] n цель take aim прицеливаться

air [еэ] п воздух; v провет­ривать

air carrier ['еэ,каепэ] п авиа­компания

air line f'ealam] n авиаком­пания

airport ['eapoit] n аэропорт JFK [,d3ei ef 'kei] airport аэропорт имени Джона Фицджералда Кеннеди

alarm [э'1а:ш] п тревога; сигнализация

alarm clock [э'1а:тк1ок] п бу­дильник

alarmed [3'la:md] а встрево-

alcohol ['selkahol, 'aelkahorl] n

алкоголь all [э.Цргоп все; всё at all вовсе all right [,о:Ггай] хорошо; ладно; все в порядке


all-round ['orlraund] а все­сторонний allow [э'1аи] v разреп1ать almost ['orlmaust] adv почти alone [э'1эип] а один along [э'Ът)]ргер вдоль aloud [Vlaud] adv вслух Alps [sips] Альпы already [o:l'redi] adv уже also ['o:lsau] adv тоже alter ['o:lta] v переделывать although [оШэи] conj хотя always ['o:lwiz] adv всегда am [,ei 'em] (ante meridiem) at 7 am в 7 часов утра; ут­ром ambulance ['aembjutans] n

карета скорой помощи America [э'тепкэ] Америка Amerigo Vespucci [ае,теп:дэи ve'spu:tji] Америго Веспуччи among [э'гшуп] prep среди Amsterdam ['aemstadaem]

Амстердам amuse [a'mju:z] v развлекать amusement [a'mjuizmant] n

развлечение analyse ['aenalaiz] v анализи­ровать ancient [emjnt] а древний Andrew ['aendru:] Андрей,

Эндрю angry ['aeijgn] а сердитый animal ['aenimal] n живот­ное ankle ['ает}кэ1] п лодыжка,

щиколотка anniversary [.aem'varsan] n

годовщина announce [a'nauns] v объяв­лять announcement [a'naunsmant] n объявление

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


457


anode ['asnaud] n анод answer ['а:шэ] v отвечать; п

ответ Antarctic [aen'ta:ktik] Ан­тарктика antenna [asn'tena] n антенна anxious ['asnk/ss] а беспоко­ящийся; страстно жела­ющий (чего-л.) any ['era] pron любой (в утвердительном пред­ложении) anyone ['еппулп] pron кто-нибудь; кто-либо anyway ['eniwei] adv как бы то ни было; во всяком случае apartment [э'ра:Ьпэ!й] п квар­тира; апартамент apartment house много­квартирный дом apologize [a'poted3aiz] v из­виняться, просить про­щения apology [a'pobd3i] n извине­ние apparatus [.aepa'reitas] n ап­парат; аппаратура appear [э'рю] v появляться;

казаться appetite f'gepitait] n аппетит apple [sepl] n яблоко apply [a'plai] v обращаться с просьбой; просить; по­давать заявление appreciate |b'pri:jieit] v вы­соко ценить approach [a'prautf] v прибли-

ЯС ЙТЬСЯ

approve [a'pruiv] v одобрять apricot ['eipnkot] n абрикос April ['eipnl] апрель architect ['arkitekt] n архи­тектор


architecture ['a:kitektja] n

архитектура Arctic Ocean [,a:ktik'3ujn] Се­верный Ледовитый океан area ['еэпэ] п площадь; про­странство; участок; район argue ['a:gju:j v спорить arise [a'raiz] (arose, arisen) v

возникать arisen [a'nzn] см. arise arm [arm] n рука armchair ['aimtfea] n кресло army ['a:mi] n армия arose [э'гэиг] см. arise around [a'raund] adv вокруг arrange [s'reinds] v устраи­вать arrangement [э'гепк1зтэт] п приведение в порядок; до­говоренность arrest [a'rest] v арестовать arrival [э'гагЛ] n прибытие arrive [a'raiv] v прибывать art [a:t] n искусство article ['artikl] n статья artist ['a:tist] n художник as [az] conj как; так как; когда

as a result [n'zAlt] в ре­зультате as well а также ashamed [a'feimd] a: be

ashamed стыдиться Asia ['eija] Азия aside [a'said] adv в сторону;

в стороне ask [a:sk] v спрап1ивать;

просить assemble [a'sembl] v соби­раться) assembly hall |b'sembli,ho:l]

n актовый зал assistant [a'sistant] n помощ­ник; ассистент; продавец


as soon as [az'suinaz] как только

astonishment [a'stomjirant] n удивление

astronaut ['asstranort] n аст­ронавт, космонавт

ate [et, eit] см. eat

athlete ['aeGli:t] n атлет

Atlantic Ocean [at.lasntik teujan] Атлантический океан

atmosphere ['astmasfte] n ат­мосфера

atom ['aetam] n атом

attack [a'tsek] n атака; v на­падать

attempt [a'tempt] n попыт­ка; v пытаться, пробо­вать, сделать попытку attempted robbery по­пытка грабежа

attend [a'tend] v посещать

attentive [a'tentiv] а внима­тельный

attentively [a'tentivh] adv внимательно

attract [a'traekt] v привле­кать

attractive [a'traektiv] а при­влекательный

audience ['o:dians] n зрите­ли; слушатели

August ['oxjast] август

aunt [a:nt] n тетка

Australia [oi'streilia] Австра­лия

author ['о:Вэ] п автор

authority [o:'6onti] n автори­тет; лицо, пользующееся авторитетом

autumn [*D:tem] n осень

aviation [,eivi'eijn] n авиа­ция

avoid [a'void] v избегать


await [a'weit] v ждать, ожи­дать award [a'wo:d] v награждать aware [a'wea] а знающий, осведомленный (о чем-л.) away [a'wei] adv прочь awful ['о:ful] а ужасный awfully ['o:fiili] adv ужасно awhile [a'wail] adv ненадолго Ayrshire [*еэ}э] Эршир (графство в Англии)

В baby [beibi] n ребенок; дитя back [baek] а задний; adv на­зад; обратно backpack ['baekpask] n рюк­зак bacon ['beikan] n бекон bad [baed] а плохой badminton ['baedmmtan] n

бадминтон bag [Ьзгд] п сумка; мешок bag of flour пакет муки Bahamas [ЬэЪа:тэг] Багамы bake [beik] v печь baking soda ['beikm .sauda] пищевая сода balcony ['baelkani] n балкон Balkans ['bo:lkanz] Балканы ball [bo:l] n мяч; бал ballad ['basted] n баллада ballet ['baelei] n балет Baltic Sea [,bo:ltik'si:] Бал­тийское море banana [Ьэ'га:пэ] п банан bang [Ьзгт}] п сильный удар Bangladech [bas^gla'dej]

Бангладеп1 bank [baenk] п берег (реки, небольшого озера); банк banner [Ъаепэ] п знамя barn [ba:n] n сарай

458 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


459


baron [Ъэегэп] п барон basket ['ba:skit] n корзина basketball ['ba:skitbo:l] n

баскетбол bath [ba:9] n ванна bathe [beio] v купаться bathroom ['ba:9rum] n ван­ная комната battery ['baeten] n батарейка battle [baetl] n битва be [bi:] (was, were, been) v быть

be going (to) собираться, намереваться сделать что-либо beach [bi:tf] n пляж bear [Ьеэ] п медведь bear [Ьеэ] (bore, born) v вы­носить beautiful ['bjuitifal] а краси­вый beauty ['bju:ti] n красота;

красавица became [bi'keim] см. become because [Ы:'кэ:г] conj пото­му что; так как because of из-за become [Ьх'клт] (became,

become) v становиться becoming [bi'lcAmirj] а иду­щий к лицу (об одежде) bed [bed] n кровать twin beds [,twm 'bedz] две односпальные крова­ти bedroom ['bedrum] n спальня bee [bi:] n пчела been [bi:n] см. be beer [Ыэ] п пиво beet [bi:t] n свекла Beethoven ['beithauvan] Бет­ховен before [bffa: ]prep перед beg [beg] v умолять


began [bi'gaen] см. begin

begin [bi'gmj (began, begun) vначинать

begun [Ы'длп] см. begin

behind [bi'hamd] prep поза­ди

believe [bi'li:v] v верить; по­лагать

bell [bel] n звонок; колокол; колокольчик

belong [bi'brj] v принадле­жать

belongings [bi'brjirjz] вещи personal belongings лич­ные принадлежности (вещи)

beloved [bi'Uvad] а люби­мый

bench [bentf] n скамейка

bend [bend] (bent, bent) v наклоняться

bent [bent] см. bend

Bernard Shaw [,Ьэ:пэ#]э:] Бернард Шоу

berry [Ъеп] п ягода

beside [bi'said]prep рядом

besides [bi'saidz] prep кроме

best [best] о лучший best of all [bestev'Dil] луч­ше всего

between [bi'twi:n]prep между

beyond [bi'jond] prep за; за пределами

bicycle ['baisikl] n велосипед

big [big] а большой

bilingual [bai'lirjgwal] а дву­язычный, говорящий на двух языках

bill [bil] n счет

biology [bai'Dbd3i] n биоло­гия

biometrics [.baiau'metriks] n биометрия

bird [ba:d] n птица


birthday ['Ьэ-.Gdei] п день рождения

biscuits ['biskits] n печенье

bit [bit] n кусочек not a bit ни капельки

bite [bait] (bit, bitten) v ку­сать

bite [bait] n кусочек (отку­шенный)

bitter ['bite] а горький

bitterly ['biteli] adv горько

black [bla?k] а черный black coffee кофе без мо­лока

blackboard ['blaekboid] n классная доска

blacking ['blaekrn] n вакса, гуталин

blacksmith ['bla?k,smi9] n кузнец

blame [bleim] v обвинять

Blanche [bkr.nj] Бланш

blare [Ыеэ] v дать автомо­бильный гудок blaring siren ['sarren] вою­щая, ревущая сирена

blew [blu:] см. blow

blind [blamd] а слепой

blood [bUd] n кровь blood analysis [s'naebsis]

анализ крови blood pressure ['prep] кро­вяное давление

blouse [blauz] n блузка

blow [Ыэи] (blew, blown) v дуть

blown [bbun] см. blow

blue [blu:] а синий; голубой

board [bD:d] n доска board game [geim] на­стольная игра on board a ship на борту корабля scientific [saian'tifik] board ученый совет


board v: board a train сесть

на поезд

boat [baut] n лодка, корабль

boil [boil] v кипятить; варить

boil over „убежать" (напр.

о молоке)

boiled [boild] а кипяченый;

вареный bold [bauld] а смелый bolt [bault] v закрыть

(дверь) на засов bomb [Ьэт] п бомба bone [Ьэип] п кость book [buk] n книга bookcase ['bukkeis] n книж­ный шкаф bookshelf ['bukjelfj п книж­ная полка bookshop ['bukpp] n книж­ный магазин bookstall ['buksto:l] n книж­ный киоск bookstore ['buksto:] n книж­ный магазин bookworm ['bukwatm] n книжный червь (пере­носи.) boot [bu:t] n сапог born [Ьэ:п]: be born родить­ся borrow [Ъэгэи] v взять взай­мы

borrow books from the library брать книги в библиотеке boss [bos] n хозяин, босс both [Ьэи9] ргоп оба both ... and ... как ... так и... bother ['Ьэбэ] v беспокоить­ся); затруднять(ся); п беспокойство; хлопоты bottle [Ьэи] n бутылка bought [bD:t] см. buy bowl [baul] n миска; сосуд

460 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 461


box [boks] n коробка; ящик .boy [boi] n мальчик bracelet ['breislit] n браслет Bradbury ['braedban] Брэд­бери brake [breik] n тормоз branch [bra.ntf] n ветвь; от­расль brave [breiv] а храбрый bread [bred] n хлеб break [breik] n перерыв;пе-

ремена break [breik] (broke, broken) v ломать; разбить break down сломаться (о

машине) break into совершить гра­беж со взломом break out разразиться break up разбивать(ся) (о жизни); распадаться; развалиться (о семье, о доме) breakfast ["brekfast] n завтрак breath [breG] n дыхание; вздох

be out of breath запы­хаться breathe [bri:5] v дышать bridge [Ьгк1з] п мост bright [brait] а яркий brighten ['braitn] v проси­ять brightly ['braith] adv ярко brilliant ['bnljant] а блестя­щий bring [bnrj] (brought, brought) v приносить; приводить; привозить British Isles [,britif'ailz] Бри­танские острова broad [bro:d] о широкий Broadway [brordwei] Бродвей broke [braukj см. break


broken ['Ьгэикэп] см. break Bronze Horseman [,bronz 'horsman] Медный всадник brother [Ъглбэ] п брат brought [bro:t] см. bring brown [braun] а коричневый brush [Ьгл|] п щетка; v чис­тить

brush someone's hair [Ьеэ] причесать щеткой воло­сы build [bild] (built, built) v

строить building ['bildirj] n строи­тельство; здание built [bilt] см. build bunch [bAntJ] n букет;

гроздь; кисть bureau ['bjuareu] n бюро burglar ['baigta] n взлом­щик, грабитель, вор, ноч­ной грабитель burn [Ьэ:п] v гореть; жечь;

обжечься Burns [ba:nz] Берне burst [ba:st] (burst, burst) v разорваться; лопнуть burst into laughter ['la:fto]

рассмеяться burst into tears [tiaz] рас­плакаться burst out crying ['kramj]

расплакаться burst out laughing ['la:nrj] рассмеяться bury ['ben] v похоронить;

спрятать bus [bAsl n автобус bush [buj] n куст busily ['bizih] adv деловито;

энергично business ['biznis] n дело; биз­нес


businessman ['biznisman] n

бизнесмен busy ['bizi] а занят but [bAt] con) но butcher ['butp] n мясник butter ['bAta] n масло butter dish ['bAtadij] n мас­ленка' button ['bAtn] n пуговица buy [bai] (bought, bought) v

покупать by [bai] prep к Byron ['baiaran] Байрон buzzword ['bAzwa:d] n мод­ное словечко

С

cab [kaeb] n кэб, наемная карета; такси

cabbage ['ka?bid3] n капус­та

cabin ['kaebm] n кабина; ка­юта

cable [keibl] n кабель; теле­грамма

cactus ['kaektas] n кактус

cafe ['kaefei] n кафе

cafeteria [,каеп'пэпэ] п кафе­терий

cage [keid3] n клетка

cake [keik] n торт; пирожное fancy ['faensi] cake пирожное

calculator ['kaelkjuleita] n калькулятор

California [,kaek'fo:nJ3] Кали­форния

call [кэ:1] п зов; телефонный звонок; и звать; называть; звонить по телефону call at зайти (в какое-л.

место) call for зайти (за кем-л.) call on зайти (к кому-л.)


called [ko:ld] pp называ­емый, по имени calm [ka:m] a спокойный Cambridge ['кешшЬпёз]

Кеймбридж came [keim] см. come camera ['каетэгэ] п камера;

фотоаппарат camp [kaemp] n лагерь can [kaen] n консервная

банка can [ka?n] (could) v мочь;

уметь Canada ['kaenada] Канада canal [ka'nael] n канал Canary Islands [кэ'пеэп ,aitandz] Канарские острова cancel [kaensl] v отменить candle ['kaendl] n свеча cannon ['кзгпэп] п пушка cannot help ['kaenat'help] не

могу не canteen [ka?n'ti:n] n столо­вая (в учреждении) cap [ka?p] n кепка; шапка capable ['keipabl] а способ­ный Cape Town ['keiptaun] Кейп­таун capital ['kaepitl] n столица capitalist ['kspitahst] n капи­талист; а капиталисти­ческий captain ['kaeptm] n капи­тан car [ka:] n автомашина carbon ['ка:Ьэп] п уголь card [ka:d] n карточка cardiogram ['ka:di3ugra?m] n кардиограмма electrocardiogram [i,lektreu'ka:di3gra?m] ECG [,i:si:'d3i:] (BrE), EKG (AmE) электро­кардиограмма (ЭКГ)

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 463


саге [кеэ] п забота take care of заботить­ся о careful ['keafal] а тщатель­ный; осторожный carefully ['keafah] adv тща­тельно; осторожно careless ['keabs] о небреж­ный carpet ['ka:pit] n ковер carriage ['кэепёз] п карета;

вагон поезда carrot ['kaerst] n морковь carry ['kaen] v нести; везти carry-on v провозить с со­бой ручную кладь на бор­ту самолета

carry-on item предмет ручной клади carry-on traveller авиа­пассажир с ручной кладью

cartoon [ka:'tu:n] n мульт­фильм case [keis] n чемодан; сумка,

кейс; случай cash [kaej] n наличные день­ги cashier [kae'Jre] n кассир cash register ['rec^sta] n кас­совый аппарат; касса Caspian Sea [.kaespian'si:]

Каспийское море cassette [ka'set] n кассета cassette recorder [п'кэ:с1э]

кассетный магнитофон castle [ka:sl] n замок castor oil [rkaest3'roil] кас­торка cat [kaet] n кошка catch [kaet j] (caught, caught) v ловить, поймать; хва­тать, схватить catch a train успеть на по­езд


catch (a) cold простудиться caterpillar ['kaet3,pila] n гу­сеница cathode ['kasBaud] n катод Caucasus ['koikasas] Кавказ caught [ko:t] см. catch cause [ko:z] n причина; дело cause [ko:z] v явиться причи­ной; причинить; вызвать caviare ['kaevia:] n икра CD [,si: 'di:] (compact disk [.kam'paekt.disk]) n ком­пакт-диск Cedar Falls [,si:da 'forlz] Си-дер Фолз celebrate ['selibreit] v празд­новать cell phone ['selfaun] n сото­вый телефон central ['sentrel] а централь­ный centre ['sental n центр century ['sentJan] n столетие cereal ['sisiral] n изделия из дробленого зерна (куку­рузные, овсяные хлопья) certain ['saitn] а определен­ный; некий certainly ['saitnli] adv опре­деленно; конечно chair [t/еэ] п стул chalk [tfo:k] я мел champagne [Jaem'pem] n

шампанское champion ['tjaempian] n чем­пион championship ['tjaempianfip]

пчемпионат chance [tja.ns] n случай;

шанс change [tjemd3] v менять; заменять; разменивать (деньги); п изменение; мелкие деньги; сдача


chapter ['tjaepta] n глава

character ['kaenkta] n харак­тер; литературный герой

charge [tja:d3] v обвинять, выдвигать обвинение; предъявлять обвинение; записывать на счет

Charles Dickens [,tja:lz 'dikmz] Чарльз Диккенс

Charlotte Bronte [,Ja:bt Ъгэпп] Шарлотта Бронте

charm [tja:m] n обаяние, очарование, привлека­тельность, шарм

cheap [tji:p] а дешевый, не­дорогой

cheat [tji:t] v обманывать

check [tjek] v отмечать; проверять; п проверка; контроль; досмотр check-in v (за) регистри­роваться; п регистрация check-in luggage ['lAgid3] v сдавать вещи в багаж; п досмотр багажа check-in times n время регистрации (проверки, досмотра)

check up [Ч/екЧр] v проверять checkup ['tjek-лр] меди­цинский осмотр

checkroom [tjekrum] n каме­ра хранения

cheek [tji:kl n щека

cheerful ftjiafal] а бодрый; чудесный; весёлый

cheese [tfi:z] n сыр

chemical ['kemikl] а хими­ческий; n химическое вещество, реагент

chemistry ['kemistn] n химия

cheque [tjek] чек

cherry t'tjen] n вишня

chess [tfes] n шахматы


chest ['tjest] n грудная клет­ка; грудь

chest X-ray ['eks rei] рент­ген грудной клетки, флюорография Chicago [Ji'kaigau] Чикаго chicken ['tfikm] n цыпленок;

курица chief [t[i:f] n шеф; вождь child [tjaild] (мн. ч. children)

nребенок childhood ['tjaildhud] n дет­ство children ['tfildran] см. child chin [tjm] n подбородок Chinese [,tjai'ni:z] китай­ский; по-китайски chips [tjips] n чипсы chocolate ['tjokht] n шоко­лад; шоколадная конфета choose [t|u:z] (chose, chosen)

v выбирать chop [t/эр] v крошить; ре­зать; шинковать; провер­нуть через мясорубку chop up nuts [nAts] из­мельчить орехи Chopin ['/эраеп] Шопен Christie ['knsti] Кристи Christmas ['knsmas] Рожде­ство Christopher Columbus [.knstafe ka'Umbas] Хрис­тофор Колумб church [tja:tj] n церковь cigar [si'ga:] n сигара cigarette [siga'ret] n сигарета cinema ['smima] n кинотеатр circle [sa:kl] n круг circuit ['saikit] n цепь (элект­рическая) circulation of blood [,s3:kju'leifn av.bUd] крово­обращение

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Англо-русский словарь


465


circus [*sa:kas] n цирк

city ['siti] n город

clasp [kla:sp] v захватывать;

зажимать class [kla.s] n класс; урок,

занятие classes ['kla.siz] n курсы classical ['klaesikl] а класси­ческий classmate ['kla:smeit] n одно­классник classroom ['kla.srum] n

классная комната clean [kli:n] а чистый; v

чистить cleaner ['кН:пэ] п уборщик clear [klia] о чистый, ясный; v очищаться; становить­ся ясным; рассеиваться clear up проясняться (о погоде) clearly ['khalil adv ясно clench [klentj] v сжимать

(кулаки, зубы) clerk [klark] n клерк; прода­вец (амер.) clever ['kleva] a умный climate ['klaimit] n климат climb [klaim] v взбираться clinic ['khnik] n клиника

(медицинский центр) clock [kbk] n часы close [klauz] v закрывать close [klaus] а близкий closely ['klaush] adv близко closet ['klozit] n чулан cloth [kloG] n материя, ткань clothes [klaudz] n одежда clothing ['klaudii)] n одежда;

предметы одежды cloud [klaud] n облако cloudless ['klaudbs] а без­облачный club [kkb] n клуб


Clyde [klaid] Клайд coach [kautj] n дилижанс

sport coach тренер coalmine ['kaulmam] n

шахта coast [kaust] n побережье coat [kaut] n куртка; пид­жак; пальто coffee ['kofi] n кофе coffee table ['kofi,teibl] n

журнальный столик coin [кэш] п монета Coke [кэик] п кока-кола cold [kauld] а холодный; п холод

you have a cold in your head [hed] у тебя на­сморк collect [ka'lekt] v собирать collection [ka'lekfn] n кол­лекция

collection of stories сбор­ник рассказов college ['кэ1к1з] п колледж colour ['кл1э] п цвет combine [kam'bam] v объеди­нять come [клт] (came, come) v приходить; приезжать come across случайно встретить comedy ['komidi] n коме­дия comfort [TcAmfat] n комфорт;

удобства comfortable ['клтйэЫ] а

удобный comfortably ['клтиэЬк] adv

удобно commander [ka'ma:nda] n командир

commander in chief [ka.ma.ndar m'tfi:f] главно­командующий


commission [ka'mijn] n ко­миссия

commit [ka'mit] v совер­шать

commit a crime [kraim] со­вершить преступление

committee [ka'miti] n коми­тет

common ['кэтэп] a общий; обычный

common sense здравый смысл

company ['клтрэш] п ком­пания; труппа

competition [„kompi'tijn] n соревнование

complain [kam'plem] v жало­ваться

complete [kam'pli:t] а пол­ный

complex ['kompleks] а комп­лексный, сложный

complicated ['kDmplikeitid] a сложный

compose [kam'pauz] v сочи­нять

composer [кэт'рэигэ] п ком­позитор

composition [.kDmpa'ziJn] n сочинение

compress [kam'pres] v сжи­мать

compressed [kam'prest] pp сжатый

computer [kam'pju:ta] n ком­пьютер

concert ['knnsat] n концерт rock [гэк] concert рок-кон-церт

conclusion [кэп'к1и:зп] п за­ключение

condition [kan'dijn] n усло­вие; v надоумить; при­учать


conductor [kan'dAkta] n кон­дуктор (автобуса, трам­вая)

conference ['kDnfrans] n кон­ференция

confess [kan'fes] v призна­ваться

confirm [kan'fa:m] v подтвер­ждать

Congo ['кэт^дэи] Конго

congratulate [kan'graetfuleit] v поздравлять

consider [kan'sida] v рас­сматривать; считать

consist [kan'sist] v состоять

constraint [kan'stremt] n ско­ванность

consult [kan'sAlt] v совето­ваться с

consult the doctor обра­титься к врачу consult the timetable по­смотреть расписание

consultation [„kanssl'teijn] n консультация

contain [kan'tem] v содер­жать

container [kan'tema] n кон­тейнер

content ['kontent] n содержа­ние

continent ['kantmant] n кон­тинент

continue [kan'tmju:] v про­должаться)

contradict [,kontra'dikt] v воз­ражать

control [kan'traul] n управле­ние

convenient [kan'vi:niant] a удобный

conversation [.konva'seifn] n разговор

convince [kan'vms] v убеж­дать

466 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


467


cook [kuk] v готовить (пи­щу); п повар, кухарка cookie ['kuki] n печенье (сдобное)

cookie jar [d3a: ] банка для печенья cool [ku:l] а прохладный copper ['корэ] п котел copy ['kopi] v переписывать corn [ko:n] n зерно corner ['кэ:пэ] п угол corporal ['кэ:рэгэ1] п капрал correct [ka'rekt] v исправ­лять; а правильный correspondent [.kon'spDndant] n коррес­пондент corridor ['kondo:] n коридор cost [kost] (cost, cost) v

стоить cosy ['kauzi] а уютный cottage ['кэпёз] п домик в

сельской местности cottage cheese [tji.z] творог cotton ['kotn] n хлопок cotton wool [,kotn'wul] n вата couch [kautj] n кушетка cough [kof] v кашлять could [kud] см. can council [kaunsl] n совет count [kaunt] v считать count [kaunt] n граф country ['kAntri] n страна countryside ['kAntnsaid] n

сельская местность couple [клр1] /г пара courageous [кэ'гешзэв] a

храбрый course [ko:s] n курс ofcourse конечно cousin [клгп] п двоюродный брат; двоюродная сестра cover ['клуэ] v покрывать covered ['kvvvad] pp покры­тый


cow [kau] n корова crack [kraek] n щель crash [kraej] n авария; кру­шение; сильный удар или столкновение craving ['kreivii}] л страст­ное желание; стремле­ние; прихоть crawl [кгэ:1] v ползти creak [kri:k] v трещать,

скрипеть creased [krirst] а мятый create [krir'eit] v создавать;

творить credit ['kredit] n кредит credit card [ka:d] кредит­ная карточка Crewe [kru:] Kpy cricket ['krikit] n крикет crime [kraim] n преступление Crimea [krai'mia] Крым criminal ['knminal] n пре­ступник critic ['kntik] n критик criticism ['kntisizm] n крити­ка criticize ['kritisaiz] v крити­ковать crocodile ['krokadail] n кро­кодил crops [krops] n посевы; уро­жай cross [kros] v пересекать crow [kreu] n ворона crowd [kraud] n толпа crowded ['kraudid] а пере­полненный, битком наби­тый cruelty ['кги:э1и] п жесто­кость crunch [krAntf] v раздавить с

хрустом cry [krai] v кричать; вскри­чать; плакать; п крик


crystal ['knstl] n хрусталь, кристалл

cub [клЬ] п детеныш (дико­го зверя)

cucumber [*1ди:клтЬэ] п огу­рец

сир [клр] п чашка; кубок

cupboard ['kvvbad] n шкаф, буфет

cure [kjua] v вылечить

curiously ['kjusnasli] adv с любопытством

curl [кэ:1] v виться, курча­виться

current ['kArant] n течение; ток

curriculum [ka'rikjulam] n программа

curtain ['кэ-.tn] п занавеска, портьера; занавес

cushion [kujn] n диванная подушка

customer ['kAStama] n поку­патель; клиент

customs ['kAstamz] n та­можня

cut [kAt] (cut, cut) v резать cutting itemfaitsm] режу­щий предмет cut up разрезать; нашин­ковать; накрошить

cute [kju:t] а умный, сообра­зительный, остроумный, находчивый

cutlet ['kAtlit] n котлета

cynically ['smikali] adv ци­нично

D daily ['deih] о ежедневный, повседневный be on someone's daily run [глп] заниматься (обыч­ными) повседневными делами


damage ['daemid3] v разру­шать

damp [damp] а сырой, влаж­ный

dance [da:ns] v танцевать

dancer ['da:nsa] n танцор

danger ['ёетёзэ] n опас­ность

dangerous ['deindsaras] a опасный

Danube ['daenjurb] Дунай

dare [dea] v сметь

dark [dark] a темный

darkness ['darknis] n темно­та

date [deit] n дата, число

daughter ['dD:ta] n дочь

day [dei] n день day off выходной день one day однажды

daylight ['deilait] n дневной свет

daytime ['deitaim] n день, дневное время

deadly ['dedli] а смертонос­ный; смертельный

deaf [def] а глухой

deal [di:l] n: a great deal очень много

dear [dia] а дорогой

death [deG] n смерть

debt [det] n долг

debtor ['deta] n должник

decade ['dekeid] n десяти­летие

deceive [di'si:v] v обманы­вать

December [di'semba] де­кабрь

decent ['di:sant] а прилич­ный; порядочный; благо­родный

decide [di'said] v решать

decision [di'si3n] n решение

deck [dek] n палуба

468 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


469


decline [di'klam] v откло­нять decorate ['dekareit] v укра­шать; убирать; декориро­вать deep [di.p] а глубокий deer [dia] n олень defence [di'fens] n защита;

оборона defend [di'fend] v защищать defensive [di'fensiv] a

защитный delay [di'lei] v задержи­вать delegate ['deligit] n делегат delegation [,deli'gei|n] n де­легация delicious [di'hjas] а очень вкусный; восхититель­ный delighted [di'laitid] а очаро­ван; в восторге deliver [da'hva] v достав­лять

deliver a lecture ['lektja] читать лекцию Denmark ['denma.k] Дания dense [dens] а густой; плот­ный dentist ['dentist] n зубной

врач deny [di'nai] v отрицать depart [di'pa:t] v уходить;

уезжать department [di'pa:tmant] n отдел; отделение department store [sto:] универсальный мага­зин departure [di'pa:tja] n отъезд;

отправление;отлет depend [di'pend] v зависеть depressed [di'prest] а по­давленный; угнетенный; унылый


descend [di'send] v спус­каться describe [di'skraib] v описы­вать desert ['dezat] n пустыня desert island ['ailand] не­обитаемый остров deserve [di'za:v] v заслужи­вать design [di'zain] n проект desire [di'zaia] n желание desk [desk] n парта; пись­менный стол; конторка dessert [di'za:t] n десерт,

сладкое (блюдо) destination [,desti'neijn] n

место назначения detail ['di:teil] n деталь, под­робность detective [di'tektiv] n сы­щик, детектив detector [di'tekta] n детектив metal detector металло-искатель determine [di'ta:mm] v уста­навливать; определять devastation [,deva'steijan] n разрушение, опустоше­ние device [di'vais] n приспособ­ление devoted [di'vautid] а предан­ный diagram ['daiagraem] n диа­грамма diamond ['daiamand] n ал­маз; бриллиант dictation [dik'teijn] n дик­тант dictionary ['dikjanan] n сло­варь die [dai] v умирать dielectric [,dau'lektrik] n ди­электрик


diet ['daiat] n диета

different ['difrant] а различ­ный; отличный (от чего-л.); не такой

differently ['difranth] adv не так; по-другому

difficult ["dmkalt] а трудный

difficulty ['difikalti] n труд­ность

did [did] см. do

dig [dig] (dug, dug) v ко­пать

dining room ['daminrum] n столовая

dinner ['dma] n обед

direction [di'rekjn] n направ­ление

directly [di'rekth] adv прямо

director [di'rekta] n режис­сер; директор (компании и т.д.)

dirty ['da:ti] а грязный

disagreeable [,disa'gri:abl] a неприятный

disappear [.disa'pia] v исче­зать

disappointed [.disa'pomtid] a разочарованный

disappointment [,disa' pomtmant] n разоча­рование

disaster [di'za:sta] n бед­ствие; катастрофа

discipline ['disiplin] n дис­циплина

disco ['diskau] n дискотека (танцы под магнитофон­ную музыку) discotheque ['diskatek, .diska'tek ] n дискотека

discover [dis'kAva] v от­крыть (сделать откры­тие); обнаружить discovery [dis'kAvan] n открытие


discuss [di'skAs] v обсуждать discussion [di'skA^n] n обсуж­дение disease [di'zi:z] n болезнь dish [dif] n блюдо

dislike [dis'laik] n непри­язнь; нелюбовь

dislike [dis'laik] v не лю­бить; не нравиться

displace [dis'pleis] v сме­щать; вытеснять

displease [dis'pli:z] v вызы­вать неудовольствие

displeased [dis'plirzd] а недо­вольный

distance ['distsns] n расстоя­ние

distant ['distant] а отдален­ный

district ['distnkt] n район

disturb [di'starb] v беспоко­ить, мешать

ditch [ditf] nканава

dive [daiv] v нырять

divide [di'vaid] v делить

do [du:] (did, done) v делать do away with покончить с do good приносить пользу

dock [dnk] n док

doctor ['doktaj n доктор

dog [dog] n собака

doll [dot] n кукла

dollar ['dola] n доллар

Dombey and Son [.dombi and'sAn] Домби и Сын

done [dAn] см. do

door [do:] n дверь out of doors на открытом воздухе

doorkeeper ['dD:,ki:pa] n привратник

doorstep ['dD:step] n сту­пенька крыльца

doorway ['do:wei] n дверь (дверной проем)

470 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


471


dormitory ['dornutn] n дорту-. ар; общая спальня; сту­денческое общежитие double [ёлЫ] а двойной

doubt [daut] n сомнение

Douglas ['dAglas] Дуглас

Dover ['dauva] Дувр

down [daun] adv вниз; внизу

downstairs [,daun'steaz] adv вниз (no лестнице); вни­зу

drank [drarnk] см. drink

draught [dra.ft] n сквозняк

draw [dro:] (drew, drawn) v тащить; рисовать

drawer [dro:] n выдвижной ящик (стола; буфета; ко­мода)

drawing room ['dro:rnrum] n гостиная

drawn [dro:n] см. draw

dream [dri:m] (dreamed or dreamt) v мечтать; ду­мать; помышлять; п сон; мечта

dreamed [dri.md] см. dream

dreamt [dremt] см. dream

drenched [drent/t] а промок­ший

dress [dres] n платье; v оде­ваться

dressing table ['dresm ,teibl] n туалетный столик

drew [dru:] см. draw

drink [drink] (drank, drunk) и пить

drive [draiv] (drove, driven) v гнать; вести машину; ехать на машине; приво­зить; отвозить на машине drive off уехать drive up подъехать

driver ['draiva] n водитель


driver's license

['draivaz 'laisns] n (AraE) водительские права

driving license ['draivin 'laisns] n (BrE) водительские права driving test ['drarvrn.test] экзамен по вождению

drop [drop] v ронять; бро­сать; стихать, прекра­титься

drop in заглянуть, зайти на минутку к кому-л.

drown [draun] v тонуть

drug [drAg] n лекарство

drunk [drAnk] см. drink

dry [drai] а сухой

duchess ['dAtjis] n герцогиня

dug [dAg] см. dig

dull [dAl] а скучный; пас­мурный (о погоде)

during ['djuann]prep во вре­мя; в течение

dust [dAst] n пыль

duty ['dju:ti] n долг; обязан­ность on duty дежурный

each [i:tf] joron каждый each other друг друга

eager ['i:ga] a: be eager очень хотеть

ear [ia] п ухо

early ['a:h] а ранний

earn [э:п] v зарабатывать earn a living зарабаты­вать на жизнь

earth [э:0] п земля

earthquake ['a:9kweik] n зем­летрясение

ease [i:z] n легкость feel at ease чувствовать себя свободно (не ско­ванно)


easily ['r.zili] adv легко

easy ['i:zi] а легкий

east [i:st] n восток

eastern ['i:stan] а восточный

East River ['i:st,nva] Ист Ри-вер (река в Нью Йорке)

eat [i:t] (ate, eaten) v есть eat noisily ['noizili] чав­кать

eaten ['i:tn] см. eat

echo ['ekau] n эхо

edge [ed3] n край

Edinburgh ['edinbara] Эдин­бург

education [,edju'keijn] n об­разование

effect [1'fekt] n последствие

effective [I'fektiv] о эффек­тивный

effort f'efat] n усилие

egg [eg] n яйцо

egoism ['egauizm] n эгоизм

Egypt ['i:d3ipt] Египет

eighteen [,ei'ti:n] пит восемнадцать

eighty perti] пит восемьде­сят

elastic [1'laestik] а эластич­ный

elder ['elda] а старший

electrical [i'lektnkl] а элект­рический

electricity [i ,lek'tnsm] n элект­ричество

electron [ilektron] n элект­рон

electronic [i,lek'trDtiik] о электронный

elegant ['ehgant] а очень красивый; элегантный; роскошный

elephant ['elifant] n слон

Elizabeth [i'lizaba0] Елиза­вета


else [els] adv еще

e-mail ['i:meil] (electronic

[i Jek'tronik] mail) n элект­ронная почта

embankment [im'baenkmant] n набережная

embarrass [im'bajras] v сму­щать; приводить в заме­шательство

emergency [i'ma:d3insi] n неотложная помощь

emergency room [rum] n приемный покой

employ [im'ploi] v нани­мать

empty ['empti] а пустой; v впадать (ореке); опораж­нивать; собирать (выни­мать) письма из почтовых ящиков

empty-handed [,empti'ha?ndid] а с пустыми руками

empty-headed [,empti'hedid] а пустоголовый

encourage [т'клгк1з] v ободрять; поощрять; поддерживать; подстре­кать; потворствовать

encouraging [т'клг^зго] а ободряющий

encyclopedia [m.saikla'pi:dia] п энциклопедия

end [end] n конец

endless ['endlas] о бесконеч­ный

endure [m'djua] v выносить, выдерживать

enemy ['enimi] n враг

energetic [,ena'd3etik] а энер­гичный; активный

energy ['enad3i] n энергия

engage [m'geid3] v нани­мать на работу; занимать чем-л.

472 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


473


English ['rrjghj] англий-

. ский; по-английски English Channel [,irjgli|

'tjaenl] JIa Манш Englishman ['rnghjman] n

англичанин engine ['end3in] n мотор engineer [,end3i'nia] n инже­нер enjoy [in'd3Di] v наслаждать­ся

enormous [I'ro.mas] а огром­ный

enough [iWfl adv довольно, достаточно

enter ['enta] v входить; по­ступать (в учебное заве­дение)

entertainment [.enta'temmant] п развлечение

entrance ['entrans] n вход entrance hall [ho:l] вести­бюль

envelope ['envibup] n кон­верт

equipment [I'kwipmant] n оборудование

error ['егэ] п ошибка; заблуждение; ложное представление

eruption [гтлр/п] n изверже­ние

escape [1'skeip] v спастись; бежать

escort [i'skD:t] v конвоиро­вать (арестованного)

essentially [i'senjali] adv в сущности

etc.: et cetera [,et'setra] и так далее

Ethiopia [,i:9i'aupia] Эфио­пия

Europe ['ju:arap] Европа

even [i:vn] adv даже


evening ['i:vnrn] n вечер ever ['eva] adv когда-ни­будь every ['evnjpron каждый everyone ['evriwAn] pron

каждый; все everything ['evn9rn]pron все everywhere ['evriwea] adv

везде evidently ['evidantli] adv

очевидно exact [ig'zaekt] а точный exactly [ig'zsekh] adv точно examination [ig,za?mi'neijn], (also exam) n экзамен medical ['medikl] exami­nation медицинский осмотр examine [ig'zaemm] v экза­меновать; осматривать exceedingly [ik'si:dirjli] adv исключительно, чрезвычайно excellent ['eksalant] а отлич­ный except [ik'sept] adv кроме exception [ik'sepfn] n исклю­чение exchange [iks'tfemd3] n обмен exchange student ['stju:dant] студент по об­мену excited [ik'saitid] а воз­бужденный; взволнован­ный exciting [ik'saitrn] а захва­тывающий, увлекатель­ный exclaim [ik'skleim] v вос­кликнуть exclamation [,ekskla'meifn] n

восклицание excursion [ik'ska:Jn] n экс­курсия excuse [ik'skju:z] v извинить


exercise ['eksasaiz] n упраж­нение

morning exercises [ ,тэ:шг) 'eksasaiziz] утренняя за­рядка exercise book ['eksasaizbuk]

nтетрадь exhausted [ig'zo:stid] а изму­ченный, изнуренный exhibition [,eksi'bijn] n вы­ставка exist [ig'zist] v существовать exit ['eksit] n выход expect [ik'spekt] v ожидать;

рассчитывать expectantly [ik'spektanth]

adv в ожидании expedition [,ekspi'dijn] n

экспедиция expensive [ik'spensiv] а доро­гой experience [ik'spianans] n

опыт experienced [ik'spiananst] a

опытный experiment [ik'spenmant] n

эксперимент experimental [ik.spen'mentl]

а экспериментальный explain [ik'splem] v объяс­нять explanation [.ekspla'neijn] n

объяснение explore [ik'spb:] v исследо­вать explorer [ik'spb:ra] n иссле­дователь explosion [ik'splau33n] n

взрыв expression [ik'sprejan] n вы­ражение extra ['ekstra] а добавочный;

дополнительный extract ['ekstraekt] n отры­вок


extracurricular activities

[,ekstraka'nkjubr aek'tivitiz] внеклассная работа eye [ai] n глаз eyeglasses ['aigla:siz] n очки eyesight ['aisait] n зрение

F

face [feis] n лицо; v встре­чаться лицом к лицу; обращаться лицом к; облицовывать facial ['feifal] a facial expre­ssion выражение лица fact [fa?kt] n факт

in fact в сущности factory ['faektan] n завод;

фабрика fail [feil] v потерпеть неуда­чу; провалиться на экза­мене; оставлять; поки­дать fair [fea] а прекрасный fairy tale ['feanteil] n сказка faithful [TeiSfal] а верный fall [fo:l] (fell, fallen) v падать

fall asleep заснуть fall ill заболеть fall in love влюбиться fall into the trap [tra?p] по­пасться в ловушку fallen ['fo:bn] см. fall false [foils] а неверный;

ложный familiar [fa'milja] а знако­мый family ['faemih] n семья famous [Teimas] о знамени­тый fan [faen] n болельщик fantastic [fa?n'ta?stik] а фан­тастический; нереаль­ный, сказочный; потря­сающий; изумительный

474 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


475


far [fa:] adv далеко Far East [,fa:r'i:st] Даль­ний Восток fare [fea] n плата за проезд farm [farm] n ферма farmer ['fa.ma] п фермер farmyard ['fa:mja:d] n двор

фермы farther [Та:бэ] adv дальше fascinate ['faesmeit] v очаро­вывать, приводить в вос­хищение, пленять fashionable [Taejnabl] а мод­ный fast [fa:st] a быстрый fasten [fa:sn] v прикреплять father [Та:бэ] п отец favour [Teiva] n: in favour of

в пользу favourable ['feivarabl] а бла­гоприятный favourite ['feivant] а люби­мый fear [fia] n страх

no fear не бойся fearful ['fiafal] а страш­ный feather [Тебэ] п перо (пти­цы) February [Tebruan] февраль fed [fed] см. feed feed [fi:d] (fed, fed) v кормить feel [fi:l] (felt, felt) v чув­ствовать

feel in a position считать себя в состоянии что-л. сделать feel at liberty ['libati] быть вправе что-л. делать feeling ['fi.lrn] n чувство feet [fi:t] см. foot fell [fel] см. fall fellow ['febu] n парень fellow student ['stju:dant] n сокурсник felt [felt] см. feel


fence [fens] n забор festival ['festival] n фести­валь; праздник theatre ['Giata] festival те­атральный фестиваль few [fju:] pron мало field [fi:ld] n поле figure ['ftga] п фигура; циф­ра; v рассчитывать fill [fil] v наполнять fill a tooth [tu:9] заплом­бировать зуб film [film] n фильм; пленка film actor ['aekta] n кино­актер final ['fainl] а конечный finally ['famah] adv в конце find [famd] (found, found) v находить

find out выяснить, разу­знать fine [fain] а красивый; чудес­ный fine [fain] v оштрафовать;

n штраф finger ['frnga] n палец fingerprint ['fmgapnnt] n от­печаток пальца finish ['finif] vкончать Finland ['fmland] Финлян­дия fire [faia] n огонь; костер; пожар; v уволить (с рабо­ты), освободить от зани­маемой должности fire brigade [Таю bn,geid] n

пожарная команда fireman ['faiaman] п пожар­ный, пожарник fireplace ['faiapleis] n камин firm [farm] а твердый first [fa.st] пит первый; adv

сперва firtree [Ta:tri:] n елка


fish [fij] n рыба; v ловить рыбу

fisherman ['fijaman] n рыбак

fishing rod ['fijrn,rod] n удочка

fist [fist] n кулак

fix [fiks] v укреплять; уста­навливать; чинить

flag [flaeg] n флаг

flammable ['flajmabal] а лег­ко воспламеняющийся

flash [fla:J] v вспыхивать, мелькать, мигать, сигна­лить (светом) flashing light ['flaejirjlait] сигнальный свет; ми­галка

flat [flaet] n квартира

flew [flu:] см. fly

flight [flait] n авиарейс

flood [fUd] n наводнение

floor [flo:] n пол; этаж

flour [flaua] n мука

flow [flau] v течь

flower ['flaua] n цветок

flown [flaun] см. fly

flu [flu:] n грипп

fluently ['fluantli] adv бегло

flushed [fL\|t] а раскраснев­шийся

fly [flai] (flew, flown) v ле­тать

fog [fog] n туман

fold [fauld] v складывать

folk [fauk] n народ

follow ['folau] v следовать за

following ['folaurn] а следу­ющий

fond [fond] a: be fond of очень любить

food [fu:d] n пища

fool [fu:l] n дурак

foolish ['fu:lij] а глупый


foot [fut] (мн. ч. feet) n нога, фут

football ffutborl] n футбол

footprint ['fut„print] n след, отпечаток (ноги)

for [fo:]prep для

forecast ['fb:ka:st] v делать прогноз; предсказывать; n weather forecast ['weda 'fD:ka:st] прогноз погоды

force [fa:s] n сила

foreign ['form] а иностран­ный

forest [Tonst] n лес

forgave [fa'geiv] см. forgive

forget [fa'get] (forgot, for­gotten) v забывать

forgetful [fa'getfal] а забыв­чивый

forgive [fa'giv] (forgave, forgiven) v прощать

forgiven [fa'givn] см. forgive

forgot [fa'got] см. forget

forgotten [fa'gotn] см. forget

fork [fo:k] n вилка

Forsyte Saga ['fD:sait,sa:ga] „Сага о Форсайтах"

fortifications [„fb:tifi'keifnz] n укрепления, фортифика­ции

fortnight ['fD:tnait] n две не­дели

fortune ['foitpn] п состоя­ние; удача; фортуна; уйма денег

forty [Тэ:п] пит сорок

forward ['fD:wad] adv вперед

found [faund] см. find

founder ['faunda] n основа­тель

fourteen [,fo:'ti:n] пит че­тырнадцать

fox [foks] n лиса

fragrant [Treigrant] а душис­тый

476 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


477


France [fra:ns] Франция frankly ['fraeukh] adv откро­венно

free [fri:] а свободный; бес­платный

freeze [fri:z] v замерзать

French [frentj] француз­ский; по-французски French fries [,frentf'fraiz] жареный картофель „фри" (чипсы)

fuss [fXs] n суматоха; суета; шум

Frenchman ['frentjman] n француз

frequently ['frirkwanth] adv часто; постоянно

fresh [frej] а свежий

freshman ['frejmon] n нови­чок

Friday ['fraidi] пятница

fridge [fnd3] n холодиль­ник; холодильная камера без морозильника (AmE)

fried [fraid] а жареный

friend [frend] n друг

make friends подружиться

friendly ['frendh] а друже­ственный; дружелюбный

friendship ['frendfip] n друж­ба

frighten ['fraitn] v пугать

frightened ['fraitnd] а испу­ганный, напуганный

from [from]prep от; с

front [frAnt] n: in front of перед

front а передний front door [do:] парадная дверь

frost [frost] n мороз

frosty ['frosti] а морозный

frown [fraun] v хмуриться

fruit [fru:t] n фрукт


fruitcake ['frurtkeik] n торт с орехами и цукатами, а также с консервирован­ными фруктами full [ful] а полный fun [fAn] n веселье, забава,

развлечение funny [Таги] а смешной fur coat ['faikoutl n шуба furniture [Тэ:пп]э] п мебель future ['fjurtp] n будущее; а

будущий fuss [fXs] n суматоха; суета; шум

G Gadfly ['gaedflai] Овод gallery ['gaebn] n галерея Galsworthy ['go:lzwa:di] Гол-

суорси game [geim] n игра gangway ['gaerjwei] n трап garage ['да?га:з, де'гагз] п га­раж garden [ga:dn] n сад gas [gaes] n газ gas cooker ['ga?s,kuko] n га­зовая плита gas station ['ga?s,steijn] n ав­тозаправочная станция gate [geit] n ворота; калитка gather ['дагбэ] v собираться) gave [geiv] см. give geese [gi:s] см. goose general ['<1зепэгэ1] а всеоб­щий generate ['d3enareit] v гене­рировать, производить Geneva [d3o'ni:v3] Женева Genoa ['dsenauo] Генуя gentleman ['dgentlman] n

джентльмен geography [d3i'ografi] n гео­графия


geometry [d3i'omitn] n гео­метрия George Bernard Shaw [,d3o:d3,b3:rad'jo:] Джордж Бернард Шоу German [^зэ:тэп] немец­кий; по-немецки Germany [Мзэ:тэш] Герма­ния get [get] (got, got) v доста­вать; получать; попа­дать; добраться; доехать; становиться

get angry ['aerjgri] рассер­диться get down to взяться за get fat [fa?t] располнеть,

растолстеть get off сойти (с трамвая,

автобуса ) get on (with) ладить get out of the car выйти

из машины get through дозвониться

(по телефону) get up вставать gift [gift] n подарок; дар; талант

gift for languages [4aengwid3iz] m способ­ность к языкам give [giv] (gave, given) v да­вать; устраивать (вече­ринку)

give up бросить given [givn] см. give glad [glaed] а рад gladly ['glaedli] adv с удо­вольствием glance [gla:ns] n взгляд glass [glcr.s] n стекло; ста­кан glasses ['glarsiz] n очки glove [д1лу] п перчатка


go [дэи] (went, gone) v идти, ходить; ездить go on продолжать; про­исходить go out выходить; развле­каться (ходить куда-либо); гаснуть (о свете) go to the movies ['mu:viz] AmE (pictures ['piktjaz] BrE) ходить в кино goat [gout] n коза God [gad] n Бог gold [gauld] n золото golden ['дэиИэп] а золотой goldfish ['дэиЫ,й}] n сереб­ряный карась; золотая рыбка gone [доп] см. go Gone with the Wind [,gon wid de'wind] (книга и фильм) „Унесенные вет­ром" good [gud] а хороший Good Samaritan [,gud sa'maentan] n добрый са­маритянин; добросер­дечный человек goose [gu:s] (мн. ч. geese) n

гусь got [got] см. get, а также

have government ['gAvanmant] n

правительство grab [grseb] v внезапно схва­тить; хватать graduate ['gra?d3uit] v окан­чивать (учебное заведе­ние) graduation [,gra?d3u'eijn] n окончание (учебного за­ведения) grammar Гдгэетэ] п грамма­тика grandchildren ['дгагп ,tjildran] n внуки

478 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


479


grandfather ['grasnd,fa:d3] n

дедушка grandmother ['дгагп.тлбэ] п

бабушка grandparents ['graenjjearants]

п бабушка и дедушка grandson ['дгагшлп] п внук granite ['дгагпп] п гранит grapes [greips] n виноград grass [gra:s] и трава great [greit] а великий; очень большой; замеча­тельный Great Britain [,greit'bntn]

Великобритания greatly ['greith] adv очень Greece [gri:s] Греция greediness ['grirdmis] n жад­ность Greek [gri:k] греческий; по-гречески green [gri:n] а зеленый Greenland ['gri:nbnd] Грен­ландия greet [grirt] v приветство­вать greeting ['griitirj] n привет­ствие grew [gru:] см. grow grey [grei] а серый; седой ground [graund] и земля group [gru:p] n группа grow [дгэи] (grew, grown) v

расти; выращивать grown [дгэип] см. grow grown-up n взрослый gruel ['дш:э1] п каша guard [ga.d] n охрана,

охранник, страж guess [ges] v угадать; ду­мать (AmE) guest [gest] n гость guide [gaid] n гид


Guinness Book of Records

[,gm3sbuk av 'rekordz] Кни­га рекордов Гиннесса

guitar [gi'ta:] n гитара

Gulf of Finland [,gAlf av 'fmbnd] Финский залив

Gulliver's Travels [,длЬуэг 'traevalz] „Путешествия Гулливера"

gun [длп] п ружье; писто­лет; пушка

Н habit ['hasbrt] n привычка had [hasd] см. have Hague [heig] Гаага hair [Ьеэ] п волосы half [ha.f] n половина hall [ho:l] п зал; прихожая halt [ho:lt] n остановка ham [hasm] n ветчина hand [hasnd] n рука; v вру­чать

hand in сдавать handbag ['hasndbasg] n су­мочка handkerchief ['hasiikgtjif] n

носовой платок handsome ['hasnsam] а кра­сивый handwriting ['hasnd,raitio] n

почерк hang [hasi]] (hung, hung) v

висеть; вешать happen [Ъагрэп] v случаться happening [Ъагрпп)] п случай happily ['haspili] adv счаст­ливо happiness ['haepmis] n

счастье happy ['haspi] а счастливый harbour [Ъа:Ьэ] п гавань hard [hard] a твердый, жесткий; суровый adv упорно


hard life тяжелая жизнь work hard упорно тру­диться

hardly ['ha:dli] adv едва

hardship ['ha:d|ip] n труд­ность; неприятность; невзгода

hardworking ['ha:dw3:kn}] a трудолюбивый

hare [Ьеэ] п заяц

Harlem River [,ha:bm'nv3] Гарлем Ривер (река в Нью-Йорке)

harm [ha:m] n вред do harm причинять вред

Harry Trench [.hasri'trentj] Гарри Тренч

Harvard ['hcuvad] Гарвард

hasten [heisn] v спешить

hat [hast] n шляпа

hate [heit] v ненавидеть

have [hasv] (had, had) v, a также have got v иметь

hay [hei] n сено

head [hed] n голова; глава

headache ['hedeik] n голов­ная боль

splitting ['sphtiTj] head­ache очень сильная го­ловная боль („трещит голова")

headmistress [,hed'mistris] п директор школы (жен­щина)

health [hel6] n здоровье

healthful ['helGful] а здоро­вый, полезный для здоро­вья

health resort ['hel6n,zD:t] n дом отдыха, санаторий

healthy [*hel6i] а здоровый, имеющий хорошее здо­ровье; полезный

hear [his] (heard, heard) v слышать


heard [ha:d] см. hear

heart [ha:t] n сердце; by heart adv наизусть

heart attack ['ha:ta,task] n сердечный приступ

heartily ['ha:tih] adv сер­дечно

heat [hi:t] n жара

heavily ['hevili] adv тяжело

heavy ['hevi] а тяжелый

heel [hi:l] n пятка; каблук

height [hart] n рост; высота

helicopter ['helikopta] n вер­толет

helium ['hi:lrem] n гелий

held [held] см. hold

hellp [ha'bu, he'bu] (hallo) intалло; привет

help [help] v помогать; п помощь

Hemingway ['hemnjwei] Хе­мингуэй

hen [hen] n курица

her [Ъэ:]ргоп её; ей

here [hia] adv здесь; сюда

Hermann [Ъэ:тэп] Германн

Hermitage ['h3:mitid3] Эр­митаж

hero ['hrarau] п герой

hesitate ['heziteit] v коле­баться

hid [hid] см. hide

hide [haid] (hid, hidden) v прятать(ся)

hide-and-seek (игра в) прятки

high [hai] а высокий high-tech [,hai'tek] n высо­кие технологии (исполь­зование самой передовой техники, процессов и ме­тодов)

highly ['haili] adv высоко

480 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


481


hijack [Ъак1загк] v угонять; похищать

hijacked ['haid3ffikt] pp за­хваченный; угнанный; похищенный (самолет, автобус)

hijacker [Ъа^загкэ] п угон­щик, бандит

hill [hil] n холм

Hilton [hiltn] Хилтон (отель)

him [him]pron ему; его

Himalayas [,hima'leiaz] Ги­малаи

hire [haia] v нанимать

his [hiz] pron его

historical [hi'stankl] а исто­рический

history ['histan] n история

hobby ['habi] n конек, хобби, любимое занятие, увлече­ние чем-л.

hockey ['haki] n хоккей

Hogarth [Ъэидскб] Хогарт

holiday ['holidi] n канику­лы; праздник

hold [hauld] (held, held) v держать

hold smb hostige [Ъэбгюз] держать кого-л. в каче­стве заложника hold up задержать

hold n: take hold of взять­ся (ухватиться) за

home [haum] adv домой at home дома

hometown [,haum'taun] n родной город

homework ['haumwa:k] п до­машнее задание

honest ['anist] а честный

honey [Ълш] п мед

hoot [hu:t] v гудеть; ухать (о сове)

hope [haup] v надеяться


horizon [ha'raizan] n гори­зонт horrible [ЪэгэЫ] а ужасный horror [Ъэгэ] п ужас horse [ha:s] и лошадь horseback ['haisbask] n: on

horseback верхом horseshoe ['ho.sju:] n подкова hospitable ['haspitabal] a

гостеприимный hospital ['hasprtl] n больница hospital gown [gaun] и ру­башка из бумаги, кото­рая выбрасывается после осмотра каждого пациен­та hospitalize ['haspitlaiz] v гос­питализировать host [haust] n хозяин hostess ['haustis] n хозяйка hostige ['hostid3] n залож­ник hot [hot] а жаркий; горячий hotel [hau'tel] n гостиница hour [ада] п час house [haus] n дом how [hau] adv как however [hau'eva] adv как бы

то ни было; con) однако howl [haul] v выть Hudson River [,hAdsn'riva]

река Гудзон huge [hju:d3] а огромный humour ['hjurma] n юмор sense of humor [,sensav 'hjurma] чувство юмора hundred ['hAndrid] n сто hung [h/vrj] см. hang hunger ['h/vrjga] п голод hungry [Ълг)дп] а голодный hunter ['lunta] n охотник hurry [Ълп] v спешить; п

спешка hurt [hart] (hurt, hurt) v уши­бить; причинить боль


husband ['Lvzband] n муж hydrogen ['haidrad3an] n во­дород hypocricy [hi'paknsi] n лице­мерие

I

ice [ais] n лед

ice cream [,ais'kri:m] n моро­женое

icon ['aikan] n икона

idea [ai'dia] n идея; мысль

ideal [ai'dial] n идеал; а идеальный

identify [ai'dentifai] v опо­знавать

identity [ai'dentiti] n личность identity card [ka:d] удосто­верение личности

ignore [ig'na:] v игнориро­вать; пренебрегать

ill [il] а больной

illness ['ilnis] n болезнь

imagine [i'maed3in] v вообра­жать; представлять

imitate ['imiteit] v имитиро­вать

immediate [i'mi:diat] а не­медленный, мгновенный; ближайший

immediately [i'mi:diath] adv немедленно

impact ['impaekt] n воздей­ствие

implant ['impla:nt] n им­плантант

importance [im'paitans] n важность

important [im'partant] а важ­ный

imported [im'partid] а им­портный impossible [im'pasabl] а не­возможный


impress [im'pres] v произво­дить впечатление

imprison [im'pnzn] v заклю­чать в тюрьму

imprisonment [im'pnznmant] n тюремное заключение

improve [im'pruiv] v улуч­шать

inattentive [ .ina'tentiv] а не­внимательный

income ['mkam] n доход

increase [m'kri:s] v увеличи­ваться)

indeed [m'di:d] adv в самом деле; действительно

independence [,inda'pendans] n независимость

India ['india] Индия

Indian Ocean [,indian'aujn] Индийский океан

indicate ['mdikeit] v указы­вать; давать знать о

indivisible [,indi'vizibl] а не­делимый

Indonesia [mda'nirzia] Индо­незия

inferior [m'fiaria] а подчи­ненный; стоящий ниже

inform [m'fo:m] v информи­ровать

information [.mfa'meijn] n информация

injure ['ind3a] v ушибить; повредить; ранить

injustice [in'd3AStis] неспра­ведливость

ink [irjk] n чернила

inky ['irjki] а чернильный; испачканный чернилами

inn [in] n постоялый двор

innocent ['inasant] а неви­новный; невинный insect ['msekt] n насекомое

16 Ю. Голицынский

482 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


483


inside [m'said] adv внутри;

внутрь insist [m'sist] v настаивать inspect [m'spekt] v инспек­тировать, проверять instance ['mstans] n: for

instance например instead of [m'stedav] вместо institute ['mstrtjurt] n инсти­тут instruct [in'strAkt] v ин­структировать; давать указания;обучать

instruction [m'strAkjn] n инструкция; указание; обучение

intelligent [m'tehd33nt] а ум­ный, сообразительный

intend [in'tend] v намере­ваться

interest ['mtrsst] n проценты

interest ['mtrast] v интересо­вать

interested ['mtrastid] a: be interested интересоваться

interesting ['mtrsstrn] а инте­ресный

interfere [дШэ'пэ] v вмеши­ваться

internationally [^ints'naspnali] adv в международном масштабе; за границу

interpreter [m'taipnte] n пе­реводчик

interrupt [,intg'rApt] v преры­вать; перебивать

interval ['mtovsl] n перерыв

interview ['mtavju:] n ин­тервью

introduce [,mtr3'dju:s] v представлять (кого-л. кому-л.)

invent [m'vent] v изобретать

invention [m'venjn] n изо­бретение


inventor [m'venta] n изобре­татель

invitation [,mvi'teijn] n при­глашение

invite [m'vait] v приглашать - involve [m'volv] v вовлечь; впутывать get involved связаться (с)

Ireland ['aratand] Ирландия

Irene [ai'rkni] Ирина

Irish Sea [.aian/'si:] Ирланд­ское море

iron ['аюп] п железо; утюг; v гладить

irritation [,in'teijn] n раздра­жение

Irving ['g:vrn] Ирвинг

island ['aitand] n остров

issue ['iju:, 'isju:] n выпуск; номер (журнала)

isthmus ['ismas] n перешеек

Italian [I'taehan] итальян­ский; по-итальянски

Italy ['iteli] Италия

item ['aitam] n предмет; вещь

its [its] pron его

Ivanhoe ['aivanhau] Айвенго

J

jacket ['d3aekit] n куртка; жакет

jail [d3eil] n тюрьма

jam [d3aem] n варенье

Jamaica ^зэ'теткэ] Ямайка

Jane Eyre [,ёзет'ед] Джейн Эйр

January ['dsasnjuan] январь

Japanese [,d3sep3'ni:z] япон­ский; по-японски

jar [d3a:] n банка

jazz [d3aez] n джаз jazz band [baend] джаз-оркестр

Jean Armour [,d3i:n'a:m3] ДжинАрмор


jeans [d3i:nz] n джинсы

job [d3ob] n работа

jog [d3og] v бегать трусцой, заниматься оздорови­тельным бегом

join [d3om] v присоединять­ся к

joke [d3suk] n шутка; v шу­тить

jolly ['d3oh] adv очень

Jolyon ['d3oli3n] Джолион

journal ['d3a:nl] n журнал

journalist ['d3a:n3list] n жур­налист

journey ['d3a:ni] n путеше­ствие

joy [d3Di]n радость

judge [d3Ad3] n судья

jug [d3Ag] n кувшин

juice [d3u:s] n сок

July [d3u'lai] июль

jump [^злтр] v прыгать; п прыжок

junction ['d3Ankjan] п желез­нодорожный узел

June [d3u:n] июнь

jungle [Мзлт}дэ1] п джунг­ли

just [d3ASt] а справедливый; adv как раз; только что; только; просто

justice ['d3Astis] n справед­ливость; правосудие

К

karate [ka'ra:ti] n карате keep [ki:p] (kept, kept) v дер­жать (хранить) keep awake [a'weik] не да­вать спать keep in mind [mamd] иметь

в виду; помнить keep quiet ['kwaiat] сохра­нять спокойствие; со­блюдать тишину


keep on продолжать keeper ['ki:pa] n смотри­тель; хранитель kept [kept] см. keep kettle ['ketl] n чайник key [ki:] n ключ от двери kid [kid] v подшучивать;

одурачить kill [kil] v убивать kilometre ['kita.miita] n ки­лометр kind [kamd] а добрый kind [kamd] n род, вид, сорт kindergarten ['kindagaitn] n

детский сад kindness ['kamdnis] n доб­рота kinetic [ki'netik, kai'netik] a

кинетический king [km] n король kingdom ['krndsm] n коро­левство King Lear [.krn'lia] король

Лир Kingsville ['krnsvil] Кингс-

вил kitchen ['kitjm] n кухня kitchen garden [,kitjm 'ga:dn]

nогород kitten ['kitn] n котенок knee [ni:] n колено knee-deep [,ni:'di:p] adv no

колено knew [nju:] см. know knife [naif] n нож knight [nait] n рыцарь knit [nit] v вязать knock [nok] v стучать

knock down сбить с ног know [пэи] (knew, known) v

знать knowledge ['пэидз] ft знание known [пэип] см. know

484 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 485


L laboratory [b'boratn] n лабо­ратория lace [leis] v зашнуровывать lady ['leidi] n дама lag behind ['lag bi'hamd] v

отставать laid [leid] см. lay lain [lem] см. lie lake [leik] n озеро lamb [laem] n ягненок lamp [lasmp] n лампа; фо­нарь land [lasnd] n земля; v при­ставать к берегу landslide ['laendslaid] n опол­зень language ['laeijgwid3] n

язык laptop [laeptop] n портатив­ный компьютер (ноутбук) large [la:d3] a большой largely [4a:d3li] adv в боль­шой мере last [la.sf] a последний; про­шлый; adv в последний раз

at last наконец late [leit] а поздний

be late опаздывать later [Чепэ] adv позже; а

более поздний latest updates [Ap'deits] n самая последняя инфор­мация с дополнениями и изменениями laugh [la:fj v смеяться launch [b:ntj] v запускать launch an attack [s'task] начать атаку, атаковать law [b:] n закон lay [lei] (laid, laid) v класть lay the table накрывать на стол


lay [lei] см. lie layer [Чею] п слой lazy ['leizi] а ленивый lead [li:d] (led, led) v вести,

руководить leading [4i:dn}] а ведущий leaf [li:fj (мн. ч. leaves) n

лист (дерева) leafless [4i:fbs] а без листьев leak [li:k] v протекать; да­вать течь lean [li:n] v облокачиваться;

склоняться learn [b:n] (learnt, learnt) v

учить(ся); узнавать learnt [b.nt] см. learn leather [Чебэ] п кожа leave [li:v] (left, left) v оставлять; покидать; уезжать leaves [li:vz] см. leaf lecture ['lektjal n лекция lecturer ['lektpra] n лектор led [led] см. lead left [left] а левый left [left] см. leave leg [leg] n нога legend ['led33nd] n легенда leisure [Чезэ] п досуг; сво­бодное время lemon [Четэп] п лимон lemonade [.lema'neid] n ли­монад lend [lend] (lent, lent) v да­вать взаймы lent [lent] см. lend Leonardo da Vinci [,li:3'na:d9u da'vmtji] Леонардо да Винчи less [les] adv меньше lesson [lesn] n урок let [let] пусть

lethal [4i:6al] а смертонос­ный; смертельный


let's [lets] давайте letter ['lets] n письмо liberty ['libati] n свобода librarian [lai'breairan] n биб­лиотекарь library ['laibran] п библиоте­ка Lickcheese [4ikt}i:z] Ликчиз lid [lid] n крышка lie [lai] (lay, lain) v лежать lie [lai] v лгать; п ложь life [laif] n жизнь lift [lift] v поднимать; п лифт light [lait] n свет; фара; а светлый, легкий; v све­тить; освещать; зажигать (свет, костер, огонь) light a fire [fais] развести

костер flashing ['flaejrn] light ми­галка light bulb [Ьл1Ь] п лампочка lighter ['laita] n зажигалка lighthouse [4aithaus] n маяк lightly ['laith] adv слегка lightning ['laitnrn] п молния like [laik] v любить; нра­виться; con]как limit ['limit] v лимитиро­вать, ограничивать line [lam] n линия; строчка;

очередь linger ['lnjgs] v медлить lion ['laian] n лев lip [lip] n губа liquid flikwid] n жидкость list [list] n список listen [lisn] v слушать listlessly ['listbsli] adv апа­тично, равнодушно, без интереса literature ['htratja] n литера­тура


little [litl] а маленький; adv

мало; a little немного live [hv] v жить lively ['laivli] а оживлен­ный; adv оживленно liver [4iva] n печень living room ['hviijrum] n жи­лая комната; гостиная Livingstone ['hvrqstan] Ли-

вингстон load [bud] n груз; v грузить;

нагружать loaf [buf] n буханка хлеба;

батон (булка) local [bukl] а местный lock [bk] n замок; v запи­рать на замок Locksley ['bksli] Локсли London f'lAndan] Лондон lonely ['bunh] а одинокий long [bij] а длинный look [luk] v смотреть; вы­глядеть; n взгляд look at смотреть на; рас­сматривать; просматри­вать

look for искать look forward to с нетерпе­нием ждать чего-л. look through просмот­реть (пробежать взгля­дом) have a look взглянуть,

посмотреть take a look взглянуть, по­смотреть lorry ['bn] n грузовик lose [lu:z] (lost, lost) v терять lose a game проиграть игру loser [Чи:гэ] п проигравший;

неудачник lost [bst] см. lose

486 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 487


lot [lot] n: a lot очень много lottery ['bten] n лотерея loud [laud] а громкий loudly ['laudh] adv громко love [Iav] n любовь; v лю­бить lovely ['kvli] а чудесный low [bu] а низкий Lowood ['buwud] Лоувуд luck [1лк] п судьба; случай bad luck неудача; невезе­ние; несчастье luckily ['Lvkili] adv к счастью lucky ['Ыа] а удачливый;

везучий luggage [4лдн1з] п багаж Luke Flint [,lu:k'flmt] Люк

Флинт lump [1лтр1 п кусок lunch [1лпц] п второй завт­рак, ленч lung [1лп] п легкое lung cancer ['kaensa] рак легкого luxury ['1лк}эп] п роскошь lying ['lairn]presp от lie (lay, lain) v лежать

M machine [ma'Jiin] n машина vending machine ['vendin majiin] n торговый авто­мат для продажи газет, марок, сигарет, кон­фет) mad [masd] а сумасшедший, помешанный, безумный made [meid] см. make Madrid [ma'dnd] Мадрид magazine [,maega'zi:n] n

журнал magician [ma'd3ijn] n вол­шебник magnify ['masgnifai] и увели­чивать


magnitude ['maegnitju:d] n величина; масштаб; сила (землетрясения)

maid [meid] n горничная

mail [meil] n почта; письма; почтовая корреспонден­ция

mailbag ['meilbaeg] n мешок с почтой

mailbox ['meilboks] n почто­вый ящик

main [mem] а главный

make [meik] (made, made) v делать; заставлять

Malaysia [ma'leizia] Малай­зия

Maldives ['moildaivz] Маль­дивские острова

mall [тэ:1] п большой тор­говый центр

man [rnasn] (мн. ч. men) n мужчина; человек

manage ['masmd3] v суметь; удаваться; управлять

manager ['таешДзэ] п менед­жер, управляющий

mango ['таепдэи] п манго

Manhattan [masn'haetn] Ман-хеттен

mantelpiece ['meentlpiis] n каминная доска

many ['теш] ргоп много

тар [таер] п карта

marathon ['таегэбэп] п ма­рафон

marble [ma:bl] n мрамор

March [ma:tj] март

"#000000">n поля

mark [ma:k] n отметка, оценка; v отмечать; ста­вить отметку

market ['ma:kit] n рынок; v выбрасывать на рынок


marketplace ['maikitpleis] n рынок

marmelade ['marmaleid] n джем (особ, апельсинный или лимонный), повид­ло, мармелад, варенье (апельсиновое)

marriage ['таепёз] п брак; бракосочетание; супру­жество

married ['maend] а женат; замужем

marry ['maeri] v жениться; выходить замуж

marvellous ['ma:vabs] а изу­мительный; чудесный

mask [ma:sk, maesk] n мас­ка

mass [maes] n масса

massive ['maesiv] а огром­ный

master ['ma:sta] n хозяин; v овладевать (знаниями, навыками)

masterpiece ['ma:st3pi:s] л шедевр

material [ma'tianal] n ма­териал

match [maetj] n матч

match [maetf] v соответ­ствовать; подходить

match [maetj] n спичка

mathematician [,тае9этэ-

'tifn] n математик mathematics [.maeGa'maetiks]

п математика matter ['maeta] n дело Is anything the matter? Что-нибудь случилось? What does that matter? Что это значит? What's the matter? В чем дело?


may [mei] (might) v можно; может быть; maybe adv может быть May [mei] май Maylie ['meili] Мэйли me [mi:]ргоп мне; меня mealtime ['mi:ltaim] n вре­мя еды mean [mi:n] (meant, meant) v значить; иметь в виду; подразумевать means [mi:nz] n средства meant [ment] см. mean measure ['тезэ] п мера; v измерять

take measures прини­мать меры meat [mi:t] n мясо mechanic [mi'kaemk] n ме­ханик medical ['medikal] а меди­цинский medicine ['medsan, 'medisan] n

медицина; лекарство Mediterranean [ .medite'reinjan] Sea [si:] Средиземное море meet [mi:t] (met, met) v встре­чаться); знакомиться meeting ['mi:trn] n встреча;

митинг; собрание melt [melt] v таять; плавить member ['memba] n член memory ['тетап] п память men [men] см. man mend [mend] v чинить mention [menjn] v упоми­нать

Don't mention it! Ниче­го! He стоит благодар­ности! menu ['menju:] n меню merchant f maitpritj n купец mere [mia] а простой merrily ['menh] adv весело

488 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


489


merry ['men] а веселый message ['mesid3] n посла­ние; сообщение met [met] см. meet metal ['metl] n металл meteorite ['miitiarait] n ме­теорит method ['meGad] n метод mice [mais] см. mouse Michael [maikl] Майкл Michigan ['mijigan] Мичи­ган

Lake [leik] Michigan озе­ро Мичиган Mickey Mouse [,miki'maus]

Микки-Маус microscope ['maikraskaup] n

микроскоп middle ['midl] n середина middle-aged [,midl'eid3d] a

средних лет midnight ['midnait] n пол­ночь might [mait] см. may mile [mail] n миля milk [milk] n молоко milk shake [,milk jeik] n мо­лочный коктейль million ['miljan] n милли­он millionaire [.milja'nea] n

миллионер mind [mamd] v помнить; иметь в виду; соблюдать; возражать; иметь что-л. против; п ум; память; мнение

bear [Ьеэ] in mind иметь в виду; помнить Never Mind! Ничего, не беспокойтесь! mine [mam] n шахта mineral ['miraral] n мине­рал; полезное ископаемое minute ['mmit] n минута


mirror ['mire] n зеркало

misbehave [,misbi'heiv] v плохо себя вести

miserable ['mizarabl] а не­счастный; жалкий

mispronounce [ ,mispra'nauns] v неправильно произно­сить

miss [mis] v пропускать; скучать; упустить; обна­ружить пропажу miss a train опоздать на поезд

Mississippi [,misi'sipi] Мис­сисипи

mistake [mis'teik] n ошиб­ка

misunderstand [,miSAnda 'staend] (misunderstood, misunderstood) v не­правильно понять

misunderstood [,misAnda'stud] см. mis­understand

mix [miks] v мешать; пере­мешать; замешивать mix in смешивать mixing bowl ['miksinbaul] миска для замеса (тес­та)

moan [maun] v ныть

model [modi] n модель; об­разец

modern ['modn] а современ­ный

modify ['modifai] v видоиз­менять

moment ['тэшпэм] п мо­мент

Mona Lisa [,тэипэ 'li:za] Мона Лиза

Monday ['mAndi] понедель­ник

money ['тлга] п деньги be out of money быть без денег


monitor ['monita] n староста monkey ['mAnki] n обезьяна month [тлп9] п месяц Montreal [,тэпт'э:1] Мон­реаль monument ['monjumant] n

памятник mood [mu:d] n настроение moon [mu:n] n луна moonlight ['mu:nlait] n лун­ный свет moonlit ['mu:n,ht] а зали­тый (освещенный) лун­ным светом more [тэ:] adv больше morning ['тэ:пгп] п утро mostly ['maustli] adv боль­шей частью mother ['тлбэ] п мать motion [maujn] n движе­ние motionless ['maujntas] а не­движимый motor ['mauta] n мотор motorcar ['mautakcu] n авто­мобиль mountain ['mauntm] n гора mountainous ['mauntmas] a

горный mouse [maus] (м н. ч. mice)

п мышь mouth [mauG] n рот move [mu:v] v двигаться; переезжать (на другую квартиру) movie [*mu:vi] n фильм, ки­нокартина much [mAtj] adv много muddy ['mAdi] а грязный murder ['ma:da] n убийство;

vубивать Murdstone ['ma:dstan]

Мердстон muscle [mAsl] n мускул museum [mjur'ziam] n му­зей


mushroom ['тл}ш:т] п гриб

music ['mju:zik] n музыка pop music ['papmju:zik] поп-музыка

musician [mju:'zijn] n му­зыкант

must [mAst] v должен

my [mai] pron мой

N nail [neil] n гвоздь; ноготь name [neim] n имя nap [naep] n короткий сон

днем narrow ['паегэи] а узкий narrow-minded [,паегэи 'mamdid] а ограниченный nasty ['ncusti] а противный nation ['neijon] n народ; стра­на; государство; нация National Gallery [,пае}пэ1 'gaelan] Национальная га­лерея native ['neitiv] n уроженец; коренной житель; туземец native ['neitiv] а родной native language [Чаз^д wid3] родной язык natural ['naetjaral] а есте­ственный naturally ['naetjarali] adv

естественно nature ['neitja] n природа near [тэ]ргер близко; около nearby [,ma'bai] adv побли­зости nearest ['niarist] а ближай­ший nearly ['mail] adv почти necessary ['nesisan] а необ­ходимый necessity td£'sesiti] n нёобхо-

димость need [ni:d] n потребность; v нуждаться

490 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


491


needle ['ni:dl] n иголка

neighbour ['neiba] n сосед

neighbourhood ['neibahud] п окрестность, местность in the neighbourhood no соседству

neither ['паюэ] ... nor [пэ:]... ни... ни...

nephew ['nefju:, 'nevju:] n племянник

nervous ['na:vas] n нервный

nest [nest] n гнездо

Netherlands ['ne6alandz] Нидерланды

never ['neva] adv никогда

nevertheless [,neva6a'les] adv тем не менее

new [nju:] а новый

New Orleans [,nju:a:'h:anz] Новый Орлеан

news [nju:z] n новости the latest ['leitist] news последние известия

newspaper ['nju:s,peipa] n газета

New York [,nju:'ja:k] Нью-Йорк

next [nekst] а следующий; next toprep рядом

Niagara Falls [nai,aegara 'fo:lz] Ниагарский водо­пад

nice [nais] а хороший; приятный; симпатичный

niece [ni:s] n племянница

night [nait] n ночь

Nile [nail] Нил

nineteen [,nam'ti:n] пит де­вятнадцать

ninety ['namti] пит девя­носто

nobody ['mubadilpron никто

noise [naiz] n шум

noiselessly ['naizlasli] adv бесшумно


noisy ['naizi] а шумный none [плп] ргоп никто nonsense ['nansans] и чепу­ха; бессмыслица noon [nu:n] n полдень normal ['normal] а нормаль­ный normally ['narmah] adv

обычно north [no:6] n север northern ['пэ:бэп] а север­ный North Sea [,no:6'si:] Север­ное море north-western [, na :6'westan]

а северо-западный nose [nauz] n нос note [naut] n записка notebook ['nautbuk] n блок­нот; записная книжка nothing ['плвгп]ргоп ничто;

ничего notice ['nautis] n объявле­ние; предупреждение notice ['nautis] v заметить notice board ['nautis,bard] n

доска объявлений novel ['naval] n роман novelist ['navalist] n рома­нист November [nau'vemba, na-

'vemba] ноябрь now [nau] adv теперь, сей­час; а, и вот; ну, вот now that conj теперь, когда nowadays ['nauadeiz] adv ныне; теперь; сейчас; в наше время; в наши дни; в настоящее время nowhere ['nauwea] adv нигде nuclear ['nju:klia] а ядерный number ['плтЬэ] п номер; число


nurse [na:s] n няня nursery ['na:san] n детская nut [nAt] n орех

О oasis [au'eisis] n оазис obedient [a'bi:diant] а по­слушный object ['abd3ikt] п предмет object [ab'd3ekt] v возра­жать objection [ab'd3ekjn] n воз­ражение obliged [ab'laid3d] а обязан obviously ['abviash] adv

очевидно occasion [э'кетзп] п случай occupation [,akju'pei|n] n за­нятие occupy ['akjupai] v зани­мать ocean ['aujan] n океан October [ak'tauba] октябрь odd [ad] а странный, не­обычный, эксцентрич­ный, чудной offend [a'fend] v обидеть offer ['afa] v предлагать; п

предложение office ['afis] n учреждение;

офис officer ['afisa] n офицер office worker ['afis,wa:ka] n

служащий often ['afan] adv часто oil [ail] n нефть; расти­тельное масло OK [au'kei] n одобрение, раз­решение, „добро" old [auld] а старый older ['aulda] а старее,

старше oldest ['auldast] а старей­ший; самый старший


Old Curiosity Shop [,auld

,kjuan'asitijap] „Лавка

древностей" olive-coloured [,ohv'kAlad] a

оливкового цвета Oliver Twist [,aliva'twist]

Оливер Твист omelette ['amht] n омлет once [wAns] adv (один) раз;

однажды

at once сейчас же, сразу

one-legged [,wAn'legd] a

одноногий onion [4njan] n лук репча­тый; луковица only ['aunli] adv только; а

единственный open [aupn] v открывать;

а открытый opera ['эрга] п опера operate ['apareit] v действо­вать; оперировать operation [,apa'reijn] n опе­рация

go into operation пойти в производство opinion [a'pmjan] n мнение opportunity [,apa'tju:niti] n

случай; возможность opposite ['apazit] prep напро­тив or [a:] conj или orange ['эгтдз] п апельсин order ['o:da] v приказы­вать; заказывать; п при­каз; заказ

in order to для того чтобы out of order неисправный ordinary ['a:dann] а обыч­ный; обыкновенный or else [a:r'els] а то, или же organize ['a:ganaiz] v орга­низовать

492 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 493


original [э'п(1зтэ1] п ориги­нал; а подлинный

ornament ['этэтэт] п укра­шение; орнамент

other [Чбэ] а другой

otherwise [46awaiz] adv иначе

ounce [auns] n унция

our [аиэ] pron наш

out of [aut av] из

outside [aut'said] adv снару­жи; наружу

outstanding [aut'staendii}] a выдающийся

over [auva] prep над be over оканчиваться

overcoat f'auvakaut] n пальто

overcrowded [,3uva'kraudid] а переполненный

overhead [,3uva'hed] adv над головой

overhear [.auva'hia] (over­heard, overheard) v под­слушать; случайно услы­шать

overheard [.auva'hard] см. overhear

overseas [,3uva'si:z] adv за морем; за океаном; за гра­ницей

oversleep [.auva'slirp] v про­спать

overthrew [.auva'Gru:] см. overthrow

overthrow [,эиуэ'6гэи] (overthrew, overthrown) v свергнуть overthrown [,эиуэ'6гэип] см.

overthrow overturn [,эиуэЧэ:п] v пере­вернуть, опрокинуть owe [эй] v быть должным; задолжать; быть обязан­ным


own [эип] а собственный; v

владеть owner ['эипэ] п собствен­ник, владелец owl [aul] n сова ox [oks] (мн.ч. oxen) n бык Oxford ['oksfad] Оксфорд oxygen ['Dksid3an] n кисло­род

Р

Pacific Ocean [pa.sifik'aupn] Тихий океан

pack [paek] v упаковывать

page [peid3] n страница

paid [peid] см. pay

pain [pem] n боль

painful ['pemfal] а болез­ненный

paint [peint] v красить; писать (картины)

painter ['pemto] n художник

painting ['pemtrn] n картина

pair [реэ] п пара

palace f'paelis] n дворец

pale [peil] а бледный

pale-lipped [,peil'lipt] а с бледными губами

panoramic [.paena'raemik] a панорамный

pants [paents] n брюки (AmE)

paper [регрэ] п бумага; пись­менная работа; газета

parachute ['paerajiKt] n па­рашют

parcel [pa:sl] n посылка; па­кет

pardon ['pa:dn] n: I beg your pardon извините

parent ['реэгэт] п родитель

Paris ['paens] Париж

park [park] n парк; v парко­вать


parking lot ['pa:krn lot] сто­янка; место стоянки parliament ['ра:1этэШ] п

парламент parrot ['paerat] n попугай part [pa:t] n часть; роль (в спектакле); место; край leading ['lkdrn] part веду­щая роль take part in принимать участие в particular [pa'tikjuta] а осо­бенный; придирчивый in particular в особен­ности parting ['pa:trn] n пробор partner ['partna] n партнер party ['pa:ti] n партия; ве­черинка pass [pars] v проходить; про­ходить мимо pass an examination [ig.zaemi'neijn] сдать эк­замен passage ['paesid3] n проход passenger ['paesmd33] n пас­сажир passerby [,pa:s3'bai] n прохо­жий passport ['pa:spo:t] n пас­порт past [pa:st] adv мимо; prep

после path [pa:6] n тропинка; до­рожка patience [peijns] n терпе­ние; спокойствие patient [peijnt] а терпели­вый; спокойный; п боль­ной, пациент patio ['раейэи] п внутрен­ний дворик, патио (для отдыха в хорошую пого-ДУ)


pattern ['paetan] n образец;

копия Paul [рэ:1] Пол

pause [po:z] n пауза

pavement ['peivmant] n тротуар

pay [pei] (paid, paid) v пла­тить

pay attention [a'tenfn] обращать внимание pay a bill [bil] оплатить счет

pay a visit ['vizit] нанести визит

pay rise [raiz] n повышение, увеличение зарплаты

peaceful ['pi:sfal] а мир­ный

peacefully ['piisfali] adv мирно; безмятежно

peach [pi:tj] n персик

peak [pi:k] n пик, горная вершина

peanut ['pi:tiAt] n земляной орех, арахис

peasant [peznt] n крестья­нин

peculiar [pi'kjuiha] а особен­ный, особый, своеобраз­ный

pen [pen] n ручка (для пись­ма)

pencil [pensll n карандаш

pension [penjn] n пенсия

people [pi:pl] n люди; на­род

pepper ['рерэ] п перец

percent [pa'sent] n процент

percentage [pa:'sentid3] n процентное отношение

perfect ['paifikt] а совершен­ный; превосходный

perfectionist [par'fekjanist] n взыскательный человек;

494 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 495


человек, добивающийся во всем совершенства

perfectly ['pg:fiktli] adv совершенно; превосход­но; безупречно

perform [pa'foim] v выполнять; выступать (на сцене)

performance [pa'foimans] n спектакль; выступление

perhaps [pg'haeps] adv воз­можно

period ['pisriad] n период

permission [pa'mijn] n раз­решение

permit [pg'mit] v разрешать

Persians ['parjnz] персы

persist [pa'sist] v упорство­вать

person [pa:sn] n персона; лицо; человек

personal ['paisnal] а персо­нальный; личный

pet [pet] n (любимое) до­машнее животное

phenomena [fi'tomma] см. phenomenon

phenomenon [fi'nominan] (мн. ч. phenomena) фе­номен

Philharmonic [,fib'monik] филармония

Philippines ['fihpimz] Фи­липпины

phone [faun] n телефон; v звонить по телефону

phone box ['faun boks] n (BrE) телефон-автомат; телефонная будка

photo ['fsutau] n фотогра­фия

photograph ['fautagraif] n фотоснимок; v фотогра­фировать


phrase [freiz] n фраза; выра­жение; оборот physical training [,fizikl' tremrn] физическое воспитание physicist ['fizisist] n физик physics ['fiziks] n физика piano [pj'aenau] n форте­пиано Piccadilly Circus [,pikadili 'saikas] площадь Пика-дилли pick [pik] v рвать (цветы) pick up подбирать; заез­жать; забирать; приоб­ретать (покупать) Pickwick Papers [,pikwik 'peipoz] „Записки Пиквик-ского клуба" picnic ['piknik] n пикник picture ['piktja] n картина picturesque [.piktja'resk] a

живописный pie [pai] n пирог, пирожок piece [pi:s] n кусок pillow ['pilau] n подушка pilot ['pailat] n пилот, лет­чик; лоцман pine [pain] n сосна pineapple ['pamaepl] n ананас pipe [paip] n труба; трубка pitch-dark [,pitj'da:k] adv очень темно (хоть глаз выколи) pity ['pin] n: it's а pity жаль pizza ['pi:tsa] n пицца place [pleis] n место; v поме­щать

take place иметь место; состояться plain [plein] а простой plan [plaen] n план; v плани­ровать plane [plem] n самолет


planet ['plaenit] n планета plant [pla:nt] n растение; за­вод; v сажать (растения) plantation [plaen'teijn] n

плантация planter ['pla:nta] n планта­тор plate [pleit] n тарелка platform ['plaetfD:m] n платформа; помост; воз­вышение play [plei] v играть; п пьеса player ['pleia] n игрок playground ['pleigraund] n площадка для игр; спортивная площадка playwright ['pleirait] n дра­матург pleasant ['plezant] а прият­ный please [pli:z] v доставлять

удовольствие pleased [pli:zd] а доволь­ный pleasure ['р1езэ] п удоволь­ствие ploughboy ['plauboi] n па­харь plug in [ ,р1лд'т] v включить

(в сеть) plum [pUm] n слива plump [р1лтр] а полный рт [,pi:'em] (post meridiem) пополудни, at 3 рт в 3 часадня pneumatic [nju:'maetik] a

пневматический pneumonia [njui'maunia] n

пневмония pocket ['pokit] n карман роет ['рэшт] п поэма; сти­хотворение poet ['рэип] п поэт


poetess [.paui'tes, 'pauitis] n

поэтесса poetry ['pauitn] n поэзия point [point] n точка, пункт; v указывать; навести he was on the point of он как раз собирался (сде­лать что-л.) poison [poizn] n яд; v отра­вить poisonous ['poiznas] а ядови­тый Pole [paul] n поляк police [pa'li:s] n полиция;

полицейские policeman [pa'li:sman] n по­лисмен policy ['polisi] n политика polish ['pah}] v полировать;

шлифовать polka dot ['polka dot] n узор в горошек (на материи) polka-dot dress платье в горошек pollution [рэ'Ькрп] п заг­рязнение pond [pond] n пруд pool [pu:l] n плавательный бассейн; небольшой пруд poor [риэ] а бедный popular ['popjub] а попу­лярный porridge ['pond3] n каша port [po:t] n порт porter ['po:t3] n носильщик;

портье portion [po:}n] n порция;

часть Portsmouth ['poitsmaG]

Портсмут possession [pa'zejan] n вла­дение; обладание possibility [.posi'biliti] n возможность

496 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


497


possible [pasabl] а возмож­ный post [paust] v отправлять по

почте postbox [paustbaks] n поч­товый ящик

postcard [paustka:d] n от­крытка

poster ['pausta] и плакат

postmark [paustma:k] v ста­вить почтовый штемпель

postman ['paustman] n почтальон

post office [paust.afis] n поч­товое отделение

postpone [paust'paun] v от­кладывать

pot [pat] n горшок

potatoes [pa'teitauz] n кар­тофель

potential [pa'tenjal] а потен­циальный, возможный n потенциал

pound [paund] n фунт pound note [naut] n банк­нота в один фунт стер­лингов

pour [pa:J v лить pour in влить

poverty ['pavati] n бедность, нищета

power [paua] n мощь; власть

power station ['paua,steijn] n электростанция

practice ['praektis] n практи­ка; работа на практике; инструкция

practise ['praektis] v упраж­няться в игре (на форте­пиано)

praise [preiz] v хвалить

precious ['pre/as] а драго­ценный


prediction [pn'dikjn] n пред­сказание prefer [pn'fa:] v предпочитать

prejudice [*pred3udis] v предубеждать; создавать предвзятое мнение

preparations [,prepa'rei}nz] n приготовления

prepare [рп'реэ] v пригото­вить

prescribe [pn'skraib] v про­писать

presence ['prezans] n при­сутствие

present ['prezant] n подарок; a: be present присутство­вать

present [pri'zent] v вру­чать

presently ['preznth] adv сей­час

preserve [pn'za:v] v сохра­нять

president [prezidant] n пре­зидент

press [pres] v сжимать; прес­совать; гладить; п пресса (журналисты)

pressure ['preja] n давле­ние; напряжение

pretend [pri'tend] v притво­ряться

pretty ['priti] а хорошень­кий adv довольно

prevent [pri'vent] v пре­дотвращать; не давать; помешать

previous ['pri:vias] а преды­дущий

price [prais] n цена

prick [pnk] v уколоть

princess [,prm'ses] n прин­цесса

prison [pnzn] n тюрьма


private f'praivit] а личный; частный

prize [praiz] n приз

probably [prababh] adv веро­ятно

problem ['prablam] n про­блема; задача (в мате­матике)

procedure [pra'si:d3a] n процедура; правила; свод процессуальных норм security procedures ком­плекс мер по обеспече­нию безопасности

produce [pra'dju:s] v произ­водить; создавать

product ['pradAkt] n про­дукт; продукция

professional [pra'fejanal] а профессиональный

professor [pra'fesa] n про­фессор

profit ['profit] n прибыль

programme ['praugraem] n программа

progress ['praugras] n про­гресс

prohibit [pra'hibit] v запре­щать

promise ['pramis] v обещать; n обещание

keep a promise сдержать обещание

promising ['pramisirj] а мно­гообещающий

prompt [prompt] v пробу­дить (незамедлительно что-н сделать)

pronounce [pra'nauns] v про­износить proper ['ргэрэ] а правиль­ный; надлежащий property ['prapati] n соб­ственность


proposal [pra'pauzl] n пред­ложение protect [pra'tekt] v охранять,

защищать proud [praud] а гордый proudly ['praudli] adv гордо prove [pru:v] и доказывать proverb ['pravab] n посло­вица provide [pra'vaid] v давать;

обеспечивать PT [,pi:'ti:] физическое вос­питание public [рлЫтк] п публика а общественный public library ['laibrari] публичная библиотека publish ['рлЬЬ}] v публико­вать pull [pul] v тянуть pull down сносить (пост ройку) pulse \p/ds] n пульс pumpkin [рлтркт] п тыква puncture ['pArjktja] v проты­кать; прокалывать puncturing item ['aitam] ко­лющий предмет punish Грлш|] v наказывать pupil [pju:pl] n ученик pure [pjua] а чистейший; абсолютный; полнейший E.g. pure nonsense ['nansans] абсолютная че­пуха, чистейший вздор purpose ['pa:pas] n цель, на­мерение purposely [*pa:pasli] adv на­рочно purse [pa:s] n кошелек pursue [pa'sju:] v преследо­вать

498 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


499


put [put] (put, put) v класть; ставить; положить; устано­вить

put off откладывать put on надевать put out гасить; тушить

(свет, пожар) put up надоумить; на­учить (сделать что-л. плохое) put into place поставить на место; вводить в дей­ствие; осуществлять pyramid ['piramid] n пира­мида

Q quake [kweik] n землетрясе­ние quantity ['kwontiti] n коли­чество quarrel ['kworal] v ссорить­ся; пссора quarter ['kwo:t3] n четверть queen [kwi:n] n королева Queen of Spades [,kwi:n av

'speidz] Пиковая дама question ['kwest/эп] n вопрос queue [kju:] n очередь quick [kwik] а быстрый quickly ['kwikli] adv быстро quickness ['kwiknis] n быст­рота quiet ['kwaiat] а тихий; бес­шумный; спокойный quiet (down) ['daun] v

успокоить(ся) (AmE) quieten ['kwaiatnj (down) v успокоить(ся) (BrE) quietly ['kwaiath] adv спо­койно quite [kwait] adv совсем

R rabbit ['raebit] n кролик


race [reis] n гонки run a race бежать напе­регонки rack [raek] n подставка, стой­ка (металлическая или пластмассовая) для сига­рет, овощей, фруктов; полка radioactive [.reidiau'asktiv] a

радиоактивный radio set ['reidiau.set] n ра­диоприемник

radium ['reidiam] n радий

raft [га:ft] n плот

rage [rerd3] n ярость

railway ['reilwei] n железная дорога

railway station [steijn] вокзал

rain [rein] n дождь it is raining идет дождь it is raining cats and dogs льет как из ведра

raincoat ['remkaut] n плащ, дождевик

rainy ['reini] а дождливый

raise [reiz] v поднимать; вы­растить; воспитать (де­тей); собирать (благотво­рительную помощь)

raisin ['reizan] n изюминка raisins ['reizanz] n изюм

rang [rasrj] см. ring

range [remd3] n радиус дей­ствия; v простираться; колебаться

rapidly ['reepidh] adv стре­мительно

rare [геэ] а редкий

rarely ['reali] adv редко

rat [rast] n крыса

rather ['га:бэ]: I'd rather я бы лучше; adv довольно

ray [rei] n луч


reach [ri:t|] v достичь

reaction [п'гек/п] п реак­ция

read [ri:d] (read, read) v чи­тать

ready ['redi] adv готов

ready-made [,redi'meid] a готовый (напр. готовое платье)

real [пэ1] а реальный; насто­ящий

realstic [ria'hstik] а реали­стичный

realize ['nalaiz] и понять; реализовать; выполнить

really ['risli] adv действи­тельно; в самом деле

reason [ri:zn] n причина; ра­зум

receive [n*si:v] v получать (пись­ма, деньги); принимать (гостей, посетителей)

recently ['ri:sntli] adv недав­но, в последнее время

recipe ['resipi] n рецепт (ку­линарный)

recite [n'sait] v читать ( наи­зусть), декламировать

reckless ['reklas] а неос­торожный; безрассудный reckless driving ['drarvrrj] неосторожная езда с на­рушением правил улич­ного движения

recognize [Yekagnaiz] v узна­вать

recollect [.reka'lekt] v вспом­нить

recommend [.reka'mend] v рекомендовать

record [n'kord] v записывать record book [Vekadbuk] n дневник

recover [n'lows] v поправ­ляться (после болезни)


red [red] а красный

reduce [n'dju:s] v сокращать; сбавить

reflect [n'flekt] v отражать

reflection [n'flekjn] n отра­жение

refrigerate [n'fnd33reit] v замораживать

refrigerator [n'fndsareita] n холодильник

refuse [n'fju:z] v отказы­ваться

regard [n'ga:d] v считать; рассматривать; относить­ся regardingprep. относи­тельно

regret [n'gret] v сожалеть

regular ['regjula] а регуляр­ный; правильный

regularly ['regjubh] adv ре­гулярно

rehearsal [n'harsl] n репети­ция

dress rehearsal генераль­ная репетиция

rejoice [n'd33is] v радовать­ся

relation [n'lei jn] n родствен­ник

relative [Velativ] n родствен­ник (AmE)

relax [n'laeks] v отдыхать

release [n'li:s] v высвобож­дать (вылиться — о чер­нилах)

reliable [n'laiabl] а надеж­ный (в работе, эксплуата­ции) relief [n'li:f] n облегчение;

помощь relieve [n'li:v] v облегчать relive [,ri:'liv] v оживить в

памяти rely [n'lai] v полагаться

500 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


501


remain [ri'mem] v оста­ваться remark [n'ma:k] v замечать; делать замечание (отно­сительно) remarkable [n'ma.kabl] а

замечательный remember [ri'memba] v по­мнить; вспоминать remind [n'maind] v напоми­нать remove [ri'murv] v убирать remove shoes [ju:z] сни­мать обувь Renaissance [n'neisans, ,rena'sa:ns] n Возрождение renew [n'nju:] v обновлять rent [rent] n рента, плата за квартиру

rent collector [ka'lekta] сборщик платы за квар­тиру repair [п'реэ] v чинить; ре­монтировать repairman [п'реэтэп] п

мастер repay [n'pei] v выплатить

(долг) repeat [n'pi:t] v повторять reply [n'plai] v отвечать; п

ответ report [n'po:t] v рапорто­вать; сообщать; п рапорт; доклад reporter [п'рэ:тэ] п репор­тер represent [,repn'zent] v пред­ставлять; быть предста­вителем reproach [n'prautj] v упре­кать request [n'kwest] n просьба require [n'kwaia] v требо­вать; нуждаться в


reserve [ri'zarv] v заброниро­вать resistance [n'zistans] n со­противление resort [n'zo:t] n курорт; из­любленное место v посе­щать; бывать

resound [n'zaund] v звучать; раздаваться

respect [n'spekt] v уважать

respectable [n'spektabl] a респектабельный

responsibility [n,sponsa'biliti] n ответ­ственность

rest [rest] v отдыхать; п от­дых

rest [rest] n: the rest of остальные; остальное; остаток

restaurant ['restaront, 'res-tarant, 'restararnt] n ресто­ран

result [n'zAlt] n результат

resume [n'zju:m] v возобнов­лять; резюмировать; де­лать заключение

retell [n'tel] (retold, retold) v пересказывать

retina ['retina] n сетчатка

retinal ['retinal] scan скани­рованное изображение сетчатки (глаза)

retire [n'Jaia] v выйти в от­ставку; удалиться от дел

retired [n'taiad] а отставной; на пенсии

retold [n'tauld] см. retell

return [n'ta:n] v возвра­щаться) n возвраще­ние

reveal [n'vi:l] v вскрывать; разоблачать; обнаружить


rewind [,ri'wamd] (re­wound, rewound) v пере­мотать (пленку)

rewrite [,ri:'rait] (rewrote, rewritten) v переписать

rewritten [,ri:'ntn] см. rewrite

rewrote [,ri:'raut] см. rewrite

rich [nt|] а богатый

richness ['ntjnis] n богатство

rid [rid] n: get rid of изба­виться от

ridden ['ridn] см. ride

ride [raid] (rode, ridden) v ехать; ехать верхом

right [rait] а правый; пра­вильный; nправо right now сейчас, в дан­ный момент (AmE)

ring [nrj] n кольцо

ring [nrj] (rang, rung) v зво­нить

ring up звонить по теле­фону

ripple [npl] v покрываться рябью

rise [raiz] (rose, risen) v под­ниматься

risen [nzn] см. rise

risk [risk] n риск take a risk рисковать

Ritz Hotel [,nts hau'tel] отель Ритц

river ['nva] n река

riverside ['nvasaid] n берег реки

road [raud] n дорога

rob [rab] v грабить

robber ['roba] n разбойник,

грабитель, вор robbery ['roban] n ограбле­ние Roberta [rau'ba:ta] Роберта


Robinson Crusoe [.robmsn *kru:sau] Робинзон Крузо

Rochester ['rotfista] Рочес-тер

rock [rok] n скала

rocket ['rokit] n ракета

rock'n'roll [.rokan'raul] n рок-н-ролл

rode [raud] см. ride

Roger Ackroyd [,rod3a 'eekroid] Роджер Экройд

roll [raul] v катиться

Rome [raum] Рим

roof [ru.f] n крыша

room [ru:m] n комната

rope [raup] n веревка

rose [rauz] n роза

rose [rauz] см. rise

rot [rot] v гнить; портить; разлагаться (об обществе, стране)

rotten ['rotn] а прогнивший; испорченный

rough [гаг] а грубый; нео­тесанный; бурный (оморе)

round [raund] а круглый; adv вокруг

rub [глЬ] v тереть

rude [ru:d] а грубый (невеж­ливый)

ruins ['ru:mz] n руины, раз­валины

rule [ru:l] n правило

run [глп] (ran, run) v бежать run off убежать, сбе­жать to be on smb's daily run быть в бегах, занимать­ся повседневными де­лами rung [глг)] см. ring Russia ['гл|э] Россия Russian [гл|п] русский; по-русски

502 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


503


S sad [seed] а печальный safe [seif] n сейф safely ['seifli] adv безопас­но, в безопасности said [sed] см. say sail [seil] n парус; v пла­вать sailor ['seib] n моряк salad ['seetad] n салат salary ['seebn] n зарплата,

жалованье, оклад sale [seil] n продажа be on sale быть на распро­даже по сниженным це­нам salt [so:lt] n соль same [seim] а тот же самый;

такой же sanatorium [,S£em't3:ri3m] n

санаторий sand [seend] n песок sandwich ['seenwidg] n бутер­брод sandy ['seendi] а песчаный San Francisco [,sa?n fren'sis-

кэи] Сан-Франциско sang [seen] см. sing sanitary ['ssenitsn] а сани­тарный sank [seenk] см. sink Sarie ['sean] Сэри Sartorius [sa:'to:rias] Сарто-

риус sat[seet]c.w. sit satisfactory [.SEetis'fektan] a

удовлетворительный satisfied ['sastisfaid] а удо-

влетворен(ный) satisfy ['ssetisfai] v удовлет­ворять Saturday ['sastadi] суббота


saucepan ['sorspeen] n каст

рюля sausage ['sosid3] n колбаса save [seiv] v спасать Savoy [sa'voi] ресторан в оте­ле Савой saw [so:] см. see say [sei] (said, said) v гово­рить, сказать scald [sko:ld] v ошпарить scale [skeil] n масштаб;

scales весы scan [skaen] n сканированное изображение v обследо­вать; просматривать; ска­нировать scarcely ['skeasli] adv едва scarf [ska:f] n шарф scatter ['skeeta] v разбрасы­вать scene [si:n] n сцена scenery ['siinsn] n пейзаж;

декорации (на сцене) scholarship ['skob/rp] n сти­пендия school [sku:l] n школа schoolboy ['skurlboi] n

школьник schoolgirl ['sku:lga:l] n

школьница schoolmistress ['sku:lmistns]

n учительница science ['saians] n наука computer science инфор­матика; вычислитель­ная техника; програм­мирование scientific board [saian.tifik

'bo:d] ученый совет scientist ['saiantist] n ученый scissors ['sizaz] n ножни­цы scold [skauld] v ругать,

бранить score [sko:] n счет (в игре)


Scotland ['skotland] Шот­ландия scream [skn:m] n вопль; визг; пронзительный крик screen [skrkn] v проверять screening проверка screw [skra:] n винт scrutiny ['skru:tmi] n тща­тельное рассмотрение (изучение)

under smb's scrutiny под чьим-л. наблюдением sea [si:] n море search [sa:t|] v обыскивать;

искать; п поиски Sears Tower [.siaz'taua] баш­ня Сиарз(443 м) seaside ['si:said] n побе­режье season [si:zn] n сезон; время

года seat [si:t] n место; сиденье;

местоположение second ['sekand] пит вто­рой secrecy ['si:knsi] n секрет­ность secret ['si:krit] n секрет secretary ['sekritn] n секре­тарь section [sekjn] n секция; от­дел security [si'kjuanti] n без­опасность see [si:] (saw, seen) v видеть

see off провожать seed [si:d] n зерно; семеч­ко seem [si:m] v казаться seen [si:n] см. see seize [si:z] v схватить seldom ['seldam] adv редко


sell [sel] (sold, sold) v про­давать send [send] (sent, sent) v

посылать senior ['si:nia] а старший sense [sens] n чувство; ощущение; смысл common sense здравый

смысл talk sense говорить дело sent [sent] см. send separate ['separeit] v отде­лять September [sap'tembs] сен­тябрь serfdom ['s3:fd3m] n крепо­стная зависимость, крепо­стное право series ['siaruz] n серия; ряд;

цикл serious ['sianas] а серьезный seriously ['sisriasli] adv серь­езно servant ['s3:vant] n слуга serve [sa:v] v служить; по­давать (еду на стол) session [sejn] n сессия set [set] n набор; комплект;

многотомник - train set ['tremsat] игру­шечная модель желез­ной дороги set [set] (set, set) v ставить; устанавливать; садиться (о солнце) set sail отплыть set the table накрывать

на стол set in установиться (о по­годе) set off отправиться; привести в действие, сработать (о сигнали­зации)

504 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 505


set out отправиться. settle [setl] v урегулировать;

осесть; обосноваться seventeen [,sevn'ti:n] пит

семнадцать seventy ['sevnti] пит семь­десят several ['sevaral] а несколько severe [si'via] а суровый;

свирепый sew [sau] (sewed, sewn) v

шить sewn [saun] см. sew shade [jeid] n тень shadow [jeedau] n тень shake [jeik] (shook, shaken)

v трясти(сь)

shake someone's hand по­жать чью-либо руку shaken [Jeikn] см. shake Shakespeare ['Jeikspia]

Шекспир shame [Jeim] n стыд; позор share [Jea] v делить (что-л.

с кем-л.) shark [ a:k] n акула sharp [ а:р] а острый shave [Jeiv] v бриться sheep [Ji:p] (мн.ч. sheep) n

овца shelf [jelf] nполка shell [jel] n скорлупа; сна­ряд; ракушка Shelley [jeli] Шелли shelter ['Jelta] n кров shepherd ['Jepad] n пастух Shetland Islands [Jetland

'ailandz] Шетландские

острова shilling I'/ilrtj] n шиллинг shine [Jam] (shone, shone)

v светить ship [Jip] n корабль shirt [p:t] n рубашка


T-shirt [4i:Ja:t] футболка shiver Г Jiva] v дрожать shock [Jok] v потрясать; шо­кировать; n шок; удар; потрясение shoe []u:] n туфля; ботинок;

подкова; v подковать shone [|эп] см. shine shook [Juk] см. shake shoot [ju:t] (shot, shot) v стрелять; застрелить shoot a film снимать фильм shop [}эр] п магазин; v де­лать покупки go shopping ходить за по­купками shopping centre ['senta] торговый центр shop assistant ['Jopa.sistant] n

продавец shoplifting ['JopliftiT]] n во­ровство с прилавка(и в магазине) shore [Jo:] n берег (моря,

большого озера) short [Jo:t] а короткий shot [Jot] см. shoot shoulder ['Jaulda] n плечо shout rfaut] v кричать show [Jau] (showed, shown) v показывать; п шоу TV game show ['geim Jau] теле(визионная) игра show in провести shower [jaua] n душ; ли­вень shown [Jaun] см. show shrink [Jrirjk] v садиться,

сесть (о материи, ткани) shut [JAt] (shut, shut) v за­крывать shy [Jai] а застенчивый Siberia [sai'biana] Сибирь


sick [sik] а больной side [said] n сторона; бок sideboard ['saidbo:d] n сер­вант sight [salt] n зрение; вид;

зрелище sightseeing ['sait,si:iT]] n осмотр достопримеча­тельностей sign [sam] n знак; признак;

вывеска; v подписать signal ['signal] n сигнал signature ['signatja] n под­пись Signora Grassini [si,njo:ra gra'smi] синьора Грассини Sikes [saiks] Сайке silence ['sailans] n тишина silent ['sailant] а молчали­вый; безмолвный silk [silk] n шелк silly ['sili] а глупый simple [simpl] а простой simply ['simpli] adv просто since [sins] prep с sing [sit]] (sang, sung) v петь singer ['sirja] n певец single ['sirjgl] а один; един­ственный sink [smk] (sank, sunk) v по­гружаться; тонуть; п ра­ковина (на кухне; в ван­ной комнате) sir [sa:] n сэр

siren ['sairan] n сирена; гудок sit [sit] (sat, sat) v сидеть sitting room ['sitirjrum] n

гостиная situated ['sitjueitid] а распо­ложенный) situation [.sitju'eijn] n ситу­ация; положение sixpence ['sikspans] n шесть пенсов


sixteen [,siks'ti:n] пит шест­надцать sixty ['siksti] пит шестьде­сят size [saiz] n размер; вели­чина skate [skeit] v кататься на

коньках skateboard ['skeitbo:d] n скейт (роликовая доска) skates [skeits] n коньки Sketches by Boz [.sketjiz

bai'boz] Очерки Боза ski [ski:] v кататься на лы­жах skilful ['skilful] а искусный skill [skil] n искусство; сно­ровка; умение; навык skin [skin] n кожа; шкура skirt [ska:t] n юбка sky [skai] n небо skydeck ['skaidek] обзорная,

смотровая площадка skydiving ['skai.darvrn] n па­рашютный спорт skyscraper ['skai,skreipa] n

небоскреб sleep [sli:p] (slept, slept) v

спать sleepy ['sli:pi] а сонный slept [slept] см. sleep slice [slais] v нарезать лом­тиками slid [slid] см. slide slide [slaid] (slid, slid) v

скользить slight [slait] а легкий, едва

заметный slip [slip] v поскользнуться;

соскользнуть slippery ['slipan] а скользкий slot [slot] n щель; прорезь; отверстие

506 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


507


put money in the slot mashine [mo'Jirn] опус­кать деньги в автомат slow [stau] а медленный slowly ['slouli] adv медленно slums [sUmz] n трущобы small [smo:l] а маленький smart [smart] a красивый;

умный; смышленый smell [smel] v нюхать; пах­нуть; чувствовать запах smile [smail] v улыбаться smoke [smouk] v курить;

дымиться; п дым snack bar ['snaskba:] n заку­сочная, буфет snail [sneil] n улитка snake [sneik] n змея snap [sneep] v щелкнуть зу­бами snore [sno:] v храпеть snow [snou] n снег snowballs ['snsuboilz] n

снежки snowdrift ['snsu,drift] n суг­роб snowstorm ['snousto:m] n ме­тель so [sou] conj так; итак; по­этому; и soap [soup] n мыло sob [sob] v всхлипывать society [so'saioti] n общество sock [sok] n носок sofa ['soufo] n диван soft [soft] а мягкий soften [sofn] v смягчать softly ['softli] adv мягко;

осторожно sold [sould] см. sell soldier ['sould3o] n солдат solution [so'lu: jn] n решение solve [solv] v решить


some [sahi] pron некоторое количество; какие-ни­будь; какой-нибудь

someone ['sAmwAn]prorc кто-то; кто-нибудь

something ['sAm6irj] pron кое-что; что-нибудь; что-то

sometimes ['sAmtaimz] adv иногда

Sommerville ['somovil] Сом-мервил

son [saii] n сын

song [son] n песня

soon [sum] adv вскоре

sore [so:] а больной; болез­ненный (который бо­лит)

sorrow ['sorou] n печаль

sorry ['son] a: be sorry сожа­леть

sort [so:t] n сорт; v сортиро­вать

sound [saund] n звук

soup [su:p] n суп

sour [sauo] а кислый

south [sau6] n юг

Southampton [sau'fiasmtn] Саутгемптон

southern ['sAdon] а южный

space [speis] n простран­ство; космос; место

spaceman ['speismon] n кос­монавт, астронавт

Spain [spein] Испания

Spanish ['speenij] испан­ский, по-испански

spare [speo] v уделять (что-л. кому-л.); а лишний; свободный; незанятый

sparkling ['spa:klrrj] a блес­тящий; искрящийся

spartan ['spa:tn] a спартанс­кий


speak [spi:k] (spoke, spoken)

v говорить; разговаривать speak highly of smb хва­лить; хорошо отзывать­ся о ком-либо speaker ['spi:ko] n оратор special ['spejol] а особый;

специальный specialist ['spejolist] n специ­алист specially ['spejoli] adv осо­бенно; специально specific [spo'sifik] а опреде­ленный; - to характерно для speech [spi:tj] n речь be speachless ['spi:tjlos] лишиться дара речи speed [spud] n скорость; v мчаться, проноситься speeding ['spi:drrj] n пре­вышение допустимой скорости spelling ['spelm] n правопи­сание spend [spend] (spent, spent) v проводить (время); тра­тить (деньги) spent [spent] см. spend spider ['spaido] n паук spill [spil] v пролить; просы­пать spite [span] n злоба, злость

in spite of несмотря на splendid ['splendid] а блес­тящий; отличный; рос­кошный; богатый; вели­чественный spoil [spoil] v испортить spoke [spouk] см. speak spoken [spaukn] см. speak spoon [spu:n] n ложка sport [spo:t] n спорт


spot [spot] n пятно; место;

v обнаруживать sprain [sprem] v растянуть spread [spred] (spread, spread) v распространять spring [sprit]] n весна square [skweo] n квадрат; площадь; а квадратный Sri Lanka [sn'lsenka] Шри-Ланка stadium ['steidism] n стадион stage [steid3] n сцена; v ста­вить (на сцене) stairs [steoz] n ступеньки;

лестница stall [sto:l] n киоск; лоток stamp [stamp] n марка; пе­чать stand [stand] (stood, stood) v стоять; терпеть; выно­сить star [sta:] n звезда stare [steo] v пристально

смотреть; уставиться start [sta:t] v начинать; от­правляться; заводиться (о машине, двигателе) starve [sta:v] v страдать от голода

I'm starving я ужасно проголодался state [steit] n состояние; го­сударство station ['steifan] n станция statue ['stffitju:] n статуя stay [stei] v оставаться; на­ходиться; пребывать; п пребывание steal [sti:l] (stole, stolen)

v воровать, красть steel [sti:l] n сталь stenography [sto'nogrofi] n стенография

508 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 509


step [step] n шаг; ступень­ка; v шагнуть; наступить

stepfather ['stepfa:6a] n от­чим

stereo ['steriau, 'stiana] n сте­рео

personal stereo аудио-плеер

sternly ['sta:nli] adv строго

stethoscope ['ste6askaup] n стетоскоп

stewardess ['stju:adis] n стю­ардесса

stick [stik] n палка; v во­ткнуть; приклеить

sticker ['stika] n наклейка; этикетка

still [stil] adv тихо; все еще; тем не менее

stir [sta:] v шевелиться; шу­меть

stocking ['stokiT]] n чулок

stole [staul] см. steal

stolen ['staulan] см. steal

stomach ['sumak] n живот; желудок

stomachache ['sUmakeik] боль в животе (болит жи­вот)

stomach trouble [плЫ] боль в животе (болит живот)

stone [staun] n камень

stood [stud] см. stand

stop [stop] v останавливать­ся; nостановка

store [sto:] n склад; магазин

storm [sto:m] n буря

stormy ['sto:mi] а бурный

story ['sto:n] n рассказ

stout [staut] а полный

stove [stauv] n печь

St. Petersburg [snt'pi:tazba:g] Санкт-Петербург


straight [streit] а прямой; advпрямо

Strait(s) of Gibraltar [,streit av d3i'bro:lta] Гибралтар­ский пролив

strange [stremd3] а стран­ный

stranger ['stremd3a] n незна­комец; нездешний

Stratford-upon-Avon [,strastfad apon'eivan] Стрэт-форд-на-Эйвоне

strawberry ['stro:ban] n клуб­ника

stream [stri:m] n поток; ру­чей

street [stri:t] n улица

strength [stren6] n сила

stretch [stretj] v растяги­вать; протягивать

strict [stnkt] а строгий

strike [straik] (struck, struck) v ударять

strike [straik] n забастовка

striped [straipt] а полоса­тый, в полоску

strong [stroT]] а сильный

struck [strAk] см. strike

student ['stju:dant] n сту­дент

study ['stAdi] v изучать; учиться; п кабинет

stuffy ['sUfi] а душный

stupid ['stju:pid] а глупый, тупой

style [stall] n стиль the latest style самая по­следняя мода

subject ['sAbd3ikt] n тема, предмет; а подлежащий

suburbs ['sAba:bz] n пригоро­ды, предместья

subway ['sAbwei] n подзем­ный переход; метро


succeed [sak'skd] v преуспеть

successful [sak'sesfal] a успешный

successfully [sak'sesfah] adv успешно

such [sAtfjprem такой

suddenly ['sAdnli] adv вдруг

Suez ['su:iz] Суэц

suffer ['sAfa] v страдать

sugar ['Juga] n сахар

sugarcane ['jugakem] n са­харный тростник

suggest [sa'dgest] v предла­гать

suit [su:t, sju:t] v подходить; годиться; устраивать; п костюм

suitcase ['su:tkeis, 'sju:tkeis] n чемодан

sum [saiti] n сумма

summer ['влтэ] п лето

summerhouse ['sAmahaus] n беседка

sun [saii] n солнце

sunbath ['sAnba:6] n сол­нечная ванна

Sunday ['sAtidi] воскресенье

sung [sat]] см. sing

sunglasses ['sAn,gla:siz] n за­щитные очки от солнца

sunk [sAT]k] см. sink

sunlight ['sAnlait] n солнеч­ный свет

sunny ['sAtu] а солнечный

sunrise ['sAtiraiz] n восход солнца

sunset ['sAnset] n закат солн­ца sunshine ['sAnJam] n солнеч­ный свет sun-tanned ['sAnteend] а за­горелый supermarket ['su:pa,ma:kit, 'sju:pa,ma:kit] n универ-


сам, большой магазин са­мообслуживания

Supersound ['su:pa,saund] n плеер с отличным звуча­нием

superstitious [,su:pa'sti|as] a суеверный

supper ['sApa] n ужин

suppose [sa'pauz] v предпо­лагать

supposing [sa'pauznj] conj если

sure [Jua] а уверенный; убежденный; adv конечно

surely Pjuah] adv конечно

surface ['sarfis] n поверх­ность

surprise [sa'praiz] n удивле­ние; сюрприз

surprised [sa'praizd] а удив­ленный

surround [sa'raund] v окру­жать

surroundings [sa'raundirjz] n окружение, местность, окрестности

suspect [sa'spekt] v подозре­вать

suspension bridge [sa'spenjn bnd3] n подвесной мост

survive [sa'vaiv] n выжить, уцелеть; остаться в жи­вых

swallow ['swolau] n ласточ­ка; v проглотить

swam [sweem] см. swim

Swan Lake [.swon'leik] Ле­бединое озеро

sweater ['sweta] n свитер Sweden ['swi:dn] Швеция Swedish ['swi:di|] швед­ский; по-шведски

sweep [swi:p] (swept, swept) v мести; подметать

510 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 511


sweep away уносить, сно­сить, сметать

sweet [swi:t] а сладкий

swept [swept] см. sweep

swim [swim] (swam, swum) v плавать

swimming pool ['swimiT]pu:l] n плавательный бассейн

swine [swam] n свинья

Swiss [swis] n швейцарец, швейцарка; а швейцар­ский

switch off ['switj'of] v вы­ключить

switch on ['switj'on] v вклю­чить

Switzerland ['switsaland] Швейцария

swum [swAm] см. swim

symphony ['simfani] n сим­фония

system ['sistim] n система; сеть

systematically [.sisti'meetikh] adv система­тически

T table [teibl] n стол bedside table прикроват­ный столик tablet ['teeblit] n таблетка tail [teil] n хвост take [teik] (took, taken) v брать, взять; отводить; требоваться

take a look взгянуть; по­смотреть take medicine принимать

лекарство take opportunity [,эрэ'Ци:пШ] воспользо­ваться случаем


take part принимать уча­стие; взять чью-л. сто­рону take a photo (a photo­graph) фотографиро­вать, снимать take a test сдавать зачет

(экзамен) take a train поехать поез­дом take off снимать tale [teil] n сказка; рассказ talent ['teebnt] n талант talented ['taslantid] а талант­ливый talk [to:k] v разговаривать,

болтать tall [to:l] а высокий tame [teim] v укрощать;

приручать; а ручной tape [teip] n пленка tape recorder ['teipn.koida]

п магнитофон tape recording ['teipn.kotdnj] n магнитофонная запись task [ta:sk] n задача; задание tasty ['teisti] а вкусный taught [to:t] см. teach taxi ['teeksi] n такси tea [ti:] n чай

make tea заваривать чай teach [ti:t|] (taught, taught) v учить; преподавать teach right [rait] from wrong [roTj] учить от­личать хорошее от пло­хого teacher ['ti:t/a] n учитель teacup [Чкклр] п чайная

чашка team [ti:m] n команда teapot ['ti.pot] n чайник tear [tea] (tore, torn) v рвать tears [tiaz] n слезы


tea things ['ti: ,6itjz] n чайная

посуда teen [ti:n] n подросток teeth [ti:6] см. tooth telegram ['teligreem] n теле­грамма telegraph ['teligra:f] n теле­граф telephone ['telifaun] n теле­фон tell [tel] (told, told) v гово­рить; рассказывать teller ['tebr] n кассир (в бан­ке) tellevision ['tehvigsn] n теле­видение; телевизор television set [teh'vi3n set] n

телевизор temperature ['tempratfs] n температура I am running a tempera­ture у меня (повышен­ная) температура tenement ['tenamant] много­квартирный дом tennis ['tenis] n теннис tense [tens] n время (грам­матическая категория) tent [tent] n навес; палатка term [ta:m] n семестр terrace ['teras] n терраса terrible ['terabl] а ужас­ный terrorism ['teranzam] n тер­роризм terrorist ['teranst] n террори-ст(ка); а террористиче­ский test [test] v проверять; п про­верка; испытание; зачет text [tekst] n текст textbook ['tekstbuk] n учеб­ник


Thackeray ['Geekarai] Текке-

рей Thailand ['taileend] Таиланд Thames [temz] Темза than [багп] conj чем thank [6агт]к] v благодарить thankful ['0ал]к£э1] а благо­дарный that [6sei]pron это; conj что;

который that's how ['eeets'hau] вот как that's why ['deets'wai] по­этому thaw [Go:] v таять theatre ['Giata] n театр theft [0eft] п кража their [без] ргеш их them [dem]pron их; им then [беп] adv тогда, потом theory fBian] n теория there [без] adv там; туда therefore ['6eafo:] adv по­этому thick [6ik] а толстый; гус­той thief [0i:f] n вор thin [6in] а тонкий; жидкий thing [6rrj] п вещь think [6irjk] (thought,

thought) v думать third [6a:d] пит третий; п

треть thirst [6a:st] n жажда thirsty ['63:sti] а жажду­щий (хочет пить) thirteen [,6э:'п:п] пит три­надцать thirty ['6э:п] пит тридцать thorough ['9лгэ] а тщатель­ный; основательный thoroughly ['блгэи] adv тща­тельно; основательно though [бэи] adv хотя thought [6o:t] см. think

512 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 513


thoughtful ['6o:tfol] а задум­чивый; внимательный thousand ["Gauzond] n тысяча thread [0red] n нитка thread a needle ['ni:dl] вдеть нитку в иголку threepence ['Grepons] n три

пенса threw [6га:] см. throw thrill [Gnl] v. be thrilled быть в восторге; трепе­тать от восторга throat [Grout] n горло through [Gra:] prep через; сквозь

be through with закон­чить throughout [Gru:'aut] adv по­всюду, везде; насквозь throw [Grou] (threw, thrown) vбросать

throw one's head back за­прокидывать голову thrown [бгэип] см. throw thump [блтр] v ударять (ся); бить(ся) с глухим шумом thunder ['GAndo] n гром thunderstorm ['6Andosto:m]

пгроза Thursday ['6o:zdi] четверг tick [tik] v тикать (о ча­сах) ticket ['tikit] n билет tide [taid] n прилив, отлив tidy up ftaidi'Ap] v убирать;

приводить в порядок tie [tai] n галстук; v привя­зать tiger ['taiga] n тигр tight [tait] а тесный; плот­ный; жесткий; строгий; усиленный tighten ['taitn] v сжимать; закреплять; затягивать


tightly ['taith] adv тесно; плотно; крепко

till [til] prep до; conj пока; пока не

time [taim] n время; раз

timetable ['taim,teibl] n рас­писание

tip [tip] n совет

tired [taiod] а усталый

title ['taitl] n титул; назва­ние

today [to'dei] adv сегодня

together [to'ge6o] adv вместе

told [tould] см. tell

Tom Canty [,tomTranti] Том Кенти

Tom Sawyer [,tom'so:jo] Том Сойер

tomato [to'mcctou] n помидор

tomorrow [to'morou] adv завтра

tongue [tATj] n язык

tonight [to'nait] adv сегодня вечером

too [tu:] adv также; слиш­ком

took [tuk] см. take

tooth [tu:G] (мн. ч. teeth) n зуб

toothache ['tu:6eik] n зубная боль

top [top] n вершина; вер­хушка; а наивысший; са­мый высокий

tore [to:] см. tear

torn [to:n] см. tear

torn [to:n] а рваный

tornado [to:'neidou] n смерч, торнадо

tortoise ['to:tos] n черепаха

touch [tAtj] v трогать; дотра­гиваться; n прикоснове­ние

tough [iai] а трудный; суро­вый; тяжелый


tour [too] n тур; поездка

tourist ['tuonst] n турист

towards [to'wo:dz] prep no направлению к

tower ['tauo] n башня; v воз­вышаться

town [taun] n город

toy [toi] n игрушка toy weapon ['wepon] игру­шечное оружие

trade [treid] n торговля

Trafalgar Square [tro.feelgo 'skweo] Трафальгарская площадь

traffic ['trafik] n уличное движение

tragedy [4rad3odi] n траге­дия

train [trein] n поезд

train [trein] v тренировать

traitor [Чгейэ] п предатель

tram [tram] n трамвай

tramp [tramp] n поход

translate [trans'leit] v пере­водить

translation [trans'leijn] n пе­ревод

translator [trans'leito] n пе­реводчик

trap [trap] n ловушка, за­падня

travel [travl] v путешество­вать; ездить; летать

traveller ['travlo] n путеше­ственник

treat [tri:t] v лечить; уго­щать

treatment ['tri:tmont] n лече­ние

treaty ['tri:ti] n договор

tree [tri:] n дерево

tremble [trembl] v дрожать

trial ['traiol] n суд

trifle [traifl] n мелочь, пус­тяк


trigger ['tngo] v спровоциро­вать, вызвать trip [trip] n поездка business ['biznis] trip дело­вая поездка, команди­ровка trolleybus ['trolibAs] n трол­лейбус tropics ['tropiks] n тропики Trotwood ['trotwud] Тротвуд trouble [trAbl] n беда, непри­ятность; v беспокоить (ся), затруднять(ся) trousers ['trauzoz] n брюки truck [гглк] п грузовик true [tru:] а верный; пра­вильный; правдивый trust [trAst] n доверие; трест;

vдоверять truth [tru:G] n правда try [trai] v пытаться; пробо­вать

try on примерять tsunami [tsu:'na:mi:] n цуна­ми (приливная волна) Tuesday ['tju:zdi] вторник tuna ['tju:no, 'tu:no] n голу­бой тунец turkey ['to:ki] n индейка turn [to:n] n поворот; оче­редь; vповорачивать turn down уменьшить

(приглушить) звук turn into превращаться в turn off выключать turn on включать turn out оказаться turning ['to:nrrj] п поворот TV set [ti:'vi:set] n телевизор twenty ['twenti] пит двад­цать twice [twais] adv дважды twist [twist] v скручивать

17 Ю.Голицынский

514 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь 515


type [taip] n тип; v печатать на машинке

typist ['taipist] n машини­стка

tyre [taia] n шина

U

UFO ['jir.fau, ju:ef 'эй] НЛО (неопознанный летаю­щий объект)

Ukraine [ju:'krein] Украина

umbrella [лт'ЬгеЬ] га зонт

unable [An'etbl] а неспособ­ный

unbutton [,лп'Ьл1п] v рас­стегнуть

uncle ['лт]к1] п дядя

unconscious [лп'кэп/эБ] а без сознания; несознающий

under [4nd3] prep под

underground ['Andsgraund] а подземный

understand [.Atida'steend] (understood, understood) vпонимать

understanding [.Anda'steendiT]] n взаимо­понимание

understood [.Anda'stud] см. understand

underwater [Anda'woita] adv под водой; а подводный

unemployed [.Aium'pbid] a безработный

unfamiliar [.Anfa'miha] а не­знакомый

unfit [,AiTfit] а нездоро­вый; плохо себя чувству­ющий be unfit быть не в форме

unfortunate [An'foitjanit] а неудачливый; невезучий


unfortunately [Wfoitjanitli] adv к сожалению

unhappy [Ati'heepi] а не­счастный

uniform ['ju:nifo:m] га форма (одежды)

unimaginable [,Ani'm£ed3in3bl] а невооб­разимый

unit of soldiers t'ju:nit 3v'ssuld33z] отряд (подразделение) сол­дат

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [ju:,naitid.kiT]d3m sv.greit'britn эгк1,пэ:бэп 'aia-land] Соединенное Коро­левство Великобрита­нии и Северной Ирлан­дии

United States of America [ju:.naitid .steits av э'тепкэ] Соединенные Штаты Америки

university [,ju:nr'vs:siti] n университет

unknown [.лп'пэип] а неиз­вестный

unlock [лп'Ьк] v отпирать

unload [An'laud] v разгру­жать

unnecessary [An'nesasan] а не являющийся необ­ходимым; без надобнос­ти; излишний

unnoticeable [Ati'nautisabl] a незаметный; незамечен­ный

unpack [лп'рагк] v распако­вывать

unpleasant [An'pleznt] а не­приятный


unpredictable [.Anpn'diktabi] а не могущий быть пред­сказанным

until [An'til] prep до тех пор пока

unusual [An'ju:3ual] а не­обычный

unwell [Ati'wel] a: feel unwell плохо себя чув­ствовать

update [Ap'deit] v вносить (информацию); внести из­менения и дополнения;п информация с изменени­ями и дополнениями the latest update самая последняя точная ин­формация

upper ['лрэ] а верхний

upset [Ap'set] (upset, upset) v переворачивать; рас­страивать

upset [Ap'set] а расстроенный

upstairs [,Ap'steaz] adv на­верх (no лестнице); на­верху

Urals ['juaralz] Урал

urgent ['a:d33nt] а сроч­ный

us [as]pron нас; нам

use [ju:z] v использовать; пользоваться used ['ju:st] to say быва­ло говорил

use [ju:s] n польза no use ['nau'ju:s] беспо­лезно What's the use? ['wots 6a'ju:s] Какой толк?

useful ['ju:sfal] а полезный

useless ['jursbs] а бесполез­ный

usually ['ju:3U3k] adv обыч­но


utmost [Vtmaust] а крайний;

предельный utter [Vta] v произнести

V

vacation [va'keijn] n кани­кулы

valid [Valid] а действитель­ный; имеющий силу; дей­ствующий

valley [Vasli] n долина

van [veen] n автофургон

various [Veanas] а различ­ный

vary [Vean] v меняться; из­меняться

vase [va:z] n ваза

vegetable ['ved3tabl] ra овощ

vegetarian [,ved3i'te3ri3n] n вегетарианец

vehicle [Vi:ikl] n автотран­спортное средство; машина

vending machine ['vendit) m3,|i:n] n торговый авто­мат

veranda [va'raenda] га веранда

very [Veri] adv очень

vessel [Vesal] n судно; сосуд

vicinity [vi'smiti] n окрест­ность

victim [Viktim] n жертва

video cassette [,vidiau ka'set] n видеокассета

video cassette recorder [n'ko:da] (VCR [,vi:si:'a:]) n видеомагнитофон

view [vju:] га вид

village ['vihd3] n деревня

villager [Vili^a] n деревен­ский житель

violin [vaia'lm] га скрипка

516 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Англо-русский словарь


517


violinist [,vaio'lmist] n скри­пач

visa [Vi:zo] n виза

visit ['vizit] n визит; v посе­тить

vocabulary [vo'keebjulon] n словарь

voice [vois] n голос

volcanic [vol'keenik] а вулка­нический

volcano [vol'kemou] n вул­кан

volleyball [Volibo:l] n волей­бол

W

wait [weit] v ждать

waiter ['weito] n официант

waitress ['weitns] n офици­антка

wake up ['weik4p] (woke up, woken up) v будить; про­сыпаться

Wales [weilz] Уэльс

walk [wo:k] v ходить пеш­ком; n прогулка walk away уходить, уйти go for a walk ходить на прогулку

Walkman ['workman] n аудиоплеер

wall [wo:l] n стена

Walter Scott [,wo:lto'skot] Вальтер Скотт

waltz [wo:ls] n вальс

wander ['wondo] v бродить

want [wont] v хотеть

war [wo:] n война

warm [worm] а теплый; v со­гревать

warmly ['wo:mli] adv тепло

warn [wo:n] v предупреж­дать


was [wozl см. be

wash [woj] v мыть; стирать wash off отмыть; отсти­рать washing machine [mo'Ji:n] стиральная машина

Washington ['wojrqton] Ва­шингтон

washstand ['wojsteend] n умывальник

waste [weist] v напрасно тратить

watch [wotj] n часы; v наблю­дать; следить watch TV смотреть теле­визор

water ['wo:to] n вода; v поли­вать

wave [weiv] n волна; v ма­хать

way [wei] n путь; способ way out выход

weak [wi:k] а слабый

weakly ['wi:kk] adv слабо

wealth [wel6] n богатст­во; материальные цен­ности

weapon ['wepon] n оружие

wear [weo] (wore, worn) v носить (одежду) wear off сноситься; прой­ти; изгладиться

weary ['wion] а утомленный

weather ['we6o] n погода

wedding ['wedin] n свадьба wedding cake свадебный торт

Wednesday ['wenzdi] среда

week [wi:k] n неделя

weekend [,wi:k'end, 'whkend] n конец недели; выход­ные дни, уик-энд

weight [weit] n вес


welcome ['welkom] а желан­ный well [wel] n колодец; а здо­ровый; adv хорошо; int ну well-known [,wel'noun] а из­вестный went [went] см. go were [wo:] см. be west [west] n запад western ['weston] а запад­ный wet [wet] а мокрый, влаж­ный what [wotjprem что; какой wheel [wi:l] n колесо when [wen] adv когда where [weo] adv где; куда whether ['we6o] conj ли which [witj] pron который while [wail] conj пока (в то время как); п небольшой промежуток времени whisper ['wispo] n шепот; v

шептать white [wait] а белый white coffee кофе с моло­ком whitewash ['waitwoj] v бе­лить whole [houl] а весь; целый whose [hu:z] pron чей wicker ['wiko] n прутья (для

плетения); а плетеный wide [waid] а широкий widow ['widou] n вдова Widowers' Houses [,widouoz 'hauziz] „Дома вдовцов" (пьеса Б. Шоу) wife [waif] n жена wild [waild] а дикий William Henry Davies [,wiljom,henn 'deivis] Вильям Генри Дейвис


win [win] (won, won) v выиг­рывать, одерживать побе­ду

wind [wind] n ветер

wind up ['wamdVp] (wound up, wound up) v заво­дить ( часы )

window ['wmdou] n окно French window балкон­ная дверь

windowsill ['wmdou,sil] n подоконник

wine [wain] n вино

winter ['wmto] n зима

wire [waio] n проволока; провод

wise [waiz] а мудрый; ум­ный; благоразумный

wish [wij] n желание; v же­лать

with [wi6] prep с

withered ['wi6od] а увяд­ший

within [wid'm] prep внутри; в пределах

without [wi6'aut] prep без

witness ['witnis] v видеть; быть свидетелем

witty ['win] а остроумный

woke up ['wouk4p] см. wake up

woken up ['woukn'Ap] см. wake up

wolf [wulf] n волк

woman ['wumon] (мн. ч. women) n женщина

women ['wimm] см. woman

won [wAn] см. win

wonder ['wAndo] v интересо­ваться; удивляться I wonder хотел бы знать, интересно

wondetful ['wAndofol] а чу­десный, замечательный;

518 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ


удивительный; изуми­тельный

wood [wud] n лес; дерево

wool [wu:l] n шерсть

word [ws:d] n слово

wore [wo:] см. wear

work [ws:k] n работа; произ­ведение; vработать

worker ['works] n рабочий; работник

world [world] n мир out of the world потря­сающий

world-famous t,w3:ld'feim3s] а всемирно известный

worldwide [rw3:ld'waid] a всемирный; adv во всем мире

worn [wo:n] см. wear

worry ['wati] v беспокоить­ся, волноваться

worse [ws:s] adv хуже

worth [w3:0] а стоящий (чего-л.)

Worthing [Чга:бт] Уординг

would like [wud'laik] хотел бы

wound up ['waund4p] см. wind up

wound [wu:nd] n рана

wounded ['wurndid] а ране­ный

wreck [rek] v губить

wrist [nst] n запястье

write [rait] (wrote, written) v писать

writer ['raits] n писатель

writing desk ['raitnjdesk] n письменный стол

written ['ntn] см. write

written ['ntn] pp письмен­ный

wrong [гот]] а неправый; не­правильный


There was something wrong with his car. Что-то с его машиной было не в порядке.

Is there anything wrong? Что-нибудь случилось (произошло)?

Y

yard [ja:d] n двор

yawn [jo:n] v зевать yawn someone's head off отчаянно зевать

yeah [jes] да

year [jis] n год

yellow f'jelau] а желтый

yesterday ['jestadi] adv вчера

you [ju:] pron ты; вы

young [jat]] а молодой

younger Йлвдэ] а моложе; младший

youngest ['JATjgsst] а самый молодой, самый млад­ший

your [jo:] pron твой; ваш

Z

zipper ['zips] n (застежка)

молния zoo [zu:] n зоопарк


A

август August Австралия Australia автобус bus автограф autograph автор author адрес address аккуратный careful А. Кристи A. Christie актер actor активный active актовый зал assembly hall Алиса Alice Америка America американский American английский English Англия England апрель April аптека chemist's арестовать arrest артист actor артистка actress архитектор architect астрономия astronomy Африка Africa аэропорт airport

Б

бабушка grandmother Байрон Byron баронесса baroness бегать run бегун runner бедные the poor без without бежать run Белое море White Sea Беовульф Beowulf


берег (реки) bank (моря, озера)shore

беспокоиться worry

беспокойство worry, trouble

бесценный priceless

бесчисленный countless

библиотека library

библиотекарь librarian

билет ticket

бить beat

благодарен thankful, grate­ful

благодарить thank

благоприятный favourable

близко near

близорукий shortsighted

богатый rich

бокс boxing

болезнь illness

болен ill

больница hospital

больной patient, ill

больше bigger, larger

больше не any longer

большой big, large

борьба wrestling

босс boss

бояться be afraid

брат brother

брать take

брать взаймы borrow

брать (книги из библиоте­ки) borrow (books from the library)

бриллиант diamond

Британия Britain

Британские острова Brit­ish Isles

бросить throw

520 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь


521


бросить курить

. give up smoking бросить университет leave the university

будущий future

бумага paper

буря storm

бутерброд sandwich

бывало used to

бык ox

быстро quickly, fast

быть be

В

вагон-ресторан dining car

важный important

ваза vase

вальс waltz

Вальтер Скотт Walter Scott

вам you

вас you

ваш your

вбежать run in(to)

ввести lead in, bring in

вдоль along

вдруг suddenly

вежливый polite

везде everywhere

везение luck не везти have bad luck везти have good luck

век century

великий great

велосипед bicycle

верить believe

вернуть(ся) return, go back

вес weight

весело merrily, gaily

веселье fun

весна spring

весной in spring

вести lead; act

весь all

ветер wind


вечер evening вечеринка party вечером in the evening вещь thing вздрогнуть shudder вздыхать sigh взобраться climb up взрослый grown-up взятка bribe взять take

взять взаймы borrow взять (книги из библиоте­ки) borrow (books from

the library) взять (на работу) hire вид view; sight; kind

при виде at the sight of видеомагнитофон video

recorder видеть see виза visa включить turn on, switch

on; include вкусный tasty Владивосток Vladivostok влезть get in, crawl in влияние influence

оказать влияние influ­ence вместе together вмешиваться interfere

He вмешивайся не в свое дело! Mind your business! вниз down, downstairs внимание attention внимательно attentively внимательный attentive внуки grandchildren вовремя in time вовсе at all вода water

водная гладь water's sur­face водить машину drive


водитель driver

водопроводчик plumber

возвращать(ся) return

воздух air на открытом воздухе in the open air; out of doors

возражать contradict; ob­ject

возраст age

Войнич Voynich

войти go in, come in

вокзал railway station

вокруг around

Волга Volga

волейбол volleyball

волосы hair

вопрос question

вор burglar

восемнадцать eighteen

восемьдесят eighty

воскресенье Sunday

воспитывать bring up

воспользоваться use

восхищаться admire

Вот она! Here she is!

врач doctor

время time какое-то время for quite a while

все all, everybody

всегда always

всё everything Всё в порядке! Everything is all right!

всё ещё still

вспоминать remember, recall

вставать stand up; get up

встретить meet

встречать(ся) meet; come across

всякий anyone

вторник Tuesday

входить go in, come in, enter


вчера yesterday выглядеть look выдающийся outstanding выиграть win выйти go out

выйти из трамвая get off the tram вылечить cure вымыть wash выносить (выдерживать)

bear выпасть: выпадет снег it

will snow выпить drink выполнять fulfil, do выпрыгнуть jump out вырастать grow выронить drop высокий tall; high высоко high выставка exhibition выучить learn выход exit; way out выходить go out выходные weekends

газета newspaper Гарвард Harvard Гаррис Harris где where

где-нибудь somewhere где-то somewhere герой hero герой литературного про­изведения character герцог duke Гете Goethe гид guide гитара guitar глаз eye глупый silly гнездо nest говорить speak; say

\

522 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь 523


говорить неправду Не

.год year

голодный hungry

голос voice

гораздо much

гордиться be proud

горизонт horizon

город town; city

гостеприимный hospitable

гостиная drawing room

гостиница hotel

государственный state

готов ready

готовить prepare

готовиться get ready

градус (температуры) de­gree

грамматика grammar

граница border за границу abroad

графиня countess

гриб mushroom

громко loudly

грубить be rude

грубо rudely

грузовик lorry

группа group

груша pear

грязный dirty

гулять walk

густой thick

д

давай(те) let us дать знать let know

давать give

давно long ago; for a long time

даже even

далекий far, distant

Дальний Восток Far East

дарить give

дача country house на даче in the country


на дачу to the country с дачи from the country

двадцать twenty

дважды twice

двенадцать twelve

дверь door

двигаться (делать заряд­ку) take exercise

движение motion; move­ment

движение (уличное) traffic

двор yard

дворец palace

двоюродная сестра cousin

двоюродный брат cousin

девушка girl

девяносто ninety

девятнадцать nineteen

дедушка grandfather

действительно really

декабрь December

делать do, make делать уроки do one's homework

делегация delegation

день day

день рождения birthday

деньги money

деревня village

дерево tree

Державин Derzhavin

держать hold; keep

дети children

детство childhood

Джейн Jane

Джек Лондон Jack London

Джером Jerome

Джим Jim

Джон John

Джордж George

диван sofa

Диккенс Dickens

диктант dictation


директор (школы)

headmaster дирижер conductor длинный long для for днем in the daytime; in the

afternoon Днепр Dnieper до until до сих пор so far; up to

now до того, как before добиться успеха achieve

success добраться get (to) добрый kind довольно enough довольный pleased доехать get дождаться wait till дождь rain

идет дождь it is raining дозвониться кому-либо get

through доклад report доктор doctor долговая тюрьма debtors'

prison должен must

должным образом properly дом house дома at home домашнее задание

homework домой home дорога road дорогой expensive дорожка path доска(классная)

blackboard достигать reach; achieve достопримечательности

sights; places of interest дотронуться touch


дочь daughter дразнить tease драться fight древний ancient дрожать tremble друг friend другой other

на другой день the next day дружный friendly думать think дуть blow Дэвид Копперфильд David

Copperfield дядя uncle

E Европа Europe его his; him

еда (прием пищи) meal её her

ездить go; ride ей her

елка f irtree, Christmas tree ему him если if есть eat ехать go; ride ещё still ещё не not yet

жалкий miserable

жаловаться complain

жаль: мне жаль I am sorry

жаркий hot

ждать wait ждать с нетерпением от­вета от look forward to hearing from

желание wish, desire

жена wife

женат married

жениться marry

524 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь 525


женщина woman жестоко cruelly жив(ой) alive быть живым (в живых) be alive животное animal жизнь life жить live журнал magazine журналист journalist

3

за behind за город to the country за городом in the country за границей abroad

заблудиться lose one's way

заболеть fall ill

забор fence

забывать forget

завернуть turn

зависеть depend

завод plant; factory

завтра tomorrow

завтрак breakfast

завтракать have breakfast

загадка mystery

заговорить speak; start speaking

задавать вопросы ask questions

задача task; problem

задержать hold up

зазвонить ring

закат солнца sunset

закон law

закончить(ся) finish

закрывать close

закрыт closed

зал hall

заметить notice

замечательный remarkable

занавеска curtain


заниматься study занятие occupation

занятие (урок) lesson занят busy занять occupy

занять первое место take the first place записать write down записка note заплатить pay заранее beforehand зарядка morning exercises заседание meeting; sitting засидеться sit up late заснуть fall asleep заставлять make застать find

затруднительный difficult заучивать learn заходить:

к кому-либо call on

куда-либо call at

за кем-либо call for

Заходите! Come in!

заходить (о солнце) set звать call звезда star звонить по телефону ring

up; telephone; call звонок bell здание building здесь here

здоров (не болен) well здоровый healthy здоровье health зеленый green земля ground зеркало mirror зима winter знаменитый famous знать know зонт umbrella зоопарк zoo зуб tooth


зубная боль toothache зубной врач dentist

И

играть play

играть в азартные игры gamble

игрушка toy

идти go; walk

избегать avoid

известный well-known

извинить excuse

извиниться apologize

издавать publish

из-за because of

изменения changes

изменяться change

измерить measure

изобретение invention

изучать study

изучение learning; studying

им them

иметь обыкновение used to

имитировать imitate

имя name

Индия India

инженер engineer

иностранный foreign

институт institute

интерес interest

интересный interesting

интересовать interest

интересоваться be in­terested (in)

искать look for

искусный skilful

искусство art

испанский Spanish

испечь bake

исполнять perform

использовать use

испортить ruin

испортиться spoil

исправлять repair


исправлять ошибку cor­rect a mistake исторический historical история (наука) history история (рассказ) story исчезать disappear Италия Italy итальянский Italian их their; them июль July июнь June

К

кабинет study

кабинет врача doctor's reception room

каждый every

как how

как раз just

как только as soon as

камешек stone

камин fireplace

канал canal

каникулы holidays; va­cation

капитан captain

карандаш pencil

карман pocket

картина picture, painting

картинная галерея picture gallery

карточка card проездная карточка trav­el card

картошка potatoes

карты cards

касаться touch

касса: на вокзале booking office в театре box office в магазине cash desk

кататься на коньках skate

кататься на лыжах ski

катиться roll

526 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь 527


каток skating rink

Катя Kate

кафе cafe

Кембридж Cambridge

Киев Kiev

кино cinema

кинозвезда film(movie) star

кинотеатр cinema

Китай China

класс classroom

классический classical

клетка cage

ключ key

книга book

ковер carpet

когда when

когда-нибудь some time; ever

кое-какие some

колбаса sausage

коллега colleague; workmate

кольцо ring

команда team

командовать give orders

комната room

композитор composer

компьютер computer

компьютерные игры computer games

конец end в конце концов finally

конечно of course; cer­tainly

контрольная работа test, paper

консультант consultant

конференция conference

конфета sweet

концерт concert

кончать finish

коньки skates

корабль ship

коридор corridor


кормить feed король king короткий short коснуться touch костер fire

развести костер make

afire кость bone кофе coffee кошелек purse кошка cat

красивый fine; beautiful красота beauty кресло armchair кричать shout кровать bed кровяное давление blood

pressure круглый round кружиться circle Крым Crimea кто who

кто-нибудь somebody кто-то somebody кубок cup куда where кукла doll купаться bathe купе compartment купить buy курить smoke курсы courses; classes кусок piece кухня kitchen

Л лаборатория laboratory лгать lie; tell lies Лев Толстой Lev Tolstoy легкий easy; light легкомысленный

light-minded лед ice лежать lie


лекарство medicine лектор lecturer лекция lecture ленивый lazy лес wood, forest лестница staircase лететь fly лето summer летом in summer летчик pilot лечь lie down

лечь спать go to bed лимон lemon лимонад lemonade лист (дерева) leaf лист(книги)page литература literature лицо face ловить catch

ловить рыбу fish лодка boat ложиться lie down

ложиться спать go to bed ложка spoon ломать(ся) break Лондон London лорд lord лото lotto лошадь horse лужайка lawn лучше better лучший best лысеть go bald львица lioness любимый favourite любить love; like; enjoy любоваться admire люди people

M магазин shop магнитофон tape recorder май May маленький little; small


мальчик boy

мало little

март March

масло butter

масса (очень много) a lot

математика mathematics

матч match

мать mother

машина machine; car

машинистка typist

мебель furniture

медведь bear

медленно slowly

мел chalk

менеджер manager

меня me

Мери Mary

мерседес Mercedes

место place

место назначения desti­nation

месяц month

механик mechanic

мечтать dream

мешать prevent; be in the way, disturb

микроволновая печь micro­wave oven

мимо past

министр minister

минута minute

мир peace; world

мисс Бетси Miss Betsy

миссис Рид Mrs. Reed

мишка teddy bear

мнете

много many; much

мог could не мог не coldn't help

могу can

может can не может не can't help

можешь can

можно may

528 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь 529


мои ту

мододой young молодость youth молоко milk молоток hammer момент moment монолог monologue

монолог Гамлета Ham­let's soliloquy море sea

мороженое ice cream моряк sailor Москва Moscow Московский университет

Moscow University мост bridge муж husband мужчина man музей museum музыка music музыкальный инструмент

musical instrument музыкант musician мультфильм cartoon мысль thought; idea мыть wash

мыть посуду wash the dishes мышь mouse мясо meat

H наблюдать watch навестить visit над over; above надевать put on надеяться hope назад back; ago

час назад an hour ago называть call наизусть by heart найти find наказывать punish наконец at last


налить pour

нам us

нанять hire

напевать sing; hum

напечатать print

написать write

направление direction по направлению к in the direction of

направо to the right

например for example, for instance

нарисовать draw

наркоделец drug dealer

наркотик drug, narcotic

народ people

нарочно on purpose

нарушать (закон) break (the law)

нас us

наслаждаться enjoy

настаивать insist

наступать set in

научить teach

находить find

начинать(ся) begin

Haui our

небо sky

Нева Neva

невежливый impolite

невиновен innocent

невнимательно inatten­tively

Невский проспект Nevsky Prospect

неделя week

немецкий German

немного a little

ненавидеть hate

неправ: ты неправ you are wrong

неприятность trouble

несколько a few, several

нести carry


неудачник loser

нигде nowhere

никогда never

Николай Nicholas

никто nobody

никуда nowhere

ничего nothing

Новгород Novgorod

новый new

нога leg; foot

номер number

нормальный normal

носить carry

носить (одежду, очки) wear

носки socks

ночь night

ночью at night

ноябрь November

нравиться like

нужный needed; necessary

Ныв Йорк New York

О

о about оба both обвинять accuse обед dinner обедать have dinner обезьяна monkey обещание promise обещать promise облако cloud обмануть deceive, cheat обратить внимание pay

attention обратиться к врачу consult

the doctor обратно back обращаться treat обсуждать discuss обсуждение discussion обучать teach; instruct объяснить explain обычно usually


обязанность duty

овладеть (знаниями) master

овощ vegetable

ограбить rob

огромный huge

одеваться dress

один alone

одиннадцать eleven

одноклассник classmate

одобрять approve

ожидать (ждать) wait

ожидать (рассчитывать на)expect

озеро lake

оказывать влияние influ­ence

окно window

около near

окончить finish

Оксфорд Стрит Oxford Street

октябрь October

опасный dangerous

опера opera

опоздать be late опоздать на поезд miss a train

опыт experiment; experi­ence

опять again

орех nut

оригинал original

оркестр orchestra

осень autumn

осенью in autumn

осмотреть examine

особенно especially

оставаться remain, stay, go on being (продолжать быть)

оставить leave

останавливать(ся) stop

остановка stop

530 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь


531


осторожный careful

остров island

ответ answer

отвечать answer

отвозить take

отдать give

отдохнуть rest

отдых rest

отдыхать rest

отец father

отказаться refuse

отказаться от чего-л give up

откладывать postpone; put off

открывать open

открывать (делать откры­тие) discover

открытие discovery

отличный excellent

отложить postpone; put off

отметка mark

отплывать sail off

отправить send

отправляться start

отпустить let go (walk)

отрицать deny

отход поезда departure

офис office

охотно gladly

оценить appreciate

оценка mark

очень very

очки glasses

ошибка mistake

П

падать fall пальто coat памятник monument Париж Paris парк park парта desk

пастушка shepherdess певица singer


педагог pedagogue; teacher первый first перевести translate перевод translation переводить translate перед before; in front of перед тем, как before передумать change one's

mind; to think better of it переехать move перейти cross переменить(ся) change переодеваться change переписать copy, rewrite переплывать swim across перепрыгнуть jump over перепутать mix up перестать stop, give up переходить cross перечитать reread песня song песок sand петух cock петь sing печатать type печь oven пешком on foot пианино piano пианистка pianist пиво beer пикник picnic пирог pie

пирожное fancy cake писатель writer писать write писать (картины) paint письмо letter пить drink плавательный бассейн

swimming pool плавать swim; sail плакать cry платок handkerchief платформа platform


платье dress

племянник nephew

пленник prisoner

плита gas cooker (stove AraE)

плохо badly

плохой bad

плыть swim; sail

пляж beach

по-английски (in) English

побежать run; start running

поблагодарить thank

побледнеть turn pale

побывать visit

поведение conduct; be­haviour

повезло: им повезло they were lucky

повернуть turn

повесить hang

повидать see

повсюду everywhere

повторить repeat

поговорить speak

погода weather

подарок present

подбежать run up

подвезти give a lift

поднять lift; raise поднять голову look up поднять шум make noise

подождать wait

подозревать suspect

подозрительно suspiciously

подойти go up; come up; walk up; approach

подоконник windowsill

подорвать damage

подстригаться have one's hair cut

подстричь cut

подумать think

подходить go up; come up; walk up; approach


поезд train

поездка trip

поесть eat

поехать go

пожалуйста please

пожелать wish

пожениться get married

позаботиться take care of

позавтракать have break­fast

позавчера the day before yesterday

позвать call

позволить allow

позвонить (по телефону) ring up; telephone; call

поздно late

поздравить congratulate

позже later

познакомить introduce

познакомиться get ac­quainted; meet

поиграть play

поискать look for

по-испански (in) Spanish

поймать catch

пойти go

пойти гулять go for a walk

пока till; until; while

показание evidence

показать show

покрыт covered

покупать buy

пол floor

полагать believe

полдень noon

поле field

полететь fly

полить (цветы) water

политика politics

полицейский policeman, police officer

полиция police

полка shelf

532 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь


533


полмесяца half a month

полночь midnight

полный full

половина half

положение situation; po­sition

положить put; place

получать get; receive

получать удовольствие от enjoy

полчаса half an hour

пользоваться use

помешать prevent

помнить remember

помогать help

понедельник Monday

по-немецки (in) German

понимать understand

поплыть swim; start swim­ming

поправиться (после болез­ни) recover

поправлять repair; fix

попросить ask

поработать work

пораньше earlier

порвать tear

порт port

портрет portrait

портфель bag

по-русски (in) Russian

посадить (растение) plant

посадить в тюрьму put into prison

посередине in the middle

посещать attend

поскользнуться slip

после after

последний last

последовать follow последовать совету fol­low smb's advice

послушать listen

посмеяться laugh


посмотреть look

посмотреть телевизор watch TV

посоветовать advise

посоветоваться с consult

поспешить hurry

поссориться quarrel

поставить put поставить оценку give a

mark поставить спектакль stage a performance

постель: в постели in bed

постоянно constantly

построить build

поступать (в учебное заве­дение) enter; (в спортив­ную секцию) join

постучать knock

посуда crockery

посылать send

потерять lose

потом then

потому что because

поторопиться hurry

поужинать have supper

по-французски (in) French

похвалить praise

поход tramp, hike

похожий alike, like

почему why

почерк handwriting

починить repair

почта post office

почувствовать(себя)feel

поэма poem

поэт poet

поэтесса poetess

поэтому that's why, there­fore

прав: ты прав you are right

правда truth; to be true

правило rule

правописание spelling


предать betray

предлагать offer

предложение sentence

предмет subject

предполагать suppose; intend

предпочитать prefer

председатель chairman

представлять (кого-л. ко­му-л.) introduce

предупреждать warn

предупреждение warning

прекрасный fine; beau­tiful, excellent, splendid

прекратить stop

пренебречь neglect

преподаватель teacher

прерывать interrupt

преступление crime

приближаться approach

прибывать arrive

привезти bring

привести bring

приводить bring

приглашать invite

приготовить prepare

приготовления prepara­tions

приехать come

прижимать press

признать admit

прийти come прийти в голову occur

приказывать order

прилежный diligent

примерять try on

принадлежать belong (to)

принести bring

принимать (лекарство) take (medicine) принимать решение make

a decision принимать участие take part


приносить bring

принц prince

природа nature

присутствовать be present

присылать send

притворяться pretend

приходить come; visit; arrive

причинять cause

приятно pleasant

проблема problem

провалиться на экзамене fail

проверять check up

провести spend

проветривать air

проводить spend проводить (показать до­рогу) show; take

программа programme учебная программа cur­riculum

программист programmer

прогрессивный progres­sive

продавать sell

продавщица shopassistant

продолжать continue; go on;keep on

продукты foodstuffs

проект project

проиграть lose

произведение work

производить впечатление make (produce) impres­sion; impress

произношение pronunciation

пройти walk; pass; go

пропускать miss

просмотреть look through

простить forgive

простудиться catch(a)cold

просыпаться wake up

534 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь


535


просьба request профессионал professional профессор professor прохладный cool прохожий passerby прочесть read прошлый last; past пруд pond; pool прыгать jump птица bird путешествие journey путешествовать travel путь way

по пути on the way Пушкин Pushkin пытаться try пьеса play пятнадцать fifteen пятница Friday пятьдесят fifty

P

работа work;job работать work рабочий worker

рабочий день working day рад glad радио radio

по радио over the radio радостно gladly радость joy раз time

разбить break; smash развести костер make a fire разгадать guess; solve разговаривать speak; talk

разговаривать по теле­фону speak on the phone разговор conversation разгружать unload раздумать think better of it разный different разработать work out разрешать allow


район district рак cancer

рак легких lung cancer рано early

рано или поздно sooner or later раньше earlier; before расположен situated распрягать unharness рассвет dawn рассердиться get angry рассказ story рассказывать tell рассмеяться burst out laugh -

ing; burst into laughter расстраивать upset расстелить spread рассчитывать count; expect расти (о ценах) increase Рахманинов Rakhmaninov ребенок child регулярно regularly редко seldom результат result река river

ремонтировать repair, fix Рен Wren

репетировать rehearse речь speech

решение decision; solution решить decide; solve Рим Rome римляне Romans рисовать draw Роберт Берне Robert Burns родина motherland родитель parent родиться be born родной: родная страна

native country

родной город hometown роман novel Рональд Ronald рот mouth


Рочестер Rochester

рояль piano

ругать scold

рука hand; arm

Русский музей Russian

Museum ручка pen рыба fish рынок market

С с since

с тех пор, как заболел since illness сад garden

садиться (о солнце) set самолет plane Санкт-Петербург St. Pe­tersburg сахар sugar сбегать (вниз) run down сварить cook сведения information свет light светлый light свистеть whistle свободен free связи с общественностью

public relations сдавать: экзамен take an

exam

работу hand in a paper сдать экзамен pass an exam

(a test) сделать do; make север north сегодня today сегодня вечером tonight сегодняшний today's седеть go grey сейчас now

сейчас же at once секрет secret секретарь secretary


секунда second семнадцать seventeen семьдесят seventy семья family сентябрь September сердиться be angry сердце heart серьезный serious сестра sister сесть sit down

сесть (о солнце) set сигарета cigarette сидеть sit сидеть (не ложиться спать)

sit up сила strength; force сильный strong ситуация situation сказать say сказка fairy tale скамейка bench сколько how many; how

much скоро soon скорость speed скрипка violin скучный dull, boring следить watch следовать советам follow

smb's advice следующий next слеза tear слива plum слишком too словарь dictionary слово word сломать break случаться happen; be wrong слушать listen слышать hear смелый brave смешной funny смеяться laugh смотреть look

536 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь


537


смотреть телевизор watch TV смятый creased; crumpled сначала at first снег snow снимать take off снова again собака dog собирать gather собираться be going (to) Собор Святого Павла

St. Paul's Cathedral собрание meeting совершить perform

совершить преступление

commit a crime

совершить турне tour совет advice совпадение coincidence соглашаться agree сожаление: к сожалению

unfortunately сожалеть feel sorry создатель creator сойти (с транспорта)

get off сок juice солдат soldier солнечный sunny солнечный свет sunlight солнце sun соль salt сон sleep сонет sonnet сорвать(цветок)pick сорок forty сосед neighbour соседний neighbouring

соседняя комната next room состояться take place состязание contest сочинение composition спальня bedroom


спасибо thank you

спать sleep

спектакль performance

специально specially

спешить hurry

спокойной ночи good night

спокойный quiet

спорить argue

спорт sport

спортивная секция sport

section спортивный sport спортсмен sportsman способный capable справа on the right спрашивать ask спрыгивать jump off спрятать hide спрятать руки в карманы

put one's hands into one's

pockets сразу at once среда Wednesday срок: в срок in time ссылаться refer стадион stadium стакан glass становиться get; become станцевать dance станция station стараться try старый old статья article стена wall стихи poems; poetry стихотворение poem сто hundred стол table столица capital столовая canteen столько so many; so much стоять stand страна country странный strange


стричь cut

стричься have one's hair cut

строить build

строчка line

студент student

стул chair

стыд shame

стыдно ashamed

стюард steward

суббота Saturday

суд trial

суметь manage; be able

сумка bag

суп soup

сфотографироваться have

one's photo taken сцена scene; stage счастливый happy счастье happiness

к счастью luckily считать count; think США USA сшить make съездить go съесть eat сын son сыр cheese

таблетка tablet Таиланд Thailand тайна mystery так как as, because, since такой such такси taxi; cab талантливый talented там there танцевать dance тарелка plate твой your

творчество creative activ­ity театр theatre театрал theatregoer


тебе you тебя you текст text

телевидение television телевизор TV set телеграмма telegram телефон telephone Темза Thames темнеть get dark темно dark „температура temperature теннис tennis теория theory теперь now тепло warm

термометр thermometer терпеть: он терпеть не мог

he hated терпеливый patient терять lose тетка aunt

тетрадь exercise book тигрица tigress тихий (спокойный) quiet толпа crowd толстый thick только only только что just Том Сойер Tom Sawyer торопиться hurry торт cake тот же the same точный accurate трава grass Травиата La Traviata трамвай tram тратить spend тратить понапрасну waste тревожиться worry тренировка training тридцать thirty тринадцать thirteen трогать touch

538 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Русско-английский словарь


539


Трое в лодке, не считая со­баки". Three Men in a Boat, to Say Nothing of the Dog

трудный difficult

трус coward

туда there

тунец (голубой) tuna

турист tourist

тысяча thousand

тяжелый heavy

У

убийство murder

убирать квартиру do the flat

уважать respect

увеличить increase

уверен sure

увидеть see

увлекательный exciting

уволить fire; dismiss

угадать guess

угол corner

удаваться manage

удача success

уделять внимание pay attention

удивительный wonderful

удивленный surprised

удивлять surprise

удобный comfortable

уезжать go; go away, leave

ужас horror

уже already

ужин supper

узнать find out; learn; rec­ognize

уйти go; go away, leave

украсть steal

укусить bite

улица street

уличное движение traffic

уложить: в постель put into bed


в чемодан pack (put) into

the suitcase вещи pack

уметь be able

умный clever

умываться wash

университет university

упасть fall

упомянуть mention

упорно работать work hard „ упорствовать persist

управляющий manager

упражнение exercise

упрекать accuse

урок lesson

условие condition, circum­stance

услышать hear

успеть на поезд catch a train

успех success

усталый tired

утро morning

утром in the morning

уходить из дома leave home

ухудшать make (things) worse

участие: принимать учас­тие take part

учебник textbook

ученик pupil

ученый scientist

учитель teacher

учить(ся) learn

Ф

фабрика factory факт fact февраль February физика physics фильм film

фотограф photographer фотография photograph фотографироваться have one's photo taken


Франция France француз Frenchman французский French фрукт fruit футбол football футболист football player

X

хвалить praise хлеб bread ходить go

ходить за покупками go shopping

ходить пешком walk хозяйка mistress; hostess холодильник refrigerator,

fridge холодный cold хороший good хорошо well хотеть want

хочется (расположен) feel like храбрый brave хранить keep хрустальный crystal художник painter хуже worse

Ц цветок flower целый whole

целую вечность" for ages центр centre цена preis ценный valuable цепь chain церковь church цунами tsunami

4

чай tea

Чарльз Диккенс Charles Dickens


час hour

часто often

часть part

часы watch; clock

чашка cup

чаще: как можно чаще as often as possible

чей whose

человек man, person

чемодан suitcase

черный black

четверг Thursday

четырнадцать fourteen

чинить repair

число number

чистить clean

чистый clean

читальный зал reading room

читать read

читать стихи (наизусть) recite

чтение reading

что what; that

что-нибудь something

что-то something

чувствовать feel

чувствовать себя больным (быть в плохой спортив­ной форме) feel unfit

чудесный wonderful

Ш

шаг step

Шарлотта Бронте Char­lotte Bronte

шахматы chess

Швейцария Switzerland

швейцарец, швейцарка, швейцарский Swiss

шерстяной woollen

шестнадцать sixteen

шестьдесят sixty

шить sew

540 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

шкаф cupboard . книжный шкаф bookcase школа school школьник schoolboy школьники schoolchildren школьница schoolgirl шляпа hat штраф fine шум noise шуметь make noise шутить joke

щ

щедрый generous

Э экзамен exam экзаменовать examine экспедиция expedition электричество electric light электронная почта e-mail энергичный energetic эпизод episode Эрмитаж Hermitage Эстония Estonia этот this


Ю

югsouth южный southern

Я яблоко apple яблоня apple tree язык language; tongue яйцо egg январь January ясно clear ясный день fine day яхта yacht ящик box


SOURCES

  1. Alexander L. G. English Grammar Practice for Inter­mediate Students. — Longman Group UK Limited, 1990.

  2. Andres F., Marchini D., Stotz D. Ready for English. Student's Book 1. Klett und Balmer Verlag, Zug, 1993.

  3. Andres F., Fas H., Marchini D., Stotz D. Ready for English. Student's Book 2. — Klett und Balmer Verlag, Zug, 1994.

  4. Coles M. and Lord B. Access to English. Starting Out. — Oxford University Press, 1974.

  5. Coles M. and Lord B. Access to English. Starting Out. Workbook B. — Oxford University Press, 1984.

  6. Harper K. Grammar One. Teacher's Book. — Oxford University Press, 1992.

  7. Harper K. Grammar Two. Teacher's Book. — Oxford University Press, 1992.

  8. Hashemi L. with Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. Supplementary Exercises. — Cambridge University Press, 1995.

  9. Hewings M. Advanced Grammar in Use. A self-study reference and practice book for advanced learners of En­glish. — Cambridge University Press, 1999.


  1. Hutchinson T. Project English 3. Student's Book. -Oxford University Press, 1987.

  2. Molinsky S. J., Bliss B. Side by Side. Activity Work book 1A, IB. — Prentice Hall Regents, Englewood ClilTs, New Jersey, 1983.

  3. Molinsky S. J., Bliss B. Side by Side. Act i vi ty Work­book 2A, 2B. — Prentice Hall Regents, Knglewoml Cliffs, New Jersey, 1983.

  4. Molinsky S. J.. Bliss B. Side by Side. English Through Guided Conversations 1A, IB. — Prentice Hall Regents, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1983.

Ы. Molinsky S.J., Bliss B.Sidehy Side. English Through Guided Conversations 2A, 2B. — Prentice Thill Kegeut.:», Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1983.

542 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

  1. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. A self-study ref­erence and practice book for elementary students of English. — Cambridge University Press, 1998.

  2. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate students. — Cambridge University Press, 1994.

  3. NaylorH. with Murphy R. Essential Grammar in Use. Supplementary Exercises. — Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  4. Seidl J. Grammar One. — Oxford University Press, 1992.

  5. Seidl J. Grammar Two. — Oxford University Press, 1992.

  6. Seidl J. Grammar Three. — Oxford University Press, 1993.

  7. Seidl J. Grammar Four. — Oxford University Press, 1994.

  8. Waheman K. Grammar Three. Teacher's Book. — Oxford University Press, 1993.

DICTIONARIES

  1. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Cul­ture. — Longman Group UK Limited, 1992.

  2. The Oxford Russian Dictionary. English-Russian. — Oxford-Moscow, 1999.

  3. The Oxford Russian Dictionary. Russian-English. — Oxford-Moscow, 1999.

  4. Webster's New World Dictionary. Third College Edi­tion. — Webster's New World Cleveland & New York, 1988.

  5. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. — Cambridge University Press, 1995.


Contents

Артикль 5

Существительное 68

Местоимения some, any, no, every

и их производные 76

Much, many, (a) little, (a) few 92

Степени сравнения прилагательных 98

Предлоги 108

Употребление времен 126

Passive Voice 232

Согласование времен. Косвенная речь 255

Инфинитив 294

Причастие 305

Герундий 325

Причастие, герундий

и отглагольное существительное 346

Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) 352

Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 374

Условные предложения.

Сослагательное наклонение после "I wish" ... 382

Модальные глаголы 399

Контрольное упражнение 450

Фонетические символы, используемые

в словаре 453

Англо-русский словарь 454

Русско-английский словарь 519

Литература 541

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